• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.409-416
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• 1999

액체/고체 경계면에 레일레이각으로 초음파 pulse를 입사시키면 입사된 에너지의 상당 부분이 고체쪽으로 침투여 표면으로부터 약 1.5 파장 깊이 정도까지 에너지 분포를 가지고 고체 표면을 따라 전파하는 레일레 이파로 전환되며, 이러한 입사각에서는 기하학적인 거울 반사가 일어나지 않고 반사파의 중심이 Schoch 변위만큼 전방으로 이동되고, 또 입사 방향으로 후반 산란되는 초음파의 신호가 급격히 증가하는 현상이 관찰된다. 만일 고체에서 초음파의 감쇠가 산란에 의해 크게 영향을 받고, 레일레이각에서 고체 쪽으로 침투한 에너지의크기를 $E_0$라고 하면, 고체 표면과 표면 근처를 전파하는 레일레이파의 산란파 에너지, $E_S$는 Schoch 변위, ${\Delta}_S$와 산란에 의한 감쇠계수 ${\alpha}_S$에 비례하는 관계가 있음을 이론적으로 구하였다. 입사 방향으로 후방산란되는 초음파는 산란파의 일부이므로 후방산란 초음파 에너지, E_{Bs}도 이와 같은 관계를 가진다. 그러므로, 레일레이각으로 입사된 초음파의 후방산란 에너지, $E_{B_S}$ 산란체(e.g. grain)의 평균 크기, D와 주파수 f와는 레일레이 산란 영역과 Stochastic 산란 영역에 대해 각각 $E_{B_S}\;\propto\;D^{3}f^{3}$와 $E_{B_S}\;\propto\;D\;f$인 관계를 가지는 것으로 얻어졌다. 이것은 액체/고체 경계면에서 레일레이각으로 입사되어 레일레이파로 전환된 초음파가 다시 액체로 그 에너지를 누설하여 그 산란 영역이 Schoch 변위 내에서 일어나기 때문이며, 이러한 영향에 의해서일반적인 산란에서의 주파수 의존성과는 달리 각 산란 영역에서 그 지수는 1씩 작은 값을 갖는다.향에 따라 음장변화가 크게 다를 것이 예상되므로 이를 규명하기 위해서는 궁극적으로 3차원적인 음장분포 연구가 필요하다. 음향센서를 해저면에 매설할 경우 수충의 수온변화와 센서 주변의 수온변화 사이에는 어느 정도의 시간지연이 존재하게 되므로 이에 대한 영향을 규명하는 것도 센서의 성능예측을 위해서 필요하리라 사료된다.가지는 심부 가스의 개발 성공률을 증가시키기 위하여 심부 가스가 존재하는 지역의 지질학적 부존 환경 및 조성상의 특성과 생산시 소요되는 생산비용을 심도에 따라 분석하고 생산에 수반되는 기술적 문제점들을 정리하였으며 마지막으로 향후 요구되는 연구 분야들을 제시하였다. 또한 참고로 현재 심부 가스의 경우 미국이 연구 개발 측면에서 가장 활발한 활동을 전개하고 있으며 그 결과 다수의 신뢰성 있는 자료들을 확보하고 있으므로 본 논문은 USGS와 Gas Research Institute(GRI)에서 제시한 자료에 근거하였다.ऀĀ耀Ā삱?⨀؀Ā Ā?⨀ጀĀ耀Ā?돀ꢘ?⨀硩?⨀ႎ?⨀?⨀넆돐쁖잖⨀쁖잖⨀／ࠐ?⨀焆덐瀆倆Āⶇ퍟ⶇ퍟ĀĀĀĀ磀鲕좗?⨀肤?⨀⁅Ⴅ?⨀쀃잖⨀䣙熸ጁ↏?⨀

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1994

In this paper, we Investigate the $Q^2PSK$ modulation and demodulation system and analyze the BER performance of the receiver system under 2-way Rayleigh fading and Gaussian noisy channel environment. The TDL equalizer with the adaptive LMS algorithm is used to improve the receiver performance since the received signal is distorted through that channel and the recovered carrier from the noncoherent demodulation has much phase deviation error. From the results of computer simulation, It is shown that at 12dB SNR, the reception performance is improved by $83.7\%$ in the fading case, $89.3\%$ in the carrier phase error case and $60.4\%$ in the case of the fading and carrier phase error.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1300-1310
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• 2003

In this paper, the performance of a multicarrier CDMA system using adaptive modulation and adaptive subchannel allocation scheme is analyzed in Rayleigh fading channel. The proposed adaptive modulator consists of modulation schemes using QPSK 16 QAM, 64 QAM and 256 QAM and constellations are pointed by Gray code. In addition, the threshold of the analysis is average E$\_$b//N$\_$o/ when the BER is 1 %. In the multicarrier system with adaptive subchannel allocation scheme, each DS waveform of user is transmitted over the K subchannels with the biggest fading among L subchannels. In case of the proposed system, total 4 subchannels are used and data are transmitted over 2 subchannels with the biggest fading, which results in the threshold of each channels is 5.2 dB, 9 dB, 13.2 dB and 8.4 dB, 12.2 dB, 16.3 dB. In the case of proposed system, the BER of 10$\^$-3/ is satisfied if average E$\_$b//N$\_$o/ is 8.1 dB. This is increased performance of 12.9 dB in comparison with conventional system. The BPS according to average channel is needed average E$\_$b//N$\_$o/ of about 15 dB in 7 bit. In the case of subchannel error, the BER of 10$\^$-3/ is 13.6 dB and is declined about 5.5 dB.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4563-4567
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• 2010

In this paper, the adaptive MPSAM is suggested in order to analyze and improve problems caused by the case of the impact of delay waves on Pilot Symbol Assisted Modulation (PSAM), a singular Pilot method. PSAM predicts and compensates amplitude and phases caused on fading channels, using the Pilot Symbol. In addition, the Basic method is not only analyzed but also grafted onto the suggested method properly; therefore, the performance could be improved. Comparing to the Basic method, the BER performance can be distinguished in case that the level of delay on delay waves with the suggested method goes below 0.7. On the other hand, the BER performance can be inferior due to a considerable effect of the adjacent symbol in the event that the level of delay on delay waves is worse. However, the BER performance is rather improved on the point where the level of delay on delay waves is serious because the Basic method uses reciprocal compensation. Hence, stable improvement can be expected in all areas which receive the influence of delay waves within one symbol once grafted onto the suggested method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

It is well known that stiffness of composites depends on layup sequence of CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastics) laminates because the layup of composite laminates influences their properties. Ultrasonic NDE of composite laminates is often based on the backwall echoes of the sample. A pair of such transducers was mounted in a holder in a nose-to-nose fashion to be used as a scanning probe on composites. Miniature potted angle beam transducers were used (Rayleigh waves in steel) on solid laminates of composites. Experiments were performed to understand the behavior of the transducers and the nature of the waves generated in the composite (mode, wave speed, angle of refraction). C-scan images of flaws and impact damage were then produced by combining the pitch-catch probe with a portable manual scanner known as the Generic Scanner ("GenScan"). The pitch-catch signal was found to be more sensitive than normal incidence backwall echo of longitudinal wave to fiber orientation of the CFRP composites, including low level porosity, ply waviness, and cracks. Therefore, it is found that the experimentally Rayleigh wave variation of pitch-catch ultrasonic signal was consistent with numerical results and one-side ultrasonic measurement might be very useful to detect the defects.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.148-156
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• 2009

This paper presents a new image rejection algorithm based on the analysis of the distortion of a single-frequency continuous-wave (CW) signal due to the I/Q mismatch. Existing methods estimated the gain mismatch and phase mismatch on RF receivers and compensated them However, this paper shows that the circular trajectory of a single-frequency CW signal is distorted elliptic-type trajectory due to the I/Q mismatch. Utilizing the analysis, we propose a I/Q mismatch compensation method. It has two processing steps. In the first processing step, the generated signal is rotated to align the major axis of the elliptic-type trajectory diagram with the x-axis. In the second processing step, the Q-channel signal in the regenerated signal is scaled to align the regenerated signal with the transmitted single-frequency CW signal. Simulation results show that a receiver using the proposed image rejection algorithm can achieve an image rejection ratio of more than 70dB. And, simulation results show that the bit error rate performances of receivers using the proposed image rejection algorithm are almost the same as those of conventional coherent demodulators, even in fading channels.