• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.132
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• pp.26-28
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• 2000

당이 있으면 신장사용료를 지급해야 한다. 즉, 무언가 대가를 치러야한다는 뜻이다. 미국에서는 말기 신부전증의 원인질환으로 당뇨병성 신장질환이 36$\%$로서 가장 높은 것으로 보고되었으며, 한국에서는 만성 사구제신염 다음으로 가장 많은 원인 질환으로 되어 있지만 그 비율이 증가하는 추세이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.835-839
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• 1999

Since the first report of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with end-stage renal disease in 1974, numerous reports have documented the feasibility of CABG in patients with chronic renal diseases. Patients with chronic renal failure often have comorbid disorders such as hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, each with their own complications and associated impact on both short and long-term survivals. In addition, infection and sepsis have been identified as significant causes of morbidity and mortality in most series of patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing cardiac surgical procedure. As a result of these and other factors such as perioperative volume and electrolyte disturbances, patients with chronic renal failures are at an increased risk of complication and mortality after CABG. We report 3 cases of "Off-pump" CABG in the chronic renal failure patients. patients.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.184
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• pp.19-23
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• 2005

당뇨병성 신증은 초기에 진단하여 이를 치료하는 것이 중요하다. 일단 알부민뇨가 300mg/day 이상이면 일반뇨 검사시 단백뇨로 검출되는데, 이러한 환자는 결국 말기 신부전증으로 진행되기 때문이다.

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.12a
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• pp.38-38
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• 1998

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.261
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• pp.18-21
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• 2011

만성신부전증 환자 절반가량에서 당뇨병이 원인인 것으로 드러나면서 당뇨병성 신증에 대한 심각성이 제기되고 있다. 당뇨병에 의한 말기신부전은 생명을 이어가려면 투석과 신장이식이 불가피한 질병으로 일상에 불편을 가져오는 것은 물론 결국 사망에 이르게 하는 치명적인 질환이다. 중앙대학교 병원 신장내과 유석희 교수는 "당뇨로 인한 반성신부전은 다른 원인으로 인해 발생하는 신부전보다 생존율이 낮다"며 "당뇨병이 오래된 환자일수록 신장합병증이 발병률이 높아지는데, 당뇨병환자가 늘 혈당관리에만 매달리다보면 신장기능이 나빠지는 신호를 놓칠 수 있다"고 전했다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.261
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• pp.16-17
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• 2011

당뇨병성 신증은 당뇨병의 제 3대 합병증 중 하나로 당뇨병환자가 사망하게 되는 주요 원인중 하나이다. 신장합병증의 경우 당뇨병환자의 약 30%에게서 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 발생 후 말기신부전증까지 진행이 되면 투석을 받아야 하기 때문에 환자들이 두려워하는 합병증 중 하나이며, 삶의 질적인 면에서도 손상이 커 혈당조절이 안정적으로 관리해서 신장합병증에 걸리지 않도록 예방하는 것이 가장 중요하다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.259
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• pp.17-21
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• 2011

당뇨병성 신증은 당뇨병의 대표적인 합병증으로 지속적인 고혈당으로 인하여 신장에 있는 미세혈관이 손상을 받아 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 신장의 기능부전을 초래하는 합병증을 말한다. 현재 국내에서 말기신부전증을 일으키는 가장 흔한 질환이 당뇨병이다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.216
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• pp.19-23
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• 2007

신장내과를 전문 과목으로 선택하여 대학병원에서 10여년 가까이 환자를 진료하면서 아침에 회진을 할 때면 저는 전공의 들에게 "어제 입원한 환자는 당뇨병성 신증 환자인가"라고 먼저 묻는 경우가 많습니다. 그 이유는 당뇨병으로 합병된 신장병, 혹은 당뇨병환자에서 혈관질환과 감염 질환이 동반될 경우 치료도 어렵고 임상 경과가 악성 경과를 밟으며 예후가 좋지 않기 때문입니다. 또한 당뇨병으로 인한 말기 신부전증이 최근 무섭게 증가되고 있기 때문이기도 합니다. 따라서 당뇨병성 신증의 조기 발견과 적절한 치료는 아무리 강조해도 지나침이 없습니다. 저는 여기서 최근 가장 가슴이 아팠던 사례를 간단히 소개하고 당뇨병성 신증의 원인, 예방과 치료를 서술하고자 합니다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 2000

Purpose : We analyzed the demogaphic data md clinical course of Korean children with chronic renal failure (CRF) observed between 1990 and 1999. Patients and Methods : Questionnaires were mailed to all children's hospitals ail through the country. We asked for primary renal disease age and serum creatinine levels at first presentation with CRF and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and modes of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Results : 401 children (254 boys, 147 girls) with CRF, defined as a permanent increase of serum creatinine above 1.2 mg/dl for at least 3 months or until death, were identified. This represents an incidence of 3.68 per million child population per year. Of these patients, 22$\%$ on younger than 5 years, 28$\%$ 5 to 10 years and 50$\%$ 10 to 15 year. Eight five $\%$ of the patients could be classified with a primary renal disease. The most frequent cause is glomerulonephritis (36$\%$), followed by chronic pyelonephritis (21$\%$), renal hrpo/dylplasia (9$\%$), and hereditary nephropathies (7$\%$). Reflux nephropathy (16$\%$) was the most common single cause of CRF. ESRD was reached in 70$\%$ of all patient. 99.3$\%$ of these started RRT. Hemodialysis (HD, 42$\%$), peritoneal dialysis (PD, 35$\%$) and transplantation (TP, 23$\%$) were performed as the initial mode of RRT. A total of 161 TPs were performed (159 first grafts, 2 second grafts). A total of 32 patients died. The main causes of death were dialysis related complication in HD patients and infections in PD patients. Survival rate on any form of RRT was 88.7$\%$ during the mean follow-up period of 37 months. Conclusion Major efforts should be directed toward earlier diagnosis and treatment of reflux nephropathy to prevent occurrence of Of. Dialysis and TP have now become well accepted forms of treatment in Korean children with ESRD.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.213-225
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the Effect of Hand Reflexology on Saeng-chi of physiologic, emotional & motivational responses and Immunity in ESRD patients who received hemodialysis in two general hospital from June to September. 2001 A two group quasi-experimental research with pre and post test design was used. The number of participants in the experimental group was 23, and in the control group, 20 The Hand Reflexology Intervention was developed by the researcher based on hand reflexology by Carter & Weber and Chi-massage by Chia. The Hand Reflexology was applied to both hands for 10 minutes per day. and 5 days by 5 times. To evaluate the effects of the program, Pre and Post evaluations were done. In the physiologic response, the PR was decreased at the 1st times post treatment and at the 5th. In addition BP was decreased at the 1st time, but not the 5th. After 5 treatments, there were significant increase in Hb and significant decreases in the BUN and Cr. levels in the experimental group. In the emotional and motivational responses, there were significant increases in vigor, mood, uplifts and self care agency scores in the experimental group, but there was no significant difference in the Rosenberg's self esteem score. In the experimental group, significantly increased CD4, and h/s ratios were found, also NK cells were significantly decreased, and there was a decrease in the CD8. However, no significant differences between groups were observed. There were significant increases in CD32, CD33, CD34 in the experimental group. The self care agency score correlated negatively with the CD8. From the above results, Hand Reflexology is shown to be an effective mind-body nursing intervention for enhancing Saeng-chi responses and affecting some of the immune responses. However, Immune cell activation and differentiation with hand reflexology will be achieved with future study.