• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.665-670
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• 2000

무선 ad-hoc 네트워크는 중앙의 특별한 관리 체계 없이 유선망과 기지국을 가지지 않는 이동 호스트로 구성된 네트워크를 말한다. 이러한 ad-hoc 네트워크는 잦은 망 구성의 변화, 라우터의 수, 사용 자원 등 기존 유선 네트워크와는 다른 특징들을 가지게 된다. 따라서 기존의 유선망에서 사용하던 라우팅 프로토콜을 ad-hoc 네트워크에 적용시키는 데에는 많은 문제점들이 발생한다. 이 논문에서는 ad-hoc 네트워크의 환경을 고려하여 적은 지연시간과 오버헤드를 발생시키는 MHCRP 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 모델은 ad-hoc 네트워크 내의 이동 호스트들을 멀티 홉을 갖는 클러스터로 묶어, 클러스터 헤드로 하여금 자신의 멤버 호스트와 이웃 클러스터의 헤드의 정보를 유지하게 하여, 경로 설정에 대한 요구가 있을 때에 적은 지연 시간과 적은 패킷으로 목적지까지의 최단 경로를 설정할 수 있는 계층적인 경로 설정 방법을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.564-567
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• 2007

애드혹 네트워크는 무선 모바일 기기들만으로 구성 가능한 네트워크로서 무선 모바일기기의 특성상 제한된 에너지를 사용하게 된다. On-Demand 방식의 DSR(Dynamic Source Routing), PSR(Power-aware Source Routing)은 애드 혹 네트워크의 특성에 적합한 라우팅 프로토콜로 경로 탐색 시 브로드 캐스팅을 통해 단말기의 이동성과 전력 보유량을 고려하여 경로를 설정한다. 이러한 경로 탐색 기법은 네트워크를 구성하는 노드 수에 비례하여 경로 탐색시 소모되는 에너지 오버헤드가 증가하므로 대량의 노드들로 이루어진 애드혹 네트워크에서는 상당한 에너지 낭비를 초래한다. HPSR(Hierarchical Power-aware Source Routing)은 이러한 경로 탐색 오버헤드 문제를 보조경로를 이용해 감소 시켰지만, 초기 주 경로가 결정되는 시간에 보조경로 역시 동시에 결정 되는 특성을 가지고 있어, 경로를 이루는 노드의 에너지 정보가 시간적으로 낙후되고 실제 사용 시에는 에너지 효율이 낮은 경로가 되는 문제점이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 노드들의 최신 에너지 정보로 부분 경로 설정을 함으로써 경로 탐색 오버헤드를 감소시킴과 동시에 변경된 경로의 에너지 효율도 최적화 시킬 수 있는 기법을 제안 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.568-570
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• 2004

MANET에서 라우팅 경로가 설정되었다고 하더라도 노드의 이동성으로 인하여 네트워크의 끊김 현상이 발생하여 재라우팅을 해야 하는 오버헤드와 전송 지연이 발생한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 각 노드의 에너지를 기반으로 에너지 그룹을 형성하고, 반응적 라우팅 프로토콜인 AODV를 수정하여 EAODV(Energy aware ADODV)를 제안하고 이를 정형 기법을 통해 명세하고 항상 라우팅 패스를 찾는다는 속성을 검증한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.7B
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• pp.550-556
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• 2008

Swam intelligence refers that a large group of simple and unsophisticated entities work together to achieve complex and significant tasks. Researches using such swarm intelligence has been performed in the network routing area. Expecially, it has been well known that routing in mobile ad-hoc networks whose features are dynamic topology and routing based on the local information is one of the applications of swarm intelligence. In this paper, we propose an ant-based routing method for MANET. The proposed method sets its goals to reduce overheads by managing ants efficiently, and to reduce route set up time. The results obtained from simulations proved that the proposed method provides shorter path set-up time and end-to-end delay and less overhead while providing comparable packet delivery ratio.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.406-416
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• 2001

Single path routing schemes using dynamic routing metric amy find out the dynamic network status and recompute paths to keep the traffic from the highly loaded regions of the network. This type of routing approach, however, may lead to a routing oscillation, and further, it cannot exploit multi-paths that may frequently exist in the real network. We propose a multipath routing scheme with dynamic load balancing, called MP-DLB, which is capable of reducing the overhead incurred by the multipath routing with dynamic load balancing approach while taking advantage of the high routing performance provided by the approach. According to the analysis of Internet packet traces which show that a high percentage of network traffic is destined for a small number of networks, MP-DLB applies the multipath routing with dynamic load balancing only to a limited subset of all the destinations in the network. For the rest of the destinations, it applies traditional single path routing scheme. This approach may reduce overall routing overheads by limiting the number of destinations to apply the more complicated routing scheme while it can keep the routing performance high by providing efficient routing for the most significant traffic in the routing performance. A series of simulations are done to analyze the performance of MP-DLB. The simulation results show that MP-DLB may effectively cope with the congestion and achieve high routing performance by distributing traffic streams that are generated from varying sources and heading toward a specific hot destination over multi-paths.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.241-243
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• 2004

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)은 인프라가 없거나 급박한 상황에서 별도의 작업 없이 빠른 시간에 네트워크를 구성할 수 있다. 그러나 현재 발표된 MANET에서의 라우팅 프로토콜만으로는 인터넷에 연결이 지원되지 않는다. 인터넷과 ad hoc 네트워크의 연결에 여러 가지 방법들이 발표되고 있다. 그러나 그 제안들은 몇 가지 결점을 가지고 있다. 그에 따라 우리는 중복 제어 패킷을 처리하는 동안의 제어 패킷 오버헤드와 전원 소모를 줄인 동적 에이전트 광고를 제안하였다. 또한 패킷 전송에 대한 오버헤드를 NS2로 기존의 해결책과 비교하여 우수성을 확인하였으며 리눅스 시스템 상에서 구현하여 실제 환경에서의 동작을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.8 s.350
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• pp.47-58
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• 2006

Due to the movement of nodes, ad-hoc networks suffer from the problems such as the decrease of data delivery ratio, the increase of end-to-end delay, and the increase of routing overhead. The backup routing schemes try to solve these problems by finding the backup routes during the route discovery phase and using them when a route fails. Generally the backup routing schemes outperform the single-path routing schemes in terms of data delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and routing overhead when the nodes move rapidly. But when the nodes don't move rapidly, the backup routing schemes generate more routing traffics than the single-path routing schemes because they need to exchange packets to find the backup route. In addition, when the backup route fails earlier than the main route, it can not use the backup route because in many backup route algorithms, the backup route is found only at the initial route discovery phase. RBR(Reactive Backup Routing Algorithm) proposed in this paper is an algorithm that provides more stable data delivery than the previous backup routing schemes through the selective maintenance of backup route and the backup route rediscovery. To do that RBR prioritize the backup routes, and maintain and use them selectively Thus it can also decrease the routing overheads. Also, RBR can increase data delivery ratio and decrease delay because it reestablishes the backup route when the network topology changes. For the performance evaluation, OPNET simulator is used to compare RBR with the single-path routing scheme and some of the well known backup routing schemes.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.32-39
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• 2006

MANET is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network with no fixed infrastructure (base station, or AP). In order to provide the data service in MANET, we need an efficient routing protocol to deliver the data to the wanted destination at a mobile node. A method of routing protocols called reactive routing protocol has recently got attention because of their low routing overhead. But a method of flooding broadcasts the packet to all of its neighbors. For this reason, each of the node has high routing overhead to route and keep path discovery. Accordingly in this paper, I propose an adaptive flooding scheme using N-hop look-ahead in MANET, md an optimal N value of doing flooding the packet to limited area. Because of being basically ignorant about topological changes, each of the node did not spontaneously cope with path alteration. But an efficient flooding scheme applying N-hop look-ahead is more resilient to topology changes than traditional algorithms. And also with this efficient flooding scheme, the simulation results demonstrate excellent reduction of routing overhead.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) is an asynchronous networking technology that has been deployed for the networking environment in which steady communication paths are not available, and therefore it stores receiving data in a data storage and forward them only when the communication links are established. DTN can be applied to sensor networks and mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) as well as space communication that supports data transmissions among satellites. In DTN networking environments, it is very important to secure a scheme that has relatively low routing overhead and high reliability, so that it can enhance the overall routing speed and performance. In order for achieving efficient data transmissions among the nodes that have comparatively periodic moving patterns, this paper proposes a time information based DTN routing scheme which is able to predict routing paths. From the simulation results using Omnet++ simulation tools, it has been verified that the proposed time information based DTN routing algorithm shows satisfied levels of routing speed and routing reliability even with lower routing overheads.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.24-31
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• 2017

In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are deployed in a remote, harsh environment. When the power of the sensor node is consumed in such a network, the sensor nodes become useless together with the deterioration of the quality and performance of the sensor network which may save human life. Although many clustering protocols have been proposed to improve the energy consumption and extend the life of the sensor network, most of the previous studies have shown that the overhead of the cluster head is quite large. It is important to design a routing protocol that minimizes the energy consumption of each node and maximizes the network lifetime because of the power limitations of the sensor nodes and the overhead of the cluster heads. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient clustering scheme that reduces the burden of cluster heads, minimizes energy consumption, and uses algorithms that maximize network lifetime. Simulation results show that the proposed clustering scheme improves the energy balance and prolongs the network life when compared with similar techniques.