• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.35 no.3 s.138
• /
• pp.189-193
• /
• 2004

In order to find some lead compounds for the treatment of opportunistic infections of malaria and pathogenic microbes, an undescribed Indonesian sponge Agelas sp. collected at Manado, Indonesian Waters, was suggested containing active compounds. Crude ethanolic extract of the sponge exhibited significant in vitro antimalarial and antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (D6 colne) with $IC_{5O}$ values of $8\;{\mu}/ml$ and against pathogenic microbes such as Candida albicans $(150\;{\mu}/ml)$, Cryptococcus neoformans $(<20\;{\mu}/ml)$, Staphylococcus aureus $25\;{\mu}/ml$, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus $(<20\;{\mu}/ml)$, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa $(<20\;{\mu}/ml)$. Active compound (5.0 mg) was isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the sponge and purified by using silica gel and ODS column, successively. Active compound was elucidated as dibromosceptrin $(C_{22}H_{24}Br_2N_{10}O_2)$ by detailed analysis of FTESI-MS and comparison of $^1H,\;^{13}C$, DEPT and HMQC NMR spectral data with those reported.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.288-292
• /
• 1997

Malaria is a febrile disease caused by protozoan parasites, genus Plasmodium. In Korea., indigenous malaria has been believed to be eradicated by 1984, and, thereafter, all of the reported cases were imported malaria. But since the first case report of re-emerging indigenous malaria in 1993, increasing number of cases were reported reaching more than 350 cases in 1996. However, indigenous malaria in children has not been reported yet. We experienced two cases of indigenous malaria in sisters who were 7 and 5 years old, respectively. Elder sister was presented with periodic fever, splenomegaly and mild headache. She had been to Guam before 4 months of the onset of symptoms. Younger sister was suffered from fever and splenomegaly and has not been abroad. They were diagnosed by examination of peripheral blood smear to be infected with Plasmodium vivax and were treated with hydroxychloroquine and primaquine successfully. These cases are believed to be first re-emerging cases of indigenous malaria in children, and malaria should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained febrile children.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.282-287
• /
• 1997

Malaria due to Plasmodium vivax had been known as an indigenous protozoan disease in Korea. However, massive use of insecticides and improvement of sanitation for several decades have led to rapid reduction of malaria incidence, then it was recognized to have been almost eradicated in recent years. However in 1993, one case was reported in Phajoo, Kyungki-do, and then, reported cases have been increasing annually. Recently we encountered one case of malaria in a 3 year old male child living in Dorim-dong, Seoul, who had never been abroad and had no history of transfusion, drug abuse, and travel to endemic area in Korea. He had characteristic fever, chill and splenomegaly and was confirmed as Plasmodium vivax malaria with peripheral blood smear finding. He was successfully treated with hydroxy chloroquine and primaquine. We report this case with brief review of related literature.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2019

An acoustofluidic device using conductive liquid-based electrodes was developed for malaria parasite separation from white blood cells. In this device, the electrode channels filled with a conductive liquid were used to generate standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) in a fluidic channel, which can overcome the limitation of conventional patterned metal electrodes. Separation performance of the device was evaluated using fluorescent polystyrene particles with two different sizes (2 and $10{\mu}m$ diameters), which were successfully separated. In addition, a mixture of malaria parasites and white blood cells were also efficiently separated with high purity of ~98% in the CL-SSAW device at the flow rate of $12{\mu}l/min$.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.281-284
• /
• 1994

On .lune and .truly 1994, two cases of vivax wl,Blaria were consecutively diagnosed at the Yongsan Hospital, Chung-Ang University in Seoul. The first patient was a soldier sewing in western parts of the demilitarized zone (DMZ) while the second case was a resident of a village near DMZ. Neither patients had history of being abroad. Republic of Korea (ROK) has been free of malaria since the mid-1970s except for imported cases. The two ivfn malaria cases, together with an additional patient detected in 1993, occurred in relatively small areas near DMZ. This necessitated an epidemiologic surveillance. When medical records and blood smears in the areas were examined, no other cases were found. Of 7,723 mosquitoes collected by a black light trap for ho nights in June, 7,066 (91.5%) were Anopheles sinensis. In order to evaluate a significance of the recent malaria occurrence, a surveillance system should be operated in the areas.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.44-48
• /
• 2012

In this study, whether Giemsa staining solution can accurately determine bacterial contamination of liquid spawn for Flammulina velutipes in a short period of time was investigated. Giemsa solution staining cells of blood, bone marrow, lymph node, malaria parasites, rickettsia et al. was prepared by dissolving basic methylene azul and methylene blue, and acidic eosine in methyl alcohol-glycerine. Supernatant samples of Flammulina velutipes liquid spawn cultured under explosive aeration were placed on a slide, mixed with Gimesa solution and examined with optical microscope after staining. In 40 to 60 seconds bacterial cells were distinguishable from soybean meal residual and hyphal cell fragments. Thus we conclude that microscopy using Gimesa staining solution is a quick, simple and accurate method for the mushroom growers to effectively use to detect bacterial contamination of the liquid spawn.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.301-312
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to establish the epidemic model to explain the process of disease spread. The process of disease spread can be classified into two types: deterministic process and stochastic process. Most studies supposed that the process follows the deterministic process and established the model using the ordinary differential equation. In this article, we try to build the disease spread prediction model based on the SIR (Suspectible - Infectious - Recovered) model. we first estimated the model parameters using least squared method and applied to a deterministic model using ordinary differential equation. we also applied to a stochastic model based on Gillespie algorithm. The methods introduced in this paper are applied to the data on the number of cases of malaria every week from January 2001 to March 2003, released by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. As a result, we conclude that our model explains well the process of disease spread.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2003

Seasonal fluctuations in density of mosquito species were investigated at two cow sheds near to a large, reedy marsh with fairly polluted brackish water near the coast of Yongam-ri, Cheongryang-myon, Ulsan, Korea. Female mosquitoes were collected biweekly using Nozawa light traps from March to September, from 1999 to 2001. On average, 4,416.1, 5,505.9 and 6,863.8 females per trap night were collected from 10 species in 5 genera in 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively. Among them, An. sinensis was most abundant (53.4% in species ratio), followed by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (43.0%), Cx. inatomii (1.6%), Ochlerotatus dorsalis (1.3%) and Cx. pipiens pallens (0.5%). A malaria vector, An. sinensis and a Japanese encephalitis vector, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were collected 3,663.3 females and 3,142.5 females per trap night from June to September for the years, respectively. According to the biweekly population changes at the area, Cx. inatomii which was dominant species in 1997, was the most abundant in the early July during 1999-2001.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.888-895
• /
• 1998

Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. Plasmodium falciparum, accounting for nearly all malaria mortality, kills an estimated 1 to 2 million persons yearly and has several features that make it deadlist of malarias. While cerebral malaria is the most common presentation of severe disease, acute lung injury associated with malaria is uncommon but serious and fatal complication. We report two cases of severe malaria with ARDS and multi-organ failure. All two patients traveled to foreign countries, Kenya, Papua New Guinea where choroquine-resistant malaria is distributed. The first case, which developed cerebral malaria, hypoglycemia, multi-organ failure, and ARDS, treated with quinine and mechanical ventilator, but expired due to oxygenation failure. Autopsy showed acute necrotizing infiltration, diffuse eosinophilic fibrinoid deposits along the alveolar space, and alveolar macrophage with malaria pigment The second case also developed multi-organ failure, followed by ARDS, and was treated with quinine, exchange transfusion, plasmapheresis, and mechanical ventilator. He recovered with residual restrictive lung change after treatment.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.293-297
• /
• 1997

Malaria, caused by any of four species of protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, is charaterized by high fever, anemia and splenomegaly. Although malaria is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, in Korea indigenous malaria has been believed to be eradicated by 1984. However, since the case report of native malaria in 1993, reported cases have been increased annually, reaching more than 300 cases in 1996. We experienced a 2 years-old male with fever, severe anemia and splenomegaly who resided in Inchon city. He had the history of travelling to the area (Yunchon) near western Demilitarized Zone for 1 month this summer. After more than 2 weeks without special attention, he was presented with pallor, anemia and splenomegaly. He was diagnosed to have malaria by Plasmodium vivax with the help of peripheral blood smears which showed various forms of malaria, i.e., ring form, trophozoites, shizonts and gametocytes. He was treated successfully with hydroxychloroquine and primaquine. We report this case with brief review of related literature.