• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2021

This study was a retrospective descriptive study to identify frequency and change of palliative care provided for older patients with terminal stage of cardiopulmonary disease before and after life-sustaining treatment (LST) decision making. As a result of chart review of 124 older patients in a university hospital, oral analgesics medication, cold and hot therapy for pain management, antibiotics medication and urine culture for urinary infection, oral care, hair wash, and partial bath were provided significantly less after LST decision making. Provision of praying and relaxation therapy for pain control, oral and nasal care, and emotional care were not changed before and after LST decision making. Spiritual care was the least provided care. Therefore, non-pharmacological pain management, emotional care, and spiritual care need to be improved for older patients with terminal cardiopulmonary disease at the end of life.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2005

Purpose: This study is to examine the effect of electrical muscle stimulation therapy on chronic knee pain for aged. Method: Design was randomized one-group pretest-posttest design. Samples were total 15 elderly on 60 years old and above with chronic knee pain. Measures were S-F McGill Pain Questionnaire and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale for knee pain. Electrical muscle stimulation therapy, experimental treatment was applied on chronic knee pain for 4 weeks, 3 times/week, 15 min/time. Data were collected from half March 2005 to May 2005. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 12 version. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of general characteristics in sample, and paired t-test was used to analysis the effect of electrical muscle stimulation therapy. Results: After receiving the electrical muscle stimulation therapy chronic knee pain was significantly decreased (t=-29.163, P=.000 in S-F MPQ; t=-37.005, P=.000 in AIMS). Conclusion: Electrical muscle stimulation therapy can be a better effective primary nursing intervention on chronic knee pain for aged in community.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.206-216
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• 2015

Majority of the seniors living in nursing homes suffer from persistent chronic pain, which may cause depression and compromised quality of life if untreated. The environment should support them to lift their focus from current pain and worries to the positive feelings and the delight of life. The purpose of this research is to classify the healing environment elements for positive distraction, and analyze 6 international cases to see the current situation. The elements were categorized as follows, based on literature review from both healing spaces and elderly care field: spatial elements(view, natural elements, artificial elements, exercise space, garden), psychological elements(grooming area, space for privacy, meal/drink area, elements for recollection, religious space), social elements(common living area, activity/hoppy room, family/visitor area, information area, local community program space). Analysis on 6 facilities showed that each elements were reflected to designed relatively well. New inventions from workers who think distraction is important were also introduced. Healing environment for positive distraction requires delicate touch, derived from understanding characteristics and situation of the residing elderly individuals. Technology update is also significant, from audio books to virtual reality devices, since cultural life of nursing home is far behind from what the others enjoy now.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.298-310
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• 2023

Purpose: This study synthesized the literature on non-pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in older adults in long-term care facilities. Methods: Scoping review and thematic analysis methods were combined. On June 1, 2023, searches of primary electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL DBpia, KMbase, NDSL, and RISS, were performed, restricting the publication date from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022. Guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used as a framework to set and conduct the scoping review. Results: The review identified 1,095 abstracts, from which 14 studies were included in the review. Consequent to the study, there were 10 randomized controlled experimental study designs, and 6 out of 14 studies were conducted in China. The numeric rating scale was widely used for pain assessment. Exercise intervention was provided in 7 studies and physiotherapy was provided in three studies. The outcome variables measured were pain self-efficacy, physical functions, and depression. Conclusion: This comprehensive overview guided nursing staff in long-term care facilities for planning and intervention of effective non-pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in the elderly.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the status of visiting nurses assessment and management of chronic musculoskeletal pain in older adults. Methods: The subjects of this study were 285 visiting nurses working at 24 public health centers located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Gangwon-do. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from June to July, 2008. The SPSS/WIN 13.0 program was used for data analysis. Results: Of the visiting nurses, 195 (77.4%) reported lack of pain education for nurses. The education of exercise (83.3%) was used most frequently by nurses as a pain intervention. Barriers to effective pain management were inadequate pain management guidelines and lack of pain education for nurses. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop evidence-based nursing interventions for pain management and to develop systematic educational programs for visiting nurses management of chronic musculoskeletal pain.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.377-385
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• 2006

Purpose: This study were to examine the relationship among chronic pain, pain beliefs, pain coping, and fatigue and to define the main factors influencing chronic pain in the elderly. Method: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 276 Korean elderly. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: Chronic pain score was 5.45, which was slightly higher than the average. There were significant differences in chronic pain according to age, marital state, economic state, and duration of pain. There was a significant positive correlation between chronic pain and pain beliefs, passive pain coping, physical fatigue and mental fatigue. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between chronic pain and active pain coping. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 44% of the variance in chronic pain was significantly accounted for by passive pain coping(31%), pain beliefs(8%), physical fatigue(4%), and active pain coping(1%). Conclusion: These results suggested that pain beliefs, pain coping, and fatigue can be influencing factors on chronic pain for the elderly. Also, the findings can provide a basis for nursing intervention development to effectively manage chronic pain for the elderly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.389-394
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise program on fall-related physical fitness and pain response in elderly people. Fall-related physical fitness consisted of the 7 performance test items by Senior Fitness Test Manual. Pain response was measured by visual analog scale (VAS sore: 0=no pain, 10=extremely unsatisfactory). The combined exercise program was performed for about one hour per day, 4 times a week over a period of 10 weeks. As the result of this study, flexibility, agility, and right balance were significantly increased. The various characteristics of pain were considerably improved on pain symptom, leg pain when walking, pain symptom when sitting, and pain symptom in daily living. In conclusion, there has been a substantial improvement in 10 weeks by combined exercise program.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.92-103
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods: The data were collected from 307 older adults aged 65 years or older with chronic musculoskeletal pain, who visited senior welfare centers in two cities. We used self-rated questionnaires including NRS for pain, WHOQOL-BREF for quality of life, Pain Response Inventory for coping responses to pain, and MSPSS for social support. Stepwise multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 to identify factors affecting the study subjects' quality of life. Results: The regression model explained 43% of quality of life, which was statistically significant (F=34.11, p<.001). Educational level of high school (${\beta}=.13$, p=.006), pain (${\beta}=-.13$, p=.013), restriction of function (${\beta}=-.13$, p=.028), accommodative pain coping (${\beta}=.24$, p<.001), family support (${\beta}=.18$, p<.001), colleague's support (${\beta}=.25$, p<.001), and perceived health status (${\beta}=.25$, p<.001) were identified as influential factors on subjects' quality of life. Conclusion: Developing integrative interventions is necessary to improve accommodative pain coping skills and to engage family and colleague in support for positive perception of older adults' health status and management of symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.402-411
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to examine differences in chronic pain, pain coping, and depression according to attributions of somatic symptoms among the elderly. Method: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 195 persons age 65 or over. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Scheffe's test were used to analyze the data. Results: There were statistically significant differences in chronic pain among the elders according to educational level and duration of pain, and in passive coping according to gender, physical function and duration of pain. There were statistically significant differences among the elders in active coping according to amount of spending money, in depression according to age, educational level, amount of spending money, and physical function. There also were statistically significant differences in chronic pain, pain coping, and depression according to attributions of somatic symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that elders who have somatic attributions are incline to complain more severe chronic pain, to cope passively, and to manifest more severe depression than elders who have normalizing attributions. Continuous research is needed to improve effective nursing interventions for attributions of somatic symptoms among elders.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate differences in pain, pain interference, and fatigue, according to the level of physical activity in the elderly with chronic pain. Methods: Data were collected between January and March 2011 from 116 elders with chronic pain living in community settings. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program for descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. The reliability of the instruments was tested with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, which ranged from .91 to .93. Results: The results were as follows. The mean total physical activity was 2287.4 MET-min/week, and 41.4% of the investigated subjects were classified into the low physical activity group. After adjusting for age and sex, the moderate and high physical activity groups were significantly lower in pain (F=6.33, p=.002), pain interference (F=11.57, p<.001), and fatigue (F=3.16, p=.046) than the low physical activity group. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that the level of physical activity can influence pain, pain interference and fatigue. Therefore, incorporating more physical activities into daily routines, inactive elderly individuals may improve their pain, pain interference and fatigue.