• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1990

Propyl gallate used as an antioxidant was examined for its effects on murine immune system. As immunotoxicology assay parameters, we adopted circulating leukocytes and immunoorgan weights for pathotoxicology, delayed hypersensitivity and colloidal carbon clearance for cell mediated immuntity. Propyl gallate's effects were observed as follows; 1) Propyl gallate decreased circulating leukocyte counts, dose dependently. 2) Propyl gallate decreased delayed hypersensitivity reaction. 3) Phagocytic index were similar in the test and control groups.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.1627-1630
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• 2013

최근 IT 기술의 발달로 인하여 스마트폰을 활용한 다양한 어플리케이션이 급속도로 증가하고 있다. 이는 스마트폰이 사용과 휴대가 편리하고 다양한 기능을 제공하기 때문이다. 본 논문은 다양한 입출력 기능이 있는 안드로이드 스마트폰으로 PC에서 널리 쓰이는 키보드, 마우스, 스피커, 마이크, 캠코더와 같은 입출력 장치로 이용할 수 있는 어플리케이션의 설계 및 개발에 대하여 제안한다. 특히, 안드로이드 스마트폰의 자원을 활용하기 위한 안드로이드 어플리케이션과 가상 입출력 장치의 제어를 위한 가상 장치 드라이버, 그리고 안드로이드 어플리케이션과 드라이버 간의 통신을 위한 PC 어플리케이션을 중심으로 기술한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.07a
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• pp.129-131
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• 2022

본 프로젝트는 Unity3D Tool 기반의 가상 체험용 웹툰 VR 제작 과정을 설계하고 구현했다. 프로젝트의 핵심 기능 및 환경은 게임 제작용 툴인 Unity를 사용하여 웹과 모바일 앱에서 다양하게 접근할 수 있도록 제작하는 것이다. 웹에서는 키보드와 마우스로 제어하고 모바일 앱에서는 VR 장치를 통해 자체 컨트롤러 기능을 활용하여 이동 및 제어 처리했다. 그리고 VR 장치를 활용한 앱 컨트롤러는 시선으로 제어할 수 있도록 했다. 본 연구는 유니티(unity)기반의 웹툰VR 제작 과정을 구현한 연구이다. 웹툰 기반의 VR 연구는 기존의 2D 형태의 보기만 하는 과정을 VR 기술을 이용해 360도 웹툰을 볼 수 있고 체험할 수 있다. 연구에서는 사용한 장비로 오큘러스 퀘스트(HMD 장치)이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2004

Hot water-extracts prepared from Cordyceps militaris of silkworm pupa (CMP) or Cordyceps militaris of silkworm larva (CML) were tested for tumor growth inhibitory and immunomodulatory activities in ICR mice bearing sarcoma-180 cells solid tumor, and compared with those of the known compound, cordycepin, found in Cordyceps militaris. Mice were subcutaneously injected with sarcoma-180 cells, and i.p. injected with either saline (Control), 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of CMP (CMP50 or CMP100, respectively), or CML (CML50 or CML100, respectively), or 1 or 2 mg/kg of cordycepin (C1 or C2, respectively) for 10 days. Mice injected with CMP50 or CMP100 showed a 47.3% or 57.6% inhibition in the solid tumor growth (P<0.05), while those injected with CML50 or CML100 exhibited a 35.5% or 37.1% reduction (p<0.05) in solid tumor size compared to the value for control mice treated with saline. Animals injected with corcycepin showed a 26∼30% inhibition in the solid tumor growth (P<0.05). Mice bearing solid tumor and injected with CMP or CML showed a significantly increased thymus weight (38∼44% increase), lymphocyte percentages of CD4+ T-cell, CD8+ T-cell, and NK-cell (63∼110% increase) in the spleen, and interleukin-2 excretion (33∼51% increase) by the isolated splenocytes compared to those in control mice (p<0.05). These results indicate that the anti-tumor activity of hot water extracts of Cordyceps militaris, raised on both silkworm pupa and silkworm larva, appears to be associated with their immunomodulatory activity, and these activities found in Cordyceps militaris are superior to those for the single compound, cordycepin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.306-313
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• 2017

Purple bamboo salt (PuBS) is commonly used as a medicinal food in Korea and has beneficial potentials such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Rubus coreanus is called Bokbunja, which is used as a traditional medicine for treating asthma, impotence, and allergic diseases in Korea. The aim of present study was to investigate the immunostimulatory effect of PuBS composed with Rubus coreanus (PuBS-R). We performed comparative analysis between PuBS and PuBS-R in Raw264.7 cells, which is a mouse macrophage cell line, and peritoneal macrophages isolated primarily from the mouse peritoneal cavity. We evaluated cytotoxicity and the immune cytokine response in PuBS- and PuBS-R-treated cells. Both PuBS and PuBS-R did not have any cytotoxicity in Raw264.7 cells up to $500{\mu}g/mL$. Gene and protein levels of immune cytokines such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), $interferon-{\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$), interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-12 were significantly elevated by PuBS-R more than PuBS in Raw264.7 cells. Moreover, we evaluated the immunostimulatory effects of PuBS-R on mouse primary peritoneal macrophages. Protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-10, and IL-12 were significantly higher in PuBS-R-treated peritoneal macrophages than PuBS-treated peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest the potential immunostimulatory effect of PuBS-R for immunity against harmful infection.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.5
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• pp.421-434
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• 2008

As computer graphics, virtual reality and augmented reality technologies have been developed, in many application areas based on those techniques, interaction for 3D space is required such as selection and manipulation of an 3D object. In this paper, we propose a framework for a vision-based 3D interaction which enables to simulate functions of an expensive 3D mouse for a desktop environment. The proposed framework includes a specially manufactured interaction device using three-color LEDs. By recognizing position and color of the LED from video sequences, various events of the mouse and 6 DOF interactions are supported. Since the proposed device is more intuitive and easier than an existing 3D mouse which is expensive and requires skilled manipulation, it can be used without additional learning or training. In this paper, we explain methods for making a pointing device using three-color LEDs which is one of the components of the proposed framework, calculating 3D position and orientation of the pointer and analyzing color of the LED from video sequences. We verify accuracy and usefulness of the proposed device by showing a measurement result of an error of the 3D position and orientation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.991-998
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• 2012

Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines and health foods. Korean red ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) extract is known to have potential therapeutic activities, such as anti-viral effects, the amelioration of food allergies, anti-oxidant effects, and obesity reduction. Nevertheless, no reports have been issued the modulatory effects of KRG extract on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP). In the present study, we investigated the modulatory effect of KRG extract in vitro and in vivo by using pooled human liver microsomes and male ICR mice. When human liver microsomes were incubated with KRG extract at 0.01-10 mg/ml, CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A were not significantly inhibited by KRG extract, although CYP2B6 was slightly inhibited. Mice were orally administered KRG extract at 50, 250, or 500 mg/kg daily for 3, 7, or 14 days. However, the activities of CYPs in mouse livers were not significantly different from those of vehicle-treated controls. In conclusion, no significant ginseng-drug interaction was observed. KRG extract did not significantly modulate the activities of CYPs in vitro or in vivo.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2015

Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon, has interesting pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant. As supported by recent scientific reports on the beneficial effects of M. charantia, it is one of the most promising functional plants for diabetes today. In this study, we fermented the bitter melon with lactic acid bacteria and investigated the capability of controlling diabetic conditions by decreasing the blood glucose levels. After extracting the fermented bitter melon with hot water or ethanol, we tested several biological activities using mouse models. When we tested the efficacy of the glycemic control, the extracts of fermented bitter melon significantly lowered the blood glucose levels of the alloxan-induced diabetic mice. We also found that the lactic acid bacteria-fermented bitter melon protected liver damages from the treatment of alloxan monohydrates and maintained low levels of triglycerides and high levels of HDL cholesterol in these mouse models. These results suggest that our approach on fermenting bitter melon and the extracts of fermented bitter melon could lead to the possibility of the development of functional foods that contain the effectiveness of controlling blood glucose and lipid levels as well as preventing liver damages.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2014

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been used as a traditional medicinal ingredient and the ginseng flower-buds also proved to have good medicinal properties. In this study, in order to enhance immune activities of ginseng flower-bud, the ginseng flower-bud extract was being fermented by Bacillus subtilis KCTC 1022 (BS), Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CHY1011 (SC). Mice were orally administered daily for two weeks at two different concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg B.W.). Treatment samples were water extracts of ginseng flower-buds (FD), water extracts of fermented ginseng flower-buds (FM) and controls for saline solution. Cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) either stimulated with LPS or not stimulated with LPS was detected by the ELISA assay when using the cytokine kit. Cytokine was statistically increased at supplemented groups with LPS in both the 100 and the 200 mg/kg B.W. and treatment with FM significantly decreased the LPS-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 production more than the treatment with FD. The results of this study may suggest that supplementation with FM increases the immune function by regulating cytokine production capacity for activated macrophages.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2023

Red yeast rice, also known as Hong Qu and red Koji, has been used for a long time in Asian functional food and traditional medicine. It consists of multiple bioactive substances, which can potentially be used as nutraceuticals. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) can range from simple steatosis or inflammation to fibrosis and cirrhosis, possibly through leaky gut and systemic endotoxemia. This study examined the liver and gut effects of red yeast rice (RYR) (Monascus purpureus) ethanol extract against binge ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. RYR extract was orally administered to C57BL/6N mice at a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight per day for 10 days. Then, mice were administered binge alcohol (5 g/kg/dose) three times at 12 hr intervals. Binge alcohol exposure significantly elevated the endotoxin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) activity of plasma, as well as hepatic triglyceride levels; however, RYR treatments reduced these levels. In addition, RYR pretreatment significantly reduced the alcohol-induced oxidative maker protein and apoptosis maker in binge alcohol-induced gut and liver injuries. These results suggest that RYR may prevent alcohol-induced acute leaky gut and liver damage.