• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.291-294
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• 2003

Ring chromosome 21 causes a multitude of phenotypes, ranging from severe abnormalities to normal. The proposed mechanism of ring formation, breakage of both short and long arms of a chromosome with subsequent end to end fusion, remains unproven. We encountered a 4-year-old boy who presented developmental delay, microcephaly, micrognathia, hypertelorism, low-set ears, mild optic nerve hypoplasia, cleft lip and palate, scoliosis and left foot valgus, but normal brain MRI. Chromosome study from peripheral blood showed 46,XY, r(21)(p11.2q22.1) karyotype. The authors report the first case of ring chromosome 21 in Korea with a review of the literature.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

Water extracts of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus (ADA) fruits were used to treat hPBMC to determine the mechanisms for the immunomodulatory effects. The secretion level of various cytokines including Th-1 type (IL-2, L-12, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$) and Th-2 type (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were measured using ELISA. A significant increase of Th-1 type cytokine secretion was observed in the presence of extract while Th-2 cytokine, IL-6 was suppressed. Our results suggest that ADA fruit extract may influence the anticancer immune responses towards a predominance of Th-1 cytokines in the immune system.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1996

In this study, the micronucleus test with peripheral blood using acridine orange coated slides was evaluated in mice treated with mitomycin C(MMC) at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg body weight. The peripheral bloods were obtained at 0, 24, 48 and 72h after treatment. The frequencies of micronucleated reficulocytes(MNRET) in the MMC-treated groups increased dose-dependently, and showed a peak time at 48h after treatment. We also performed the sex differences of MNRET frequency in 0.5 mg/kg MMC treated group, and we observed no sex differences in this experiment. And we evaluated the usefulness of a direct acting clastogen, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and a indirect acting clastogen, benzo(a) pyrene as the positive control in this supravital micronucleus test. They also caused a significant increase in MNRET frequencies. These results suggest that the supravital staining micronucleus test using MNRET can be useful tool to evalulate the quantitative and qualitative assessment of genotoxicity in vivo compared to classical in vivo micronucleus test using bone-marrow cells.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.186-190
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• 2006

Eosinophilic fasciitis(EF) is a very rare clinical syndrome, especially during childhood. It is characterized by diffuse fasciitis and peripheral eosinophilia. Little is known about the pathogenesis of EF, and it is suggested that immunologic alteration may play a role. Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) is known to cause a variety of diseases via immune mechanism. We report a 22 month old boy with EF following EBV infection, which may be associated with pathogenesis of EF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.58-58
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• 1993

면역 조절능이 우수하고 독성이 적은 신물질의 개발을 목표로 하여 초유에 들어있는 면역물질을 검색한 결과 초유로부터 자연 살해 세포의 기능을 활성화시키는 물질을 순수분리 하였다. 이 물질은 초유의 유청으로부터 ammonium sulfate에 의한 침전, DEAE-cellulose ion exchange, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration 등의 방법에 의하여 분리되었으며, 초유의 유청 100ml로부터 최종 수득량은 1.2 mg이었다. 이 물질은 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis에서도 분자량의 변화가 없는 것으로부터 interchain disulfide bond가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 물질은 실온에 방치하거나 또는 37$^{\circ}C$로 가온하면 침전을 형성하고, 생성된 침전물을 4$^{\circ}C$로 냉각시키면 다시 용해되는 특이한 특성을 갖고 있으며, 침전이 형성되는 정도는 농도, 온도 및 이온 강도에 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 침전에 최적 pH는 중성인 것으로 나타났다. 이 물질을 사람의 말초혈액으로부터 분리한 림파구의 배양액에 가하고 18 시간동안 배양한 결과 림파구의 적 백혈병 암세포인 K-562 세포에 대한 자연 살해능이 증가됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 자연살해 세포의 활성화는 1.0 - 0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml의 농도 범위에서 확인되었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.230-234
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• 1997

In vitro effect of cortisol on the proliferation of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) was examined. The MNC was isolated from peripheral blood by a gradient centrifugation with Picoll-Hypaque. The cell proliferation assayed using a noneradioactive 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) kit. The MNC proliferated well in response to either phrtobeRagg$]$utinin-p (PHA-P) or culture supernatant from MNC stimulated with PHA-p. However, these proliferative responses of MNC were not affected by addition of coitisol of 1 to 1,OOfl ng/ml. The addition of cortisol in MNC culture with either PHA-P or corture supernatBnt from MNC stimulated with PHA-P far 4 days wag not also influenced on the viabilities of cultured MNC. In conclusions it was able to assay the cell proliferation with BrdU instead of radioactive isotope e.g. tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR). These results suggested that cortisol does not at least influence on MNC proliferation in vitro.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2006

목적 : 본 연구는 암환자 및 암의 유형에 따라 중요한 종양억제 조절인자로 알려져 있는 모노카인을 flowcytometry를 이용하여 분석, 비교하고자 하였다. 방법 : 연구대상은 고형종양(solid tumor)으로 진단받은 33세에서 76세 사이의 암환자 30명(유방암, 난소암, 폐암, 위암)을 대상으로 말초혈액 단구의 intracellular monokine 중 $TNF{\alpha}$, MIG, MIP를 분석한 유사실험설계 연구이다. 연구결과 : 암환자 군에서의 $TNF{\alpha}$, MIG, MIP 수치는 대조 군인 정상 군에 비해서 유의하게 증가되었으며 특히, 유방암과 난소암 환자 군에서의 $TNF{\alpha}$ 수치는 폐암과 위암의 대상자에 비해 의미 있는 차이를 보여주었다. 논의 : 본 연구에서 제시된 암환자 군에서의 모노카인 수치는 선행연구의 결과와 통일하게 종양 대상자의 면역에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 규명 되었으나, $TNF{\alpha}$는 고형종양 중에서도 여성생식기계 암환자 군에서 더 증가하였다. 이에 따라 종양 유형에 따른 모노카인의 역할과 호르몬과의 상호작용기전 규명에 대한 추후 연구가 필요하다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1512-1518
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• 2002

Purpose : Twins have a higher mortality and morbidity than singletons. Co-twin with one fetal death is particularly at risk. We investigated the neonatal outcome of live co-twins when one fetus had died after the 20th gestational week, and associated risk factors. Methods : A retrospective study was performed in fifteen cases of twin pregnancy with single intrauterine fetal deaths after the 20th gestational week during the period from January 1996 to December 2000 at Chonnam University Hospital. Results : Gestational age was $33.7{\pm}3.2weeks$, birth weight was $1,992{\pm}592g$. Interval between one fetal death being detected and the delivery of a live co-twin was $32.4{\pm}29.5days$. There were 11 cases(73.3%) of premature babies less than 37 gestational weeks. Main causes of preterm delivery were preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. Hematologic findings suggesting disseminated intravascular coagulopathy(DIC) were not found in all mothers before delivery, and was not associated with DIC and encephalomalacia of the live co-twin. Perinatal outcome of fifteen live co-twins was as follows : six were normal(40%), three were DIC(20.0%), three were encephalomalacia(20.0%), one suffered intrauterine growth retardation, there was one case of twin to twin transfusion syndrome, and one of congenital heart disease(atrial septal defect with pulmonary stenosis). The occurrence of DIC and encephalomalacia in live co-twins was not related to placental chorionicity, birth weight, gestational week, and the interval between the detection one fetal death and the delivery of a live co-twin. Conclusion : We could not find any maternal hematologic problems in twin pregnancies complicated by one fetal death. Twenty percent of live co-twins showed DIC and encephalomalacia. However, its associated risk factors were not found. We need to investigate more closely the cases of live co-twins with one intrauterine fetal death.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 1999

Background: Ineffective cell-mediated immune response in human tuberculosis is associated with a depressed Thl cytokine response and reduced production of IFN-$\gamma$. Most persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are healthy tuberculin reactors with protective immunity, but a minority with ineffective immunity develop extensive pulmonary tuberculosis. The cell-mediated immune response is an important aspect of host resistance to mycobacterial infection and is believed to be tightly regulated by a balance between Th1 cytokines including IFN-$\gamma$, IL-12, IL-18, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and Th2 counterparts such as IL-4, monocyte chemoattractant protein-l (MCP-l). Methods: Proliferation and mRNA expression of IFN-$\gamma$, RANTES and MCP-l by RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to in vitro stimulation with mycobacterial antigens were compared in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with cured and treatment failure and in tuberculin-positive and tuberculin-negative healthy subjects. Results: Defective proliferative responsiveness to aqueous TSP antigen was involved with treatment failure tuberculosis patients. Aqueous TSP antigen-induced IFN-$\gamma$ and RANTES mRNA expression was decreased in treatment failure tuberculosis patients compared with healthy tuberculin reactors and cured tuberculosis patients (23.1 % versus 90.0% for IFN-$\gamma$ and 46.2% versus 70.0% versus 46.2% for RANTES). The frequency of MCP-l mRNA expression to aqueous TSP antigen in treatment failure tuberculosis patients was greater than in healthy tuberculin reactors and cured tuberculosis patients (76.9% versus 40.0%). Conclusion: The increasing expression of MCP-1 mRNA in response to aqueous TSP antigen might be predicted to favor Th1 responses and restricted Th1 responses in treatment failure of pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.475-483
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• 1994

Background: N-acetylcysteine(ACE) is used both orally and intravenously in a variety of experimental pathologies resembling human disease states which exhibit endothelial toxicity as a result of oxidative stress, including acute pulmonary oxygen toxicity, septicemia and endotoxin shock. Despite these observations in vivo, it is not certain how this thiol drug produces its protective effects. ACE is a cysteine derivative which is able to direct1y react with oxygen radicals and may also act as a cysteine and glutathione(GSH) precursor following deacetylation. In this paper, we tried to know whether the therapeutic doses of ACE can modify the inflammatory function of the neutrophils and can increase the glutathione level of plasma in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients. In addition, the effect of ACE to the purified neutrophil in terms of superoxide release and glutathione synthesis were observed. Method: Firstly, we gave 600mg of ACE for seven days and compare the release of superoxide, luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence from the neutrophils, neutrophil chemotaxis, and plasma GSH levels before and after ACE treatment in COPD patients. Secondly, we observed the dose dependent effect of ACE to the purified neutrophil's superoxide release and GSH levels in vitro. Results: 1) Usual oral therapeutic doses(600mg per day) of ACE for seven days did affect neither on the neutrophil's superoxide release, chemiluminescence, chemotaxis, nor on the plasma GSH concentration in the COPD patients. 2) ACE decreases the purified neutrophil's superoxide release and increase the GSH production in dose dependent fashion in vitro. Conclusion: Despite the fact that oral ACE treatment did not affect on the neutrophil's inflammatory function and plasma GSH concentration in COPD patients in usual therapeutic doses, it decreases the superoxide release and increases the GSH production from the isolated neutrophils in high molar concentrations. These findings suggest that to obtain an antioxidative effects of ACE, it might be needed to increase the daily dosage of ACE or therapeutic duration or change the route of adminisration in COPD patients.