• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1305-1317
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• 1999

NUMA 구조는 원격 메모리에 대한 접근이 불가피한 구조적 특성 때문에 상호 연결망이 성능을 좌우하는 큰 변수가 된다. 기존에 대중적으로 사용되던 버스는 물리적 확장성 및 대역폭에서 대규모 시스템을 구성하는 데 한계를 보인다. 이를 대체하는 고속의 지점간 링크를 사용한 링 구조는 버스가 가지는 확장성 및 대역폭의 한계라는 단점을 개선하였으나, 많은 클러스터가 연결되는 경우에는 전송 지연시간이 증가하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스누핑 프로토콜이 적용된 링 구조에서 클러스터 개수 증가에 따른 지연시간 증가의 문제점을 보완하기 위해 계층적 링 구조로의 확장을 제안하고, 이 구조에 효과적인 캐쉬 일관성 프로토콜을 설계하였다. 전역 링과 지역 링을 연결하는 브리지는 캐쉬 프로토콜을 관리하며 이 프로토콜에 의해 지역 링의 부하를 줄일 수 있도록 트랜잭션을 필터링하는 역할도 담당함으로써 시스템의 성능을 향상시킨다. probability-driven 시뮬레이터를 통해 계층적 링 구조가 시스템의 성능 및 링 이용률에 미치는 영향을 알아본다. Abstract Since NUMA architecture has to access remote memory, interconnection network performance determines performance of NUMA architecture. Bus, which has been used as popular interconnection network of NUMA, has a limit to build a large-scale system because of limited physical scalability and bandwidth. Ring interconnection network, composed of high-speed point-to-point link, made up for bus's defects of scalability and bandwidth. But, it also has problem of increasing delay as the number of clusters is increased. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical expansion of snoop-based ring architecture in order to overcome ring's defects of increasing delay. And we also design an efficient cache coherence protocol adopted to this architecture. Bridge, which connects local ring and global ring, maintains cache coherence protocol and does snoop-filtering which reduces local ring and cluster bus utilization. Therefore bridge can improve performance of this system. We analyze effects of hierarchical architecture on the performance of system and utilization of point-to-point links using probability-driven simulator.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.503-513
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• 2002

Since CC-NUMA architecture has to access remote memory, the interconnection network determines the performance of the CC-NUMA system. Bus which has been used as a popular interconnection network has many limits in a large-scale system because of the limited physical scalability and bandwidth. The dual ring interconnection network, composed of high-speed point-to-point links, is made to resolve the defects of the bus for the large-scale system. However, it also has a problem, in that the response latency is rapidly increased when many nodes are attached to the snooping based CC-NUMA system with the dual ring. In this paper, we propose a ring architecture with repeater nodes in order to overcome the problem of the dual ring on a snooping based CC-NUMA system, and design a repeater node adapted to this architecture. We will also analyze the effects of proposed architecture on the system performance and the response latency by using a probability-driven simulator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2012

플라즈마 내에서 발생하는 입자는 플라즈마 내 전기적 및 화학적 특성으로 인해 응집이 적고 균일한 특성을 가진다. 이에 따라 도포성이 좋으며 낮은 응력을 가지는 박막의 형성이 가능하다. 이러한 특성을 가지는 나노입자는 메모리, 고효율 박막형 태양전지 등에 이용될 수 있다. 특히, PECVD (Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) 공정 중 플라즈마가 켜져있는 동안 수소 가스를 펄스형태로 추가 주입하는 방법은 실리콘 이온 사이의 결합을 통한 표면 성장을 일부 방해하여 이를 통해 최종적으로 생성되는 실리콘 입자의 크기제어를 가능하게 한다. 이러한 과정으로 PECVD내에서 생성된 입자의 입경 분포는 기존의 경우 공정 중 포집을 한 후 전자현미경을 이용하였지만 실시간 측정이 불가능한 한계가 있었고, 레이저를 이용한 실시간 측정은 그 측정범위의 한계로 인해 적용에 어려움이 있었다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 저압에서 실시간으로 나노입자 크기분포 측정이 가능한 PBMS (particle beam mass spectrometer)를 이용하여 PECVD 내에서 수소가스 펄스를 이용하여 발생되는 실리콘 입자를 공정 변수별로 측정하여 각 변수에 따른 입자 생성 경향을 분석하였다. 실리콘 나노 입자의 측정은 PBMS 장비의 전단 부분을 PECVD 장치 내부에 연결하여 진행하였다. 수소 가스 펄스를 이용한 실리콘 입자 생성의 주요 변수는 RF pulse, $H_2$ pulse, 가스 유량 (Ar, $SiH_4$, $H_2$), Plasma power, 공정 압력 등이 있다. 이와 같이 주어진 변수들의 제어를 통해 생성된 나노입자의 입경분포를 PBMS에서 실시간으로 측정하고, 동일한 조건에서 포집한 입자를 TEM 분석 결과와 비교하였다. 측정 결과 각각의 변수에 대하여 생성되는 입자의 크기분포 경향을 얻을 수 있었으며, 이는 추후 생성 입자의 응용 분야에 적합한 크기 분포 특성을 가지는 실리콘 입자를 제조하기 위한 조건을 정립하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것을 기대할 수 있다.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.275-284
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• 2016

The software used in the nuclear safety field has been ensured through the development, validation, safety analysis, and quality assurance activities throughout the entire process life cycle from the planning phase to the installation phase. However, this evaluation through the development and validation process needs a lot of time and money, and there are limitations to ensure that the quality is improved enough. Therefore, the effort to calculate the reliability of the software continues for a quantitative evaluation instead of a qualitative evaluation. In this paper, we propose a reliability evaluation method for the software to be used for a specific operation of the digital controller in a nuclear power plant. After injecting weighted faults in the internal space of a developed controller and calculating the ability to detect the injected faults using diagnostic software, we can evaluate the software reliability of a digital controller in a nuclear power plant.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2002

Since NUMA architecture has to access remote memory an interconnection network determines the performance of CC-NUMA system Bus which has been used as a popular interconnection network has many limits to build a large-scale system because of the limited physical scalabilty and bandwidth Dual ring interconnection network composed of high speed point-to-point links is made up for resolving the defects of the bus for large-scale system But it also has a problem that the response latency is rapidly increased when many node are attached to snooping based CC-NUMA system with dual ring In this paper we propose a chordal ring architecture in order to overcome the problem of the dual ring on snooping based CC-NUMA system and design and efficient link controller adopted to this architecture. We also analyze the effects of chordal ring architecture on the system performance and the response latency by using probability driven simulator.

• KNOM Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

For meteorological applications, meaningful results must be derived and provided within time and resource limits. Forecasts through numerous historical data are time-consuming and still have resource limitations in the case of disaster safety-related analyses/predictions such as local typhoon forecasts. Suitable forecasts should be provided without any problems caused by limited physical environmental conditions and when results are to be drawn under time constraints, such as typhoon forecasts and forecast services for flooded areas by road. In this paper, we analyze the application of weather and climate forecasting to provide a suitable forecasting service in both temporal and resource conditions. Through the analysis of execution time according to mesh sizes, it was confirmed that a mesh adjustment can cope with the case of the temporal constraint. In addition, by analyzing the execution time through memory resource control, we confirmed the minimum resource condition that does not affect the performance and the resource usage pattern of the application through the swap and mlock analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2001

Shadows are important elements in producing a realistic image. In rendering. generation of the exact shape and position of shadow is crucial in providing the user with visual cues on the scene. While the shadow map technique quickly generates a shadow for the scene wherein objects and light sources are fixed. it gets slow down as they start to move. In this paper. we apply an image-based rendering technique to generate shadows in real-time using graphics hardware. Due to the heavy requirement of storage for a shadow map repository. we use a wavelet-based compression scheme for effective compression. Our method will be efficiently used in generating realistic scenes in many real-time applications such as 3D games and virtual reality systems.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2014

CMOS technology based on PCA is very efficient at an implementation of memory or ALU. However, there has been a growing interest in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) because of the limitation of CMOS scaling. In this paper, we propose a design of PCA architecture based on QCA. In the proposed PCA design, we utilize D flip-flop and XOR logic gate without wire crossing technique, and design a input and rule control switches. In experiment, we perform the simulation of the proposed PCA architecture by QCADesigner. As the result, we confirm the efficiency the proposed architecture.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.621-627
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• 2017

Collaborative filtering is a technique that effectively recommends unrated items for users. Collaborative filtering is based on the similarity of the items evaluated by users. The existing top-N recommendation methods are based on pair-wise and list-wise preference models. However, these methods do not effectively represent the relative preference of items that are evaluated by users, and can not reflect the importance of each item. In this paper, we propose a new method to represent user's latent preference by combining an existing preference model and the notion of inverse user frequency. The proposed method improves the accuracy of existing methods by up to two times.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.7 s.96
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• pp.1427-1434
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• 2004

Database system benchmarks, which are usually evaluated to use the maximized resource in order to get the best results, arc not likely to simulate the real environment. We propose a workload generator that helps benchmarks be executed in the environment similar to a real world. The workload generator can create memory-bound, CPU-bound, and I/O-bound workloads. The workload generator allows users to create an integrated workload. which is similar to a real workload users run across in practice. Finally, we conducted the experiments that the Wisconsin benchmark was performed with the TPC-C and with the workload generation tool, and showed the feasibility of the proposed workload gen-eration tool comparing with two experimental results.