• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.297-298
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• 2017

플라비바이러스(Flavivirus)는 모기와 같은 곤충을 매개로 하여 인체에 감염된다고 잘 알려져 있다. 그 대표적인 예로 지카 바이러스(Zika virus), 뎅기 바이러스(Dengue virus), 황열 바이러스(Yellow fever virus), 일본 뇌염 바이러스(Japanese encephalitis virus) 등을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 생물정보학을 기반으로 인체 감염 주요 플라비바이러스인 지카 바이러스, 뎅기 바이러스. 황열 바이러스, 일본 뇌염 바이러스의 총 4종류 플라비바이러스에 공통적으로 적용 가능한 펩타이드 백신 후보를 제시하고자 한다. 먼저 UniProt (The Universal Protein Resource)의 유전자 서열정보를 이용하여 4종류의 바이러스가 가진 단백질 중 백신으로써 적합한 단백질을 선정하였다. 선정된 단백질의 아미노산 서열정보를 바탕으로 IEDB (Immune Epitope Database And Analysis Resource)를 활용한 에피토프(epitope) 분석을 통해 에피토프로 작용하는 4 종류 바이러스의 공통적인 서열을 도출하였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

Mosquitoes are the vectors of a number of viral diseases in cattle, such as Akabane disease, bovine ephemeral fever, Ainovirus infection, Chuzan virus infection, and Ibaraki disease. These diseases are transmitted from an infected animal to a non-infected host via the blood feeding of the vector. In Korea, the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Services, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is responsible for planning, implementation, laboratory investigations and reporting the results of the national surveillance program for mosquito-borne bovine diseases (MBD). The surveillance program, which was started in 1993, focused to determine the seroprevalence of each disease in cattle herds in space and time. From the epidemiological point of view, more important component of the surveillance program is to monitor infection rates in vectors for specific pathogens because this information is essential for a more precise understanding the dynamics of these diseases in a given environment and for determining risk of transmission. The aim of this study was to describe and compare methods for estimation of vector infection rates using maximum likelihood (MLE) and minimum infection rate in pooled samples. Factors affecting MLE such as number of pools, pooling size and diagnostic test performance are also discussed, assuming some hypothetical sampling scenarios for MBD.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.347-348
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• 2018

일본 뇌염 바이러스(Japanese encephalitis virus)는 작은빨간집모기(Culex spp.)를 매개로 사람에게 감염될 수 있으며, 인체에 치명적인 질병을 유발한다. 일본 뇌염 바이러스의 혈청형(serotype)은 1종류이지만, 유전형(genotype)은 5종류(GI, GII, GIII, GIV, GV)로 분류되고 있다. 현재 일본 뇌염 바이러스 백신은 아시아 지역에서 감염 빈도가 높은 유전형 3(GIII)에 대한 백신이며, 사백신(inactivated vaccine)과 약독화 백신(attenuated vaccine)이 주로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 백신의 부작용을 줄이고 한계점을 개선하기 위하여, 생물정보학 데이터베이스를 활용한 접근법을 통해 펩타이드 백신 후보군을 선별하였다. 5가지의 유전형 중에서도 감염 빈도가 가장 높은 유전형 3(GIII) 및 최근 감염빈도가 서서히 늘어나고 있어 주의가 요구되고 있는 유전형 1(GI)을 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 여러 종류의 생물정보학 데이터베이스를 활용하여 백신으로 활용가치가 높은 것으로 보고되고 있는 외피 단백질(envelope protein)에 대한 아미노산 상동성을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 공통 적용이 가능한 동시에 면역원성이 높은 펩타이드 3종을 백신 후보군으로 선별하였다. 더 나아가 이들의 3차원 구조 모델링을 통해 보다 백신으로 활용 가능성이 높은 펩타이드를 최종 도출하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1986

The species composition, population density, and seasonal prevalence of vector mosquitoes in an inland area of Kyungoook Province were studied, based on light trap and human bait trap collections, and the recent patterns of infestation for infective larvae of Brugia malayi in these vector hosts were investigated from May to November in 1985. Nine species in four genera of mosquitoes were collected by light trap, human bait trap, and/or by nets. Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann was the most abundant species collected by light traps during this year. Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles was the second abundant species, and Aedes vexans nipponii (Theobald) ranked third in total abundance. The earlist time when A. sinensis were found was the middle of May. At that time the temperature ranged from $14.3^{circ}{\;}to{\;}22.8^{\circ}C$ and the humidity 53~90 per cent. The month of highest average nightly catch was July, when the temperature was between $21.5^{circ}{\;}and{\;}30.6^{\circ}C$ and the humidity 72~91 per cent. The peak time of biting activity of mosquitoes was different in each month, i.e. between 22:00~23:00 in July, and 20:00"-'21:00 hours in September, when the temperature was between $24.3^{circ}{\;}and{\;}26.5^{\circ}C$ and the humidity 73~88 per cent in the field. While infective larvae of B. malayi were reported to have been found in one species of mosquito in 1975, no larvae were found in any species collected in this survey.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.632-643
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• 2019

In recent years, large scale damages from arbovirus infections by mosquitoes have been reported worldwide due to factors such as change in global climate, increased overseas travel, and increased logistics movement between countries. Among them, Zika virus and dengue virus belonging to genus Flavivirus are representative. In this study, we performed in-depth analyses of the envelope (E) protein that perform essential functions for host infection of Zika virus and dengue virus based on bioinformatics databases. The domain analysis of E protein was performed to determine the type, location, and function, and homology analysis for each domain. From these results, EDIII showing low homology was identified. The homology and immunogenicity of each peptide constituting EDIII were analyzed and three-dimensional structures were modeled. Furthermore, we discussed their biological meaning and how they could be used.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.746-757
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• 2009

국립수의과학검역원과의 공동연구과제(소 아까바네병, 츄잔병, 아이노 바이러스혼합불활화 예방약 산업화)에 의해 실시한 시험을 통하여 소 아까바네병, 츄잔병, 아이노 바이러스병에 대한 예방약인(소 츄잔병, 아까바네병, 아이노병 불활화 혼합오일백신) 면역원성 시험 및 야외에서의 적용시험 등을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 혼합오일백신의 기니픽에 대한 면역원성 시험에서 아까바네 바이러스, 아이노 바이러스 및 츄잔 바이러스에 대한 중화항체가는 시험백신을 3주 간격 2회 접종한 시험구가 무접종 대조구에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 2. 혼합오일백신의 야외농장 3곳의 육성우에 대한 면역원성 시험에서 시험백신을 2회 접종 후 아까바네 바이러스의 항체가는 평균 102배, 115배 및 134배이였으며, 아이노 바이러스의 항체가는 평균 8배, 24배 및 27배로 나타났고, 츄잔 바이러스의 경우에는 3곳의 농장에서 평균 30배, 46배 및 172배로 나타났다. 3. 야외농장 2곳에서 혼합오일백신을 임신우에 2회 접종하였을 때, 중화항체가는 아까바네 바이러스가 평균 64배와 93배를 나타내었고, 아이노 바이러스의 중화항체가는 평균 70배와 96배, 츄잔 바이러스의 중화항체가는 평균 20배와 20배로 나타났다. 4. 혼합오일백신은 임신우에 대한 공격접종시험에서 시험백신을 3주 간격으로 2회 접종 후 3주째의 중화항체가는 아까바네 바이러스가 128$\sim$256배이었고, 아이노 바이러스는 64$\sim$256배로 나타났고, 츄잔 바이러스는 8$\sim$32배이었다. 공격 접종 후 부검 전의 중화항체가는 아까바네 바이러스가 16$\sim$128배로 나타났고, 아이노 바이러스는 32$\sim$128배였으며, 츄잔 바이러스는 4$\sim$16배였다. 혼합오일백신을 임신우에 3주 간격 2회 접종한 뒤 공격접종하여 채혈한 혈청의 면역원성이 무접종 대조군에 비하여 방어효과가 우수하였다. 5. 3롯트의 시험백신을 선정하여 2$\sim$7$^{\circ}C$의 냉암소에 보존하면서 보존 기간별(제조당시, 6개월, 12개월, 15개월, 18개월)로 특성시험, 무균시험 및 안전시험을 실시한 결과, 전 보존기간에 마우스 및 기니픽에 대한 안전성이 인정되었으며, 보존기간별로 시험백신의 기니픽에 대한 면역원성 시험을 실시한 결과, 기니픽의 중화항체가는 15개월까지 지속되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.203-213
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• 1985

The in situ posture of anterior body of Metagonimus yokogawai was observed in experimental metagonimiasis of dog. The metacercariae were collected from naturally infected sweetfish by peptic digestion; a total of 8 dogs was orally infected with 10,000 metacercariae respectively. Two dogs were killed on 3 days, 9 days, 4 weeks and 10 weeks after the infection. The postures of worms in histological section of small intestine and of whole worms collected from the fixed intestinal mucosa were examined by light and scanning electron microscope. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The recovery rates of worms were 42.6% on 3 days, 55.0% on 9 days, 33.2% on 4 weeks and 9. 8% on 10 weeks after the infection respectively. 2. In histological sections of small intestine, most of worms were found at intervillous spaces as ovoid sections of posterior body. However, many worms, especially in 3 day-old worms, revealed protruded anterior body in glandular lumens of crypt. Some sections of anterior body were bifurcated or sacculated. 3. The worms collected from fixed intestinal mucosa under dissecting microscope exhibited a variety of postures. Many worms showed flat shapes with a concavity or curvatures. However, in many worms, the anterior body made a single or multiple protrusions. 4. By SEM observation of protruded anterior body, a longitudinal groove was found. 5. The frequency of worms with protruded anterior body decreased in 9 days, 4 weeks and 10 weeks than in 3 day-old worms. The above findings indicated that the anterior body of juvenile and adult M. yokogawai protruded to lumens of glandular crypt by folding their lateral portions to make a reversible tubelike structure. Frequent multiple protrusions were considered to be made to adapt the microniche of glandular crypts of dog intestine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 2014

Anaplasmosis is a rickettsial zoonosis mediated by blood-sucking arthropods, such as ticks, flies, and mosquitos. Migratory birds are common hosts of ticks that are mediators of anaplasmosis, in particular, the tick infection rate in thrushes (family Turdidae) has been known to be high. The main purpose of this study is to survey the occurrence and prevalence of Anaplasma spp. from the migratory thrushes in Jeju island. We collected blood samples from 6 thrushes rescued at the Jeju Wildlife Rescue Center and from 34 wild-caught thrushes on Mara island which is a satellite island of Jeju. As a result, the nested PCR confirmed that seven out of 40 individuals (17.5%) were infected by Anaplasma spp. and all of them were identified as A. phagocytophilum based on sequences obtained from partial 16S rRNA. All the infected birds were on their northward migration in spring, our results suggest that the Turdidae family, which is a common and abundant migrant group passing through Jeju island, may act a role as active reservoir and disperser of A. phagocytophilum causing potential influx of the zoonotic pathogens from its wintering grounds in lower latitude to the mainland Korea as well as Jeju.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

Because of their specificity to target insects and relatively low toxicity to non-target organisms, insect growth regulators (IGRs) have been regarded as attractive alternatives to chemical insecticides. Commercially available IGRs are classified into juvenile hormone agonists (JHAs), ecdysone agonists (EAs), and chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) according to their mode of action. Recently, JH-mediated interaction of methoprene-tolerant (Met), which is JH receptor, and its binding partners have been replicated in vitro using yeast cells transformed with the Met and FISC/CYC genes of A. aegypti. Using this in vitro yeast two-hybrid β-galactosidase assay, juvenile hormone antagonists (JHANs) have been identified from various sources including chemical libraries, plants, and microorganisms. As juvenile hormone (JH) is an insect specific hormone and regulates development, reproduction, diapause and other physiological processes, JHANs fatally disrupt the endocrine signals, which result in abnormal development and larval death. These results suggested that JHANs could be efficiently applied as IGR insecticides with a broad insecticidal spectrum. This review discuses JH signaling pathway mediated by Met and future prospects of JHANs as environmentally benign IGR insecticides.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.224-264
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• 2010

A brief story of the tale follows : Mokdoryung was a son of an arbor tree and a fairly. When the boy was 7-8 years old, mother-fairy returned to the sky. By using father-tree, Mokdoryung survived from the flood where he saved ants, mosquitos, and a boy with the same age. They arrived on top of the highest mountain, met an old woman with two daughters, worked as servants. With help of insects, Mokdoryung passed the trials, married to a wise daughter and 2 couples became the ancestor of the mankind. Interpretation of the tale starts with amplification of tree which symbolizes Self and Libido. As the son of the tree-spirit and a fairly from the sky, Mokdoryung is a kind of 'divine child' which represents a psychic possibility to understand archetypal nature of unconscious. Adversities of early childhood due to mother's absence regarded as necessary condition for 'divine child' to attain highest good. Flood can be compensation of absence of feminine as well as to bring a new life. The notion of father·tree becomes a kind of life-boat has to do with union of opposite(vertical phallic tree and horizontal feminine boat). Ants and mosquitoes represent upper and lower level of unconsciousness, they mediate divine power. Therefore respecting insects means respecting unconscious, and reward of insects means salvation come from unconscious. The boy saved from the flood presents emergence of psychic energy in its latent unconscious condition to create mental dynamism. The old woman is Great Mother or anima, the controller or guider of unconscious. Working as servants can be an active service for the divine marriage. Trials of separating millet from sand, and finding right direction relate to separatio, means one needs to be separated from unconscious before conunctio, union of opposite. Two sets of couple becoming ancestor of man-kind has to do with number 4 (quaternity) as well as regeneration. Although the tale includes both positive couple (Mokdoryung, wise daugther in east room). and negative couple(shadow side of Mokdoryung, step daughter in west room)as ancestors of mankind, "Good" seems to be more valued than "evil".