• MALSORI
• /
• no.4
• /
• pp.31-48
• /
• 1982

This paper describes the rhythmic structure of the Korean standard speech of Seoul in terms of what the writer calls 'Speech Segmentv as the basic unit of the rhythm. The speech segment consists of a 'Nucleus'( a stressed syllable ) with or without one or more weak syllable(s) . The nucleus is always long and the weak syllables are short except the last syllable of the speech rhythm, which may be realized nearly as Long as the nuclear syllable.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.372-377
• /
• 1996

우리나라에서는 리듬을 장단이라고도 한다. 장단은 그 말이 뜻하는 바와 같이 대부분 길고 짧은 음이 모인 부가 리듬형이다. 이것은 서양음악의 분할리듬과 대조되는 것이다. 우리나라 음악의 리듬은 길고 짧은 음이 모여 장단을 이룬다. 그래서 3박은 2+1, 5박은 3+2, 8박은 5+3, 10박은 6+4, 16박은 11+5의 장단이다. 중국음악의 리듬은 대개 1자1음식(syllabic)이다. 그리고 4언1구 5언절귀 7언절귀 등 시형은 여러 가지가 있지만, 대부분 4박으로 부른다. 그래서 한국음악은 중국음악에 비하여 리듬이 복잡하다. 이것은 우리말이 중국어보다 리듬이 복잡하기 때문이다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2021

Nanta means "tapping" using percussion instruments such as drums, which is the rhythm of Samulnori, a tradtional Korean music. Nanta speech rhythm intervention program was developed and applied for the children with limited speech sound production and investigated its effect. Nanta program provided audible stimulation, various sound loudness and beats, and rhythms. Nanta program consists of three stages : Respiration, phonation and articulation with the rhythm. Six children with language development delay participated in this study. Children were encouraged to explore sounds and beats and freely express sounds and beats. Along with the rhythm, children also were encouraged to produce speech sounds by increasing the length of syllables in mimetic and imitating words. A total of 15 sessions were conducted twice a week for 40 minutes per session. For exploring the effectiveness, raw scores from preschool receptive-expressive scales (PRES) and receptive-expressive vocabulary test (REVT) were obtained and compared before and after therapy. The results demonstrated that significantly improved receptive (p=.027) and expressive language scores (p=.024) in PRES and receptive (p=.028) and expressive (p=.028) vocabulary scores following intervention using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.These findings suggest that the nanta rhythm program can be useful for improving language development and vocabulary in children with limited speech sound production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.445-448
• /
• 1997

자율 이동 로봇군은 스스로 주어진 과제를 수행하는 로봇을 말한다. 본 논문에서는 수행과제로서 등간격원을 형성하게 하였다. 이를 수생하기 위한 알고리듬을 고안하였고 여기에 퍼지를 사용하여 알고리듬의 단점을 보완하였다. 이 알고리듬을 가지고 시뮬레이션을 통해 다양한 행동 양식이 나타남을 알 수 있으며, 또한 카오틱 현상이 일어남을 알 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 알고리듬에 대한 소개를 하며 자율 이동 로봇군이 나타내는 다양한 행동을 살펴본다.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2001

This paper proposes an inspection algorithm for micro ball grid array ($\mu$BGA) solder balls. This algorithm is motivated by the difficulty of finding defect balls by human visual inspection due to their small dimensions. Specifically, it is developed herein an automated vision-based inspection algorithm for $\mu$BGA's, which can inspect solder balls not only for so-called two dimensional errors, such as missings, positions and sizes, but also for height errors. The inspection algorithm uses two dimensional images of $\mu$BGA obtained through special blue illumination, and processes them with a rotation-invariant sub algorithm. It can also detect height errors when a two-camera system is available. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient in detecting ball defects compared with the conventional algorithms.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 1993.10a
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 1993

우리말의 표준말에서는 모음의 장단이 낱말의 뜻을 가르는 음운론적 기능을 갖는다. 그러나, 소리의 길이는 음운론적인 장단 뿐 아니라 앞뒤의 소리, 초점, 소리의 위치, 말의 속도 등과 같은 여러 음성언어학적 요소에 의해 결정되어 그 언어의 고유한 리듬을 이룬다. 이 글에서는 우리말 소리의 길이에 영향을 미치는 주요변수를 실험음성학적 결과와 함께 살펴본다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 1998

Autonomous mobile robot agents(AMRAs) are robots which perform a given task by the same distributed self-organizing rules. In this paper, we let them form an equi-distance circle for the task of cooperative behaviors. Here, we suggest an algorithm to perform the taqk and then utilize a fuzzy system to improve the algorithm. It is shown that various cooperative activities appear in the simulation and particularly chaotic behaviors also appear by increasing the robot speed. Moreover, we prove the characteristics of this chaotic behaviors by calculating Lyapunov exponent.

• 건강소식
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.18-20
• /
• 2011

피로(疲勞)의 사전적 의미는 과로로 인해 정신이나 몸이 지쳐 힘든 상태를 말한다. 과도한 업무나 스트레스, 수면부족, 지나친 음주 등으로 인해 신체 리듬이 깨지면 피곤함을 쉽게 느끼게 된다. 대부분 충분한 휴식을 취하면 피곤함이 덜어지는데 휴식을 취해도 1개월 이상 피로가 계속되면 지속성(prolonged)피로, 6개월 이상 지속되면 만성(chronic)피로를 분류된다.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.18 no.2 s.60
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2005

Typography in visual communication design is 'potential form' hidden within a space. Showing rhythm in typography is making 'aesthetic sense' in a graphic which has formative characteristics, the way of expression is very important. When the rhythm is recognized through visual stream, Rhythmic Sense is formed. The research will present a new form of the Visual Rhythmic Sense by analyzing typography works out positively. First of all, I researched works done by Fillippo Marinetti, Robert Massin, Wolfgang Weingart, and David Carson for their vigorous experimentalism in typography in forming visual rhythm. I used S.D. Scale method to analyze characteristics of visual image and VARIMAX for factor analysis reaching types of visual rhythm, which could be classified as following. (1) Synesthesia Rhythmic Sense (R-synesthesia) means that the senses are conveyed through 'visualization of auditory sense' and 'visualization of touch' (2) Simultaneous Rhythmic Sense (R-simultaneity) means that the time and space co-exist in one plane. (3) Connective Rhythmic Sense(R-connection) means that different factors (Within one plane) co-exist interacting with one another and creating a unified impression through such a process. (4) Artist Oriented Rhythmic Sense ($-artist) means that the artist interprets the content subjectively and expresses his/her impression, thereby, attracting a gaze of audience systematically and arbitrarily. (5) Reader Oriented Rhythmic Sense(R-reader) avoids the existing legibility formed through aggressive engagement of the reader.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.8
• /
• pp.985-991
• /
• 2018

Biological clocks are the basis of temporal control of metabolism and behavior. These clocks are characterized by autonomous free-running oscillation and temperature compensation and are found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. To date, various biological clocks have been reported. These include clocks governing hibernation, sleep/wake, heartbeat, and courtship song. These clocks can be differentiated by the period of rhythms, for example, infradian rhythms (> 24-hr period), circadian rhythms (24-hr period), and ultradian rhythms (< 24-hr period). In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), at least five different autonomous oscillations have been reported; (1) glycolytic oscillations (T = 1~30 min), (2) cell cycle-dependent oscillations (T = 2~16 hr), (3) ultradian metabolic oscillations (T = 15~50 min), (4) yeast colony oscillations (T = a few hours), and (5) circadian oscillations (T = 24 hr). In this review, we discuss studies on oscillators, pacemakers, and synchronizers, in addition to the application of biological clocks, to demonstrate the nature of autonomous oscillations, especially ultradian metabolic oscillations of S. cerevisiae.