• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2017

Selenium (Se), which is natural materials existing was known as an important component of selenoprotein, one of the important proteins responsible for the redox pump of a living body. Selenium was orally administered to Rat and irradiated with 10 Gy of radiation. Then, the thyroid gland was used as a target organ for 1 day, 7 days and 21 days to investigate the radiation protection effect of selenium (Se) through changes of blood components, thyroid hormones (T3, T4), antioxidant enzyme (GPx) activity and thyroid tissue changes. As a result, there was a significant protective effect of hematopoietic immune system(hemoglobin concentration, neutrophil, platelet)(p<0.05). The activity of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), the antioxidant enzyme, and the activity of the target organ, thyroid hormone (T3, T4), also showed significant activity changes (p<0.05). In the observation of tissue changes, it was confirmed that there was a protective effect of thyroid cell damage which caused the cell necrosis by radiation treatment. Therefore, it is considered that selenium(Se) can be utilized as a radiation defense agent by inducing immunogenic activity effect of a living body.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2003

The objective of present study was to investigate the antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of selenium on cadmium-induced toxicity and lipid peroxidation in rat hepatocyte primary culture. To do this, two separate experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were incubated for 6 hr in the presence of various concentrations (1, 10, 50, 100, and $500\;{\mu}M$) of cadmium chloride. Cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation were evaluated using the MTT assay and TBARS assay, respectively. Antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects were determined by measuring the activity of GOT and GSH-Px, respectively. Cell viability was reduced and lipid peroxidation was increased by cadmium in dose-dependent manners. There was significantly negative correlation (r=-0.943, p<0.01) between cell viability and lipid peroxidation GOT activity was increased and GSH-Px activity was decreased by cadmium at the concentration of $50\;{\mu}M$. In Experiment 2, primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were incubated for 6hr in the presence of 100\;{\mu}M$ of cadmium chloride and various concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 ppm) of sodium selenite to assess the effect of selenium on cadmium-induced toxicity and lipid peroxidation. Cell viability and GSH-Px activity were increased by sodium selenite at the concentration of 1 ppm Whereas, lipid peroxidation and GOT activity were reduced by 0.1 ppm of sodium selenite. These results demonstrate that selenium has an antioxidative and hepatoprotective potentials against cadmium.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.182-189
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to separate and quantitate selenium species in some food samples with HPLC-ICP-MS. Cation exchange chromatography showed efficient separation only for inorganic Se species while reversed phase ion pair chromatography showed good separation for both inorganic and organic Se species. $C_8$ column ($Symmetryshield^{TM}\;RP_8$, 3.5 ${\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}150$ mm) was used with optimum condition of 5% methanol mobile phase, 0.05% of nonafluorovaleric acid ion pairing reagent. Five standard Se species of Se(IV), Se(VI), SeCys(selenocystein), SeMet(selenomethionine) and Se-M-C(seleno methyl cystein) were separated successfully under the optimum condition (mobile phase; 5% methanol, ion-pairing reagent; 0.05% nonafluorovaleric acid, flow rate; 0.9 mL $min^{-1}$). To extract Se species, microwave assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods were studied. In enzyme-assisted extraction method, protease I for garlic, protease I plus trypsin for pork and mackerel, and protease XIV for tuna showed the best extraction efficiency. With the optimum condition for each sample, it was found that mostly inorganic Se, SeCys and SeMet are present in the sample studied ranging from few ${\mu}g$ $g^{-1}$ to few tens of ${\mu}g$ $g^{-1}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.495-498
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• 2008

여러 가지 흡착제를 사용한 회분식 흡착성능 측정 실험에서 흡착성능은 음이온교환수지 > 입상활성탄 > Biomass > 분말활성탄 > 제올라이트 순으로 나타났으며, 모든 흡착제는 30분 안에 흡착평형 상태에 도달 하였다. 음이온교환수지를 이용한 회분식 흡착실험에서 최대흡착량은 pH 10에서 0.0483 mmol/g로 가장 높았고, 대체적으로 pH가 높은 범위에서 흡착이 잘 되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이것은 산화물 상태의 셀레늄이 pH 6 이하의 영역에서는 HSeO$_3^{-}$가 존재하며, PH 6$\sim$10 영역에서는 HSeO$_3^{-}$와 SeO$_3^{-2}$가 공존하며, pH 10 이상에서는 SeO$_3^{-2}$만 존재함을 알 수 있는데, 실험에서도 유사한 결과가 나온 것으로 사료된다. 입상활성탄을 이용한 흡착실험에서 최대흡착량은 pH 4.5에서 0.0574 mmol/g으로 가장 높았다. pH 4.5$\sim$6.5 범위에서는 대체적으로 비슷한 성능을 나타내었다. 입상활성탄의 표면전위 특성상 음이온으로 존재하는 셀레늄과 정전기적 반발력으로 인해 흡착이 거의 일어나지 않는 것으로 보이지만, 음이온 상태로 존재하는 셀레늄 이외의 금속간 화합물이나 물리적인 결합상태의 미세입자들이 흡착된 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2009

The trace element nutrient selenium discharges its well-known nutritional anti-tumor activity. Converging data from epidemiological, ecological and clinical studies have shown that selenium can decrease the risk for some types of human cancers, especially those of the prostate, lung, and colon. Mechanistic studies have indicated that selenium has many desirable attributes of chemoprevention targeting cancer cells through DNA single strand breaks, the induction of reactive oxygen species. However, there is no reports about the relationship between methylseleninic acid (MSeA), one of methylselenol metabolites and cell cycle arrest in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Our data showed that MSeA arrested G1/S pahse of cell cycle arrest and inhibited DNA synthesis in LNCaP cells and those cellular events by MSeA were due to the induction ofp27 protein which is a well-known cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Taken together, cell cycle arrest occurred by MSeA may contribute to the growth-inhibition of prostate cancer cells.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

The demand for rhenium has considerably increased recently owing to the large-scale consumption in industries and the price of rhenium has increased owing to the lack of supply and its availability. The dust from the roasting of molybdenite was employed to investigate the leaching behavior of rhenium and molybdenum. Leaching experiments were done by varying optimum parameters, such as reaction time, NaOH concentration and leaching temperature. The optimum leaching condition was found to be $4\;mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NaOH, 2 hours leaching time, $100\;g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ solid/liquid ratio, $80^{\circ}C$ temperature, and 250 rpm. At this condition, leaching percentage of rhenium and molybdenum was 86.1% and 88.6%, respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2010

Selenium is an essential micronutrient for normal body function and functions as an essential constituent of selenoproteins. This study was carried out to investigate effect of selenium on the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and tumor formation in a mouse model. Five-week old ICR mice were acclimated for one week and fed different selenium diet (0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 ppm) for 12 weeks. Animals received three intraperitoneal injections of azoxymethane (10 mg/kg B.W. in saline for 3 weeks), followed by 2% dextran sodium sulfate in the drinking water for a week. There were four experimental groups, including a normal control group and three different selenium levels groups. After sacrifice, the total numbers of aberrant crypt (AC) and ACF were measured in the colonic mucosa after methylene blue staining. The number of tumors was noted for tumor incidence. Liver selenium concentration was measured using ICP-AES method. Gutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was determined using a GPx assay kit in the liver and colon. TUNEL assay and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining were performed to examine the cell apoptosis and cell proliferation, respectively. Immunohistochemistry of $\beta$-catenin was also performed on the mucous membrane tissue of colon. The activity of GPx in the liver and colon was decreased in the selenium-deficient diet group while it was increased in the selenium-overloaded diet group. Apoptotic positive cells were increased in the selenium-overloaded diet group but decreased in the selenium-deficient diet group. PCNA staining area was decreased in the selenium-overloaded diet group. In addition, the $\beta$-catenin protein level in the selenium-deficient diet group was increased but decreased in the selenium-overloaded diet group. These results indicate that dietary selenium might exert a modulating effect on colon cancer by inhibiting the development of ACF and colon tumor formation in this mouse model.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.828-834
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• 2012

The present study has been conducted to investigate the effects of feeding seleniferous whole crop barley (WCB) to finishing pigs on their growth performance, blood and carcass characteristics as well as on tissue selenium deposition. A total of 40 cross-bred barrows ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc) were allotted to five replicates of four treatments. Each replicate was arranged to 2 pigs per pen; the experimental period lasted for 6 weeks. The finishing pigs were fed diets containing 0.1 (non-seleniferous WCB as a control), 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ppm of selenium (Se) by supplementing the diets with seleniferous WCB. The isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 5% non-seleniferous or seleniferous WCB were formulated. Feeding seleniferous WCB did not affect (p<0.05) the feed intake and BW gain. Total blood lipid concentration was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing Se levels. Total blood cholesterol concentration for the control was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for 0.4 and 0.6 ppm of Se treatments. Increasing the Se levels in WCB significantly (p<0.05) decreased blood triglyceride concentration; however, the levels increased immunoglobulin G and selenium concentrations. Feeding seleniferous WCB did not affect the carcass rate, backfat thickness and meat quality as well as yield grades. The Se concentration in the kidney, liver and loin were significantly (p<0.05) increased with increasing levels of seleniferous WCB. The results indicated that feeding seleniferous WCB may improve the blood characteristics related to lipid metabolism and thus, could produce selenium-fortified pork. Moreover, it is shown that the dietary optimal selenium level to depose selenium in porcine tissues by utilizing seleniferous WCB would be 0.4 mg of Se/kg of ration. Moreover, when 100 g of pork produced from pigs raised under such condition is served to consumers, it meets the minimum recommended daily requirements (40 ${\mu}g$) of dietary selenium proposed by the World Health Organization (1996).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of selenium treatment on the growth of vegetables sprout. Four vegetables, such as cabbage, lettuce, pak-choi and leaf mustard were examined under various selenium treatments (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 mg $L^{-1}$). Seed germinations in cabbage, pak-choi and leaf mustard were significantly inhibited at high concentration of selenium treatment. However, seed germination in lettuce was not much inhibited. Growth characteristics, such as soot length, root length, fresh weight and chlorophyll contents, were not much decreased at 1 mg $L^{-1}$ of selenium and then significantly inhibited with the increase of selenium concentration at above 5 mg $L^{-1}$ in all four vegetables. The selenium content increased linearly with the increase of selenium concentration. At the range of 1 to 25 mg $L^{-1}$ of selenium treatment, selenium contents in vegetables were 0.11 to 1.15 of cabbage, 0.16 to 0.61 of lettuce, 0.13 to 1.31 of pak-choi and 0.14 to 1.13 mg $g^{-1}$dw of leaf mustard, respectively. These results showed that treatment of selenium with the range of 1 to 5 mg $L^{-1}$ could be used to produce the selenium enriched vegetable sprouts.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.799-810
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine effects of spent composts of Se-enriched mushrooms (Se-SMC) as the dietary selenium source on carcass characteristics, plasma glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity and Se deposition in finishing Hanwoo steers. In combination with both Se-SMC and normal SMC, experimental treatment diets were formulated to contain 0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ppm of Se on a dry matter basis. A total of 20 finishing Hanwoo steers (average BW = 613 kg, average age = 20 to 24 mo) were allotted to treatments in four groups of five steers per pen for 12 wk preceding slaughter. While the experiment is employed, blood samples were taken to analyze Se concentration and GSH-Px activity, and muscle and liver samples were collected for analyses of Se contents in their tissues after slaughter. DMl and BW gain were not affected by dietary Se level and any toxic symptoms in treatments with a higher level of Se were not observed. No differences were noted for carcass characteristics. Se concentration in whole blood and plasma GSH-Px activity were linearly increased with the increasing level of dietary Se (P < 0.01). Se content in the hind leg for Se-SMC supplemented groups significantly increased (P < 0.05) upon dietary Se level, with 0.27, 0.37, 0.40 and 0.46 !1g1g dry, respectively. However, Se content in the loin was not affected by dietary Se levels. Se content in the liver was significantly increased(P < 0.05) as dietary Se increased, with 0.79, 1.40, 2.39 and 3.10 !1g1g dry, respectively. These results suggested that Se in the Se-SMC was highly bioavailable, and Se-SMC might be used not only as an inexpensive way of providing Se for ruminants but also as another way of producing Se-fortified beef.