• Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.2-12
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• 2019

최근 암 면역치료는 임상연구에서 긍정적인 결과를 보이고 있으며 암 질환의 표준치료법으로 자리 잡아가고 있다. 암 면역치료는 암의 재발과 전이를 획기적으로 개선시킬 수 있다는 이점이 있다. 하지만 전체 암 환자의 15~20%에서만 치료 효과를 보이고 심각한 부작용을 유발할 수 있다는 임상적 한계가 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 개선하기 위해서 기존에 약물전달 또는 조직공학 분야에서 활용되었던 생체재료를 도입하여 면역치료의 효과를 개선하고 부작용은 줄이려는 시도가 활발하다. 본 기고문에서는 효율적인 암 면역치료를 위한 생체재료(나노입자, 리포좀, 미립구, 및 하이드로젤)에 관한 최신 연구동향을 다루고자 한다. 고기능성 생체재료 개발과 종양 면역학 분야의 깊은 이해는 효과적인 암 면역치료제를 개발하는데 있어서 매우 중요하다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2008

Purpose: To assess the toxicity and tumor response induced by $DCVac/IR^{(R)}$ dendritic cell(DC) immunotherapy combined with irradiation for refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Between May 2004 and November 2006, applicants from a pool of refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases were enrolled. The patients were registered after having signed the informed consent form, which had been approved by the Institutional Review Board from the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. DCs were obtained from peripheral blood of each patient, and then cultured in vitro. A total of $6{\times}10^6$ DCs were packed into a vial($DCVac/IR^{(R)}$, 0.5 ml) at the convenience of each patient's schedule. On the day before and on the day of each vaccination, each patient received a 4 Gy radiation dose to the target tumor. On the day of vaccination, the indicated dose of autologous DCs was injected into the irradiated tumor using ultrasound-guided needle injection procedures. A total of four vaccinations were scheduled at three 2-week intervals and one 4 week interval at the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. If the tumor status was deemed to be stable or responding to therapy, an additional vaccination dose or two was approved at 4 week intervals beyond the fourth immunization. A tolerance test for DCs was conducted by injecting a range of doses($3{\times}10^6\;to\;12{\times}10^6$ DCs) after the 3rd injection. Moreover, the maximal tolerable dose was applied to additional patients. Treatment safety was evaluated in all patients who had at least one injection. Treatment feasibility was evaluated by the 10th week by assessing the response of patients having at least 4 injections. For systemic toxicities, the evaluation was performed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, whereas adverse effects were recorded using common WHO toxicity criteria. Results: Of the 24 registered patients, 22 received the DCs injections. Moreover, of the 14 patients that applied for the tolerance test, only 11 patients completed it because 3 patients withdrew their testing agreement. A grade 3 or more side effect, which was possibly related to the DC injection, did not occur in additional patients. The $12{\times}10^6$ DC injection was identified as the maximum tolerable dose, and was then injected in an additional 8 patients. Patients tolerated the injection fairly well, with no fatal side effects. In order to assess the feasibility of DC immunotherapy, the response was evaluated in other hepatic lesions outside of the targeted hepatic lesion. The response evaluation was performed in 15 of the 17 patients who received at least 4 injections. Stable and progressive disease was found in 4 and 11 patients, respectively. Conclusion: The DC-based immunotherapy and radiotherapy is theoretically synergistic for the local control and systemic control. The $DCVac/IR^{(R)}$ immunotherapy combined with irradiation was tolerable and safe in the evaluated cases of refractory colorectal cancer with multiple liver metastases. Future work should include well designed a phase II clinical trials.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2022

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal antigen primarily detected in the peripheral blood of cancer patients, particularly in those with colorectal cancer. CEA is considered a valuable target for antigen-specific immunotherapy. In this study, we induced the anti-tumor immunity for CEA through the administration of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. However, there was a limitation in inducing tumor regression in the DC vaccinated mice. To enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor immunity in MC38/CEA2 tumor-bearing mice, we evaluated the effects of DC vaccine in combination with cyclophosphamide (CYP). Administration of CYP 100 mg/kg in mice resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth in the 2-day tumor model, whereas a lower inhibition of tumor growth was seen in the 10-day tumor model. Therefore, the 10-day tumor model was selected for testing chemo-immunotherapy. The combined CYP and DC vaccine not only increased tumor antigen-specific immune responses but also induced synergistic anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, the adverse effects of CYP such as weight loss and immunosuppression by regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells showed a significant reduction in the combined chemo-immunotherapy treatment compared with CYP alone. Our data suggest that chemoimmunotherapy with the DC vaccine may offer a new therapeutic strategy to induce a potent anti-tumor effect and reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.868-873
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• 2008

Purpose : Immunotherapy is accepted as the only treatment of allergic disease that can modify the natural course of the disease and ameliorate symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultra-rush therapy using Dermatophagoides extracts in children. Methods : Of children older than four years who had visited Bundang CHA Pediatric Allergy Clinic, those showing positive reactions only to Dermatophagoides in the skin prick test and to the nasal provocation test were included. In all, 11 and 12 patients respectively preferred conventional and ultra-rush immunotherapy. We elevated allergen concentrations diluted to 1,000:1 of the end strength by 2-3 times with 30-minute intervals and checked oxygen saturation, pulse rate, blood pressure, and systemic reactions every 15 minutes. Immunotherapy effectiveness was valued by changes in nasal provocation test scores before and after immunotherapy. Results : The average ages of patients in the conventional and ultra-rush immunotherapy groups were $8.3{\pm}2.3$ and $9.2{\pm}2.8years$, respectively. Systemic reactions were observed in six in the ultra-rush group (50%) without anaphylaxis and one (9%) in the conventional group. The average scores in the nasal provocation test before and after treatment in the conventional group were $8.2{\pm}1.5$ and $4.6{\pm}2.1$, respectively (P=0.043). In the ultra-rush immunotherapy group, the scores changed from $6.2{\pm}2.2$ to $3.7{\pm}2.5$ (P=0.017). Conclusion : Ultra-rush immunotherapy using Dermatophagoides in children is effective for treating allergic disease but can induce systemic effects rather than conventional immunotherapy.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.130-135
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• 2024

The effectiveness of corticosteroids in preventing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in non-human immunodeficiency viruses Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) patients, such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients, is controversial. We experienced a paradoxical reaction during severe PCP treatment in a SCID infant, which responded well to adjuvant corticosteroids.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 1996

면역성 용혈성 빈혈증 병견은 임상적으로 허약, 황달, 발열, 침울 및 점막창백을 나타낸다. 본 병의 진단은 구상적혈구증가증, 혈구응집반응 또는 직접적 Coomb시험 양성반응을 확인함과 동시에 용혈성 빈혈의 다른 원인을 배제함으로서 확정하여야 한다. 치료방법에는 적절한 보조적 요법과 함께 면역억압제가 포함된다. 일반적으로 치료에 있어서는 일차적으로 glucocorticoids가 선택되는데 흔히 cytoxan, aziothioprin, vincristine 또는 danazole과 같은 다른 약제와 병용된다. 치료는 그 반응에 근거하여 면역억압제의 용량을 2-4주 간격으로 점차 감량하면서 6개월 또는 그 이상까지 계속한다. 면역억압제에 대한 치료반응은 지연될 수 있고 또 적혈구 보유가 골수로부터 새로운 적혈구를 유리하게될 때까지 병축을 유지시키기에 부적당할 수 있기 때문에 병축의 예후판정은 경계하여야 한다. 심급성 내지 급성 예는 일반적으로 예후가 보다더 좋지 않다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.137
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• pp.54-55
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• 2001

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.123-125
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• 1990

문헌에 의하면 대상포진의 원인은 바이러스에 대한 세포성 면역이 저하될 때, 또는 악성종양 등으로 면역억제제 치료를 받아서 2차적으로 면역이 저하될 때 체내에 잠재해 있던 바이러스가 재활되어 발병하는 것으로 추정하고 있다. 본 저자도 이에 대하여 의견을 같이하고 있는데 노령층의 $60\~70$대 여자환자수가 압도적으로 많았다는 점과, $20\~39$세 사이의 청${\cdot}$장년층에서는 단1명의 대상자가 없다는 점뿐 아니라, 본 대상자중 11세의 소녀는 7세때 뇌종양 수술을 2차례에 걸쳐 실시한 후 면역제제를 계속적으로 사용하는 있는 점 등은 문헌의 발병원인과 상당히 일치하였다. <전파 양식> 비말 감염 (droplet infection)으로 전파되며, 수두와 달리 전염성이 높지 않다. <잠복기> 잠복해 있던 바이러스가 언제 재활할지 알 수 없으므로 불명이다. 그러나 본조사에서는 대상포진에 대한 병력을 가진 사람이 없었고, 발생 원인을 본인 자신도 모르고 있었다. <합병증> Ramsay Hunt의 증후에 의하면 합병증은 외이도의 수포, 안면신경마비, 혀의 2/3부분의 미각상실, 간혹 청각 및 평행장애를 일으킨다고 한다. <치료> 대상포진의 대증요법으로 calamine lotion Burrow solution의 wet dressing 진통제 및 cytosine arabinoside나 adenosine arabinoside와 같은 항히스타인제, 최근에는 Acyclovir가 많이 사용되고 있는 것으로 알려졌다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2009

Purpose: We assessed the absorbed dose to the tumor ($Dose_{tumor}$) by using pretreatment FDG-PET and whole-body (WB) planar images in repeated radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with $^{131}I$ rituximab for NHL. Materials and Methods: Patients with NHL (n=4) were administered a therapeutic dose of $^{131}I$ rituximab. Serial WB planar images alter RIT were acquired and overlaid to the coronal maximum intensity projection (MIP) PET image before RIT. On registered MIP PET and WB planar images, 2D-ROls were drawn on the region of tumor (n=7) and left medial thigh as background, and $Dose_{tumor}$ was calculated. The correlation between $Dose_{tumor}$ and the CT-based tumor volume change alter RIT was analyzed. The differences of $Dose_{tumor}$ and the tumor volume change according to the number of RIT were also assessed. Results: The values of absorbed dose were $397.7{\pm}646.2cGy$ ($53.0{\sim}2853.0cGy$). The values of CT-based tumor volume were $11.3{\pm}9.1\;cc$ ($2.9{\sim}34.2cc$), and the % changes of tumor volume before and alter RIT were $-29.8{\pm}44.3%$ ($-100.0%{\sim}+42.5%$), respectively. $Dose_{tumor}$ and the tumor volume change did not show the linear relationship (p>0.05). $Dose_{tumor}$ and the tumor volume change did not correlate with the number of repeated administration (p>0.05). Conclusion: We could determine the position and contour of viable tumor by MIP PET image. And, registration of PET and gamma camera images was possible to estimate the quantitative values of absorbed dose to tumor.

• 건강소식
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.24-26
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• 2013

건선은 신체 면역체계에 이상이 생겨 피부에 염증 반응을 일으키는 질병으로 평소 건강관리를 소홀히 해 면역력이 약해지면 나타나기 쉽다. 보통 바르는 연고로 치료하지만 심할 경우 자외선 치료와 함께 고가의 면역 억제 주사가 필요한 악성 질환이다. 원인과 동반질환, 효과적인 예방법을 알아보았다.