• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we propose an improved anisotropic diffusion model for micro-crack detection in heterogeneously textured surface of polycrystalline solar wafers. Due to the nature of the image sensor, the gray-level of the diagonal micro-crack is non-uniform. Thus, the conventional algorithms can't fully detect diagonal micro-cracks when the number of iteration is not enough. However, the increasing of the iteration number leads to increase computation time and detects micro-crack thicker than the original micro-crack. In order to overcome this drawback, we use the gradient of north, south, east, and west directions as well as extended directions. To calculate the diffusion coefficients, we compare the gradients of conventional directions and extended directions and apply the larger gradient values to the coefficient function. This is because the proposed method reflects the information of diagonal micro-crack. Comparing to Tsai et al.'s and Ko and Rheem's, the proposed algorithm shows superior efficiency in detecting the diagonal micro-cracks with less iterations in the images of polycrystalline solar wafers. In addition, it also shows that the thickness of segmented micro-crack is similar to the orignal micro-crack.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2016.11a
• /
• pp.169-169
• /
• 2016

크롬산 용액에 황산을 촉매로 하여 Sargent에 의해 개발된 크롬도금은 경도, 내식성, 내마모성 등의 특성이 우수하다. 이로 인해 장식용 박막 도금뿐만 아니라 경질의 후막 도금층을 형성이 가능함으로써 기계 부품류를 비롯한 산업 전반에 걸쳐 폭넓게 적용되고 있다. 이러한 크롬도금이 적용된 소재부품에 대해 장수명화와 더불어 가혹한 환경에서의 사용요구가 점차 증가하고 있으며, 이를 위해서는 보다 더 우수한 내식성과 기계적 물성을 확보해야할 필요성이 높다. 한편 경질 크롬 도금의 내식성과 관련해 도금 과정에서 발생하는 마이크로 크랙에 의해 제품의 내식성의 한계를 나타내게 된다. 본 연구에서는 내식성이 우수할 뿐만 아니라 표면 경도가 우수한 도금층을 얻기 위해 도금 전류 조건으로 펄스 전류를 적용하는 방안을 시도한 것으로 펄스전류를 적용하여 경질크롬도금 시 크랙 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 도금욕은 일반적인 경질크롬도금에 사용되는 Sargent 욕을 이용하였고, duty ratio를 조절하여 전류 조건 변화에 따른 단면 내 크랙의 수 변화를 관찰하여 최적의 전류 조건을 도출하였다. 그리고 도출된 전류 조건을 이용해 도금 두께에 따른 크랙 수 변화를 관찰하였고, 이때의 경도를 측정하였다. 또한 XRD 분석을 통해 도금 전류 조건 및 시간 변화에 따른 결정구조 변화를 확인하였다. 실험결과 펄스 전류를 적용하는 경우, 기존 직류 적용 시에 비해 크랙 발생을 현저하게 감소시킬 수 있었으며, 사실상 크랙프리(Crack free) 도금이 가능하였다. 또한 크랙의 감소와 함께 경도 저하가 나타나게 되나 펄스 전류 인자의 최적화에 따라 이러한 경도 저하 현상의 최소화가 가능하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.724-730
• /
• 2006

Fracture behavior of brittle solids is closely related to microcracking. A meso-scale analysis method using the natural element method is proposed for the analysis of brittle microcracking solids. The microcracking is assumed to occur along Voronoi edges in the Voronoi diagram generated using the nodal points as the generators. The mechanical effect of microcracks is considered by controlling the material constants in the neighborhood of the microcracks. The meso-analysis method is applied to the simulation of the microcracking behaviors of brittle solids subjected to tensile macrostress. The method is also applied to the analysis of the propagation of a macrocrack accompanied by the coalescence with microcracks formed near the macrocrack-tip.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.356-361
• /
• 2013

Microcapsules of two different self-healing agents, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) and ENB with a crosslinker, surrounded by a melamine-urea-formaldehyde shell were manufactured. In this work, a red dye was incorporated into the self-healing agents as a tracer for better visual observations. It revealed that the incorporation of a red dye into self-healing agents did not disturb the formation of microcapsules from the examination of thermal resistance, particle size/size distribution and morphology of the resulting microcapsules. Releasing of self-healing liquid into the induced crack from ruptured microcapsules and filling between crack planes were observed using an optical microscope. Also observed was the reaction of filled healing agent with embedded Grubbs' catalyst in an epoxy coating layer.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.17 no.2 s.86
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2005

HPFRCC(High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite) is a class of FRCCs(Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites) that exhibit multiple cracking. Multiple cracking leads to improvement in properties such as ductility, toughness, fracture energy, strain hardening, strain capacity, and deformation capacity under tension, compression, and bending. These improved properties of HPFRCCs have triggered unique and versatile structural applications, including damage reduction, damage tolerance, energy absorption, crack distribution, deformation compatibility, and delamination resistance. These mechanical properties of HPFRCCs become different from the kinds and shapes of used fiber, and it is known that the effective size of fiber in macro crack is different from that in micro crack. This paper reports an experimental findings on the mechanical properties of HPFRCCs reinforced with the micro fiber(PP50, PVA100 and PVA200) and macro fiber(PVA660, SF500). Uniaxial compressive tests and three point bending tests are carried out in order to compare with the mechanical properties of HPFRCCs reinforced with micro fibers or hybrid fibers such as compressive strength, ultimate bending stress, toughness, deformation capacity and crack pattern under bending, etc.,

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2007

Fracture behavior of brittle solids such as rocks, ceramics and concrete is closely related to microcracking. A meso-scale analysis method using the natural element method is proposed for the analysis of material damage of brittle microcracking solids. The microcracking is assumed to occur along Voronoi edges in the Voronoi diagram generated using the nodal points as the generators. The mechanical effect of microcracks is considered by controlling the material constants in the neighborhood of the microcracks. The proposed meso analysis method is applied to the simulation of the microcracking behaviors of brittle solids subjected to uniaxial and biaxial macrostress. The obtained results are in good agreement with the results by computational damage mechanics model. The validity of the proposed method has been demonstrated by these numerical examples.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.463-470
• /
• 2015

Solar cell is typical representative of renewable green energy. Silicon wafer contributes about 66 percent to its cost structure. In its manufacturing, micro-cracks are often occurred due to manufacturing process such as wire sawing, grinding and cleaning. Their detection and classification are important to process feedback information. In this paper, a classification method of micro-cracks is proposed, based on the fusion of principal component analysis(PCA) and neural network. The proposed method shows that it gives higher results than single application of two methods, in terms of shape and size classification of micro-cracks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.33 no.9
• /
• pp.715-721
• /
• 2016

In this paper, the classification rate of micro-cracks in silicon wafers was improved using a SVM. In case I, we investigated how feature data of micro-cracks and SVM parameters affect a classification rate. As a result, weighting vector and bias did not affect the classification rate, which was improved in case of high cost and sigmoid kernel function. Case II was performed using a more high quality image than that in case I. It was identified that learning data and input data had a large effect on the classification rate. Finally, images from cases I and II and another illumination system were used in case III. In spite of different condition images, good classification rates was achieved. Critical points for micro-crack classification improvement are SVM parameters, kernel function, clustered feature data, and experimental conditions. In the future, excellent results could be obtained through SVM parameter tuning and clustered feature data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2006

A meso-scale analysis method using the natural element method, which is a kind of meshless method, is proposed for the analysis of material damage of brittle microcracking solids such as ceramic materials, concrete and rocks. The microcracking is assumed to occur along Voronoi edges in the Voronoi diagram generated using the nodal points as the generators. The mechanical effect of microcracks is considered by controlling the material constants in the neighborhood of the microcracks. The macro elastic moduli of anisotropic as well as isotropic solids containing a number of randomly distributed microcracks are calculated in order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.716-723
• /
• 2006

A meso-scale analysis method using the natural element method is proposed for the analysis of material damage of brittle microcracking solids. The microcracking is assumed to occur along Voronoi edges in the Voronoi diagram generated using the nodal points as the generators. The mechanical effect of microcracks is considered by controlling the material constants in the neighborhood of the micorcracks. The macro elastic moduli of isotropic solids containing a number of randomly distributed microcracks are calculated considering the effect of microcrack closure to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.