• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2017

As the era of the fourth industrial revolution began, augmented reality showed infinite possibilities throughout society. However, current augmented reality systems such as head-mount display and hand-held display systems suffer from various problems such as weariness and nausea, and thus space-augmented reality, which is a projector-based augmented reality technology, is attracting attention. Spacial augmented reality requires precise tracking of dynamic objects to project virtual images in order to increase realism of augmented reality and induce user 's immersion. The infrared sensor-based precision tracking algorithm developed in this paper demonstrates very robust tracking performance with an average error rate of less than 1.5% and technically opens the way towards advanced augmented reality technologies such as tracking for arbitrary objects, and Socially, by easy-to-use tracking algorithms for non-specialists, it allows designers, students, and children to easily create and enjoy their own augmented reality content.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 2020

This study developed an English conversation learning program in immersive virtual reality (VR) environments and compared its effects with non-immersive VR environment using a computer monitor. The effects of the program was assessed using language anxiety and learning achievement. The results indicated that students' language anxiety decreased significantly after learning English conversation in VR environment, but there was no difference between immersive and non-immersive VR. The two VR conditions also produced similar learning outcomes. Future research on immersive VR need to address cyber sickness problems and develop effective learning contents in order to realize its potential for learning.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 2020

Motion sickness or dizziness caused by visual and other sensory inconsistencies In virtual reality content seems to be a major problem. To solve the problem, research has been actively underway to satisfy the five senses. Among them, the most researches on the touch are many studies on hardness and texture, but the studies on temperature seem relatively small. Therefore, in this paper, we present a calculation model that can sense the temperature derived from the principle of heat energy moving from high temperature to low temperature, not the temperature of the material. Because heat energy is determined by the heat conductivity, temperature, and area of contact, which are the inherent characteristics of a material, the degree of heat felt by a person depends on the type of material, the temperature of the material and the area of contact with the object. The thermal energy shift per unit time of the material was calculated using the thermal conductivity law and the specific heat formula, and the thermal energy reproduction method that changes per unit time of the material was studied using the thermoelectric element.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.329-335
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• 2016

This paper's objective is to investigate the display fatigue quantitatively according to watching 2D and 3D videos on the display. Though it has been known commonly that display fatigue by 3D is greater than one by 2D, there have been few researches with an aim to measure display fatigue scientifically. Flicker fusion frequency and cybersickness degree were measured before/after sixteen subjects(Male 8, Female 8) watch the 2D, 3D images. Two dependent variables affected by 2D and 3D videos were analyzed and compared statistically based on scientific evidences and researches. 3D showed a value 4 times as much as 2D in cybersickness increase rate, and the reduction rate of 3D was 2 times as much as that of 2D.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.985-992
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• 2018

As a result of the recent development and dissemination of HMD equipment, there has been an increase in the development of virtual reality contents. However most of these developments do not take differences of users' cognitive abilities and users' ability to immerse in and connect to these contents into consideration. In this study, we investigated the effects of visual factors of contents by conducting literature reviews, and conducted research on the correlation between visual factors and Virtual reality presence. While color and spatial factors had significant positive effects on content recognition and sense of reality, motion perception factors caused cognitive dissonance, which negatively effects the accurate recognition of contents. We were able to find that accurate recognition of virtual reality contents have a great impact on users' sense of reality.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.529-541
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a semi-automatic segmentation method which can be used to generate video object plane (VOP) for object based coding scheme and multimedia authoring environment. Semi-automatic segmentation can be considered as a user-assisted segmentation technique. A user can initially mark objects of interest around the object boundaries and then the selected objects are continuously separated from the un selected areas through time evolution in the image sequences. The proposed segmentation method consists of two processing steps: partially manual intra-frame segmentation and fully automatic inter-frame segmentation. The intra-frame segmentation incorporates user-assistance to define the meaningful complete visual object of interest to be segmentation and decides precise object boundary. The inter-frame segmentation involves boundary and region tracking to obtain temporal coherence of moving object based on the object boundary information of previous frame. The proposed method shows stable and efficient results that could be suitable for many digital video applications such as multimedia contents authoring, content based coding and indexing. Based on this result, we have developed objects based video editing system with several convenient editing functions.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1293-1300
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• 2018

The $360^{\circ}$ video has a lot of image information and usefulness; however, the position of the audio source judged by hearing is different from the position on the screen. Therefore, human feels tired, the immersion decrease and user cant watch the video for Moreer time. In this paper, the concordance rate of the video and the audio localization is defined. The rate is expressed in a percentage. It means how much the system makes the sound localization real according to the position of the source on the screen. With this rate, the audio localization performance of immersive audio producing and playing system can be evaluated. It will be helpful for developers to make the higher performance system and expected to contribute to make makinguality system with reality.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.876-885
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• 2018

Although e-sports broadcasting market based on VR(Virtual Reality) is growing in these days, technology development for securing market competitiveness is quite inadequate in Korea. Global companies such as SLIVER and Facebook already developed and are trying to commercialize 360 VR broadcasting technology which is able to broadcast e-sports in 4K 30FPS VR video. However, 2D video is too poor to use for 360 VR video in that it brings less immersive experience and dizziness and has low resolution in the scene. this paper, we not only proposed and implemented virtual camera technology which is able to capture in-game space as 360 video with 4K 3D by 60FPS for e-sports VR broadcasting but also verified feasibleness of obtaining stereo 360 video up to 4K/60FPS by conducting experiment after setting up virtual camera in sample games from game engine and commercial games.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2021

In this paper, We propose a study on the construction of an environment for collaboration in mixed reality and a method for working with wearable IoT devices. Mixed reality is a mixed form of virtual reality and augmented reality. We can view objects in the real and virtual world at the same time. And unlike VR, MR HMD does not occur the motion sickness. It is using a wireless and attracting attention as a technology to be applied in industrial fields. Myo wearable device is a device that enables arm rotation tracking and hand gesture recognition by using a triaxial sensor, an EMG sensor, and an acceleration sensor. Although various studies related to MR are being progressed, discussions on developing an environment in which multiple people can participate in mixed reality and manipulating virtual objects with their own hands are insufficient. In this paper, We propose a method of constructing an environment where collaboration is possible and an interaction method for smooth interaction in order to apply mixed reality in real industrial fields. As a result, two people could participate in the mixed reality environment at the same time to share a unified object for the object, and created an environment where each person could interact with the Myo wearable interface equipment.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.211-224
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a way to alleviate motion sickness(MS) by stimulating acupoint through PEMFs, and to assess the effectiveness of PEMFs against stimulation previously used to stimulate acupoint using biosignal evaluations and surveys. Materials and Methods: Thirteen healthy men participated in the experiment. MS was induced in the participants, and MS relief stimulation was applied for 30 minutes. There were 4 types of MS relief stimulation, and Sham, Reliefband, Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS), and Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation(PEMFs) were used. The biosignals were measured during 30 minutes of applying MS relief stimulation, and the symptoms of MS were evaluated through a questionnaire survey. The measured biosignals are Electrocardiogram(ECG), Electrodermal activity(EDA), Respiration, Skin temperature(SKT), and Electrogastrogram(EGG). A one-way ANOVA test was performed for the rate of change by stimulation for MS relief over time. Results: Participants who were stimulated had a sharp decrease in MS symptoms. Biosignals were analyzed to evaluate autonomic nervous system activity, and the parasympathetic nervous system could be activated through stimulation. Conclusion: TENS and PEMFs were more effective in relieving MS symptoms than Reliefband. It is believed that PEMFs will be effective in consideration of the comfort of participants to be applied to actual vehicles, and studies to further verify the effects of PEMFs on MS should be conducted.