• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-44
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• 1988

As a way for the effective utilization of pallman chips and sawdusts, these furnish materials were combined with non-woody material of plastic (polypropylene) screen in board manufacturing to improve their weak physical and mechanical properties. The conventional boards were made with conditions of specific gravity 0.40, 0.55, 0.70, and 0.85, resin content 8, 10, 12 and 14%, and number of polypropylene screen 1, 2, 3 and 4, and press-lam boards were also manufactured. The physical and mechanical properties were measured and discussed on thickness swelling, bending modulus of rupture and elasticity, tensile strength, internal bond strength, and screw holding strength. The results obtained at this study were summarized as follows: 1. In thinckness swelling both of pallman chip board and sawdust board were improved by the increase of resin content, and press-lam boards showed lower thickness swelling than conventional boards. 2. Both the modulus of rupture and elasticity were increased with the increase of specific gravity, and press-lam boards showed higher modulus of rupture and elasticity than conventional boards. On the other hand, modulus of rupture was increased with the increase of number of polypropylene screen and resin content whereas these effects in modulus of elasticity was not recognized. 3. Tensile strength was increased with the increase of specific gravity, and the boards combined with polypropylene screen showed higher tensile strength than control boards. Also tensile strength was increased with the increase of number of polypropylene screen, and press-lam boards revealed higher tensile strength than conventional boards. 4. Internal bond strength was increased with the increase of specific gravity, and the boards combined with polypropylene screen were lower in internal bond strength than control boards. Also, the boards combined with odd number of polypropylene screen showed lower internal bond strength than those combined with even number of polypropylene screen. 5. Screw holding strength was increased with the increase of resin content and specific gravity but significant difference was not approved between boards combined with polypropylene screen and control boards. In press-lam boards, pallman chip boards of higher specific gravity but sawdust boards of lower specific gravity showed better screw holding strength than control boards.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.345-355
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate rice seed disinfection efficacy of loess-sulfur for the suppression of Bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi. Rice seeds were treated at different concentrations of loess-sulfur, soaking time and temperature, and combination of hot-water treatment. Rice cultivar, Shindongjin harvested from Bakanae disease-infested area in 2015, was used. Loess-sulfur was treated as follows; concentration of undiluted solution, 2%, 1% and 0.5%; soaking time of 24 and 48 hours; treatment temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$; hot water treatment or not. Optimal conditions of rice seed disinfection were selected soaking time of 48 hours and the suspension of 0.5% and 1% loess-sulfur by investigating seed germination and isolation frequency of Fusarium spp. on Komada agar medium in vitro, and were established 3 disinfection conditions as hot water ($60^{\circ}C$, 10 min.) + 1% loess-sulfur ($20^{\circ}C$, 48 hours), 1% loess-sulfur only ($30^{\circ}C$, 48 hours) and 1% loess-sulfur only ($20^{\circ}C$, 48 hours) through additional test in greenhouse. Above 3 conditions were verified by rice seedling box and paddy field test in the way of investigating Bakanae diseased plants (%) and healthy plants (%). Consequently, most effective rice seed disinfection conditions on Bakanae disease were combination of hot water and 1% loess-sulfur and loess-sulfur only at $30^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, treatments with these conditions showed control value of 100% were maintained from seedling to the heading stage in the field. However, treatment of 1% loess-sulfur only at $20^{\circ}C$ showed low control value of 78.2% in paddy field. Hot water only treatment turned out to be an effective disinfection method when conducted thoroughly with $60^{\circ}C$, 10 min. However, it was thought additional soaking process with loess-sulfur after hot water treatment served more high control effect against Bakanae disease when rice seeds were disinfected on a large scale. This results expected rice seed disinfection with loess-sulfur were effectively and easily usable method if farmers had only one of either hot water-disinfector or seed-disinfector. In addition, loess-sulfur is well-known to farmers, simple to manufacture method and cheap.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic characteristics of growth stages in Hanwoo, to provide useful information in farm management decisions. Data were taken from the nucleus herds of three farms, Namwon, Daegwalyong and Seosan, comprising 27,647 cows, 14,744 bulls, and 1,290 steers in between 1980 and 2004. According to the growth curve by year, the residuals for cows and bulls were 68.49 and 54.29, respectively, under the Gompertz model. The values were lower than in other years. Parameters, A, b and k were estimated as 423.6±5.8, 2.387±0.064 and 0.0908±0.0033 in cows and 823.3±15.3, 3.584±0.070, 0.1139±0.0032 in bulls, respectively. The fitness was higher under the Gompertz model than under the logistic model: monthly and daily estimation for cows were 379.3±7.509, 2.499±0.057, 0.114±0.0045 and 367.1±1.9003, 2.3983±0.012, 0.004±0.00003, respectively. Estimated residual mean squares were 31.85 and 998.4 in their respective models. Monthly and daily estimation of bulls were 834.6±22.00, 3.319±0.062, 0.104±0.0037 and 796.0±6.128, 3.184±0.014, 0.003±0.00003, respectively. Estimated residual mean square were 66.18 and 2106.5. Monthly and daily estimation of steers were 1049.1±144.2, 3.024±0.008, 0.067±0.0096 and 1505.1±176.6, 2.997±0.067, 0.001±0.0001, relatively. Squares, 186.0 and 1119.1. In terms of growth characteristic estimated by Gompertz model, body weight for cows and bulls were 139.53kg and 307.03kg, and the daily gains were 0.52kg and 1.04kg, respectively. Body weight for steers was 385.94kg at the inflection point. Body weight gain was 0.84kg in both models. Our results showed that cows had lower mature weight and daily weight gain, and reached the inflection point earlier than bulls or steers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the Effect of soybean oil, dried palm oil powder and monoglyceride supplementation on growth performance and serum lipid changes in weaned pigs. One hundred twenty five cross-bred pigs((Y×L)×D, 6.00±0.79kg average initial BW) were used in a 21 d growth trial. Dietary treatments included SOY(containing 5% soybean oil), PALM(containing 5.5% dried palm oil powder) and SOPM0, 12.5 and 25(containing 2.5% soybean oil and 2.7% dried palm oil powder containing 0%, 12.5% and 25.0% monoglyceride, respectively). For the whole period, ADFI was increased in dried palm oil powder containing monoglyceride and PALM treatments compared with SOY and SOPM0 treatment(P<0.05). ADG and G/F were not affected by treatments. Digestibility of fat was higher(P<0.05) for pigs fed SOY diet than fed other diets. SOPM diets containing monoglyceride showed increased fat digestibility compared with PALM diet(P<0.05). SOPM12.5 and SOPM25 treatments were no difference with SOY treatment. However, there were no significant differences in digestibilities of DM, N and DE(P>0.05). Backfat thicknesses were not significantly different among treatments. Pigs fed SOY diet was decreased in serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total lipid and was increased in free fatty acid than those fed other diet. Also, triglyceride concentration in serum was increased in PALM treatment compared with SOPM treatment(P=0.06). In conclusion, feeding soybean oil in weaned pigs showed higher fat digestibility and lower cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in serum than feeding only dried palm oil powder. Also, pigs fed monoglyceride were improved fat digestibility compared with those fed dried palm oil powder only.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the changes in physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and contents of functional compounds, such as avenanthramides (AVNs), vitamin E, and ${\beta}$-glucan, in oats by accelerated age-conditioning (temperature: $45^{\circ}C$, relative humidity: 20%). No significant differences were observed in crude protein, crude fat, and AVNs contents of three oat cultivars, up to 63 days of storage; however, their antioxidant activities, as well as ${\beta}$-glucan, vitamin E, and fatty acid contents were significantly different (p < 0.05). ${\beta}$-glucan and fatty acid contents and the antioxidant activities of Deayang (DY) cultivar did not change during storage. ${\beta}$-glucan and unsaturated fatty acid contents of Choyang (CY) and Jopung (JP) increased during the storage period, while antioxidant activities did not (DPPH-CY; 48.1 to 26.9 mg TEAC/100 g, JP; 49.4 to 26.7 mg TEAC/100 g. ABTS-CY; 88.4 to 56.3 mg TEAC/100 g, JP; 80.0 to 55.8 mg TEAC/100 g). The total vitamin E content in DY (1.20 to 0.85 mg/100 g) and CY (1.73 to 1.33 mg/100 g) decreased, but it was maintained in JP. This study indicated that the changes in physicochemical properties and functional compounds of oat grains during storage depends on the cultivars. The result showed that DY, which has the highest AVNs content, has more stable functional compounds and antioxidant activities during storage. These results can serve as essential data for post-harvest management and development of functional food materials for extending the use of oats.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.273-288
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• 2011

Chon-Ashuu copper mining claim area is located, in terms of the geotectonic setting, in the northern part of the suture line which is bounded with the marginal part of Issik-kul micro-continent on the southern part of North Tien-Shan terrane. The geological blocks of Chon-Ashuu districts belong to the southern tip of Kazakhstan orocline. The rock formation of this area are composed of the continental crust or/and arc collage and the paleo-continental fragments-accretionary wedge complex of pre-Altaid orogenic materials. ASI(Alumina Saturation Index) of Paleozoic plutonic rocks in Chon-Ashuu area belong to the peraluminous and metaluminous rocks which were generated from fractional crystallization of Island and volcanic arc crusts in syn-post collisional plate. The geology of the ChonAshuu area consists of upper Proterozoic and Paleozoic rock formations. According to Harker variation diagrams for Chon-Ashuu arenaceous sedimentary rocks, the silty sandstone of Chon-Ashuu area showing the mineralogical immaturity were derived from Island arc or the marginal environments of active continent in Cambro-Carboniferous period. Numerous intrusive rocks of Chon-Ashuu area are distributed along north east trending tectonic structures and are bounded on four sides by the conjugate pattern. The most common type of the plutonic rocks are granodiorite and monzodiorite. According to the molecular normative An-Ab-Or composition (Barker, 1979), the plutonic rocks in Chon-Ashuu area are classified into tonalite - trondhjemite - granodiorite (TTG) series which are an aggregation of rocks which is the country rock of copper mineralization, that are formed by melting of hydrous mafic crust at high pressure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2017

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of organic fertilizer and seed mixture on productivity, botanical composition and forage quality in middle areas(Geumsan, 250m sea level) pasture. Total six experimental pastures (orchardgrass, timothy and tall fescue based seed mixture and with or without organic fertilizer) were established in autumn, 2014 and evaluated productivity and agronomic characteristics from 2015 to 2016. Plant heigh was higher in orchardgrass based mixture and orchardgrass and tall fescue based mixture were higher in $2^{nd}$ harvest. There was not found the significant difference among treatment(P<0.05) in dry matter (DM) content. Botanical composition in $1^{st}$ harvest was higher weed portion in orchardgrass based mixture and legumes was disappeared at $3^{rd}$ harvest in all treatments. Fresh and dry matter yield was higher in $2^{nd}$ year than $1^{st}$ year. In $1^{st}$ year, orchardgrass based mixture with organic fertilizer plot was the highest(P<0.05) DM yield, but tall fescue based mixture with organic fertilizer was the highest in $2^{nd}$ year. Content of crude protein (CP) was the highest in tall fescue based mixture and Timothy based mixture showed low in ADF (acid detergent fiber) and NDF (neutral detergent fiber) content. But the content if in virto dry matter digestibility was higher than others. In $2^{nd}$ year, the nutritive value of $2^{nd}$ and $4^{th}$ harvested grasses were higher and average RFV (relative feed value) value was the highest at $4^{th}$ harvest. According to this result, orchardgrass and tall fescue based mixture would be recommendable for farm who considering productivity and timothy based mixture would be recommendable for considering forage quality in middle areas of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2020

This study was conducted to find out the effects of seed mixture using new domestic grass varieties orchardgrass 'Onnuri' and tall fescue 'Greenmaster' on botanical composition and dry matter productivity from 2015 to 2018 in oversown hilly pasture, the central northern area of Korea. This experiment was consisted of 4 mixed grasses (Treatment 1 : tall fescue oriented mixture with imported varieties; Treatment 2 : orchardgrass oriented mixture with imported varieties; Treatment 3 : orchardgrass oriented mixture with domestic varieties, Treatment 4 : tall fescue oriented mixture with domestic varieties). Evaluation of seasonal changes in botanical composition of pasture showed that orchardgrass was the highest in all treatments, ranging from 46 to 89% and Kentucky bluegrass was the second highest in all treatments. Treatment 3 (7,633 kg ha^-1) and Treatment 4 (7,570 kg ha^-1), mixed grasses using domestic varieties, were showed the highest dry matter yield than Treatment 1(6,950 kg ha^-1) and Treatment 2 (6,934 kg ha^-1), which were mixed grasses using introduced varieties. Therefore, these results showed that the orchard grass oriented grasses mixture with domestic varieties was good for grassland vegetation and productivity in oversown hilly pasture, the central northern area of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3514-3523
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• 2009

Before 1990's, Korea had only few colleges that had film and film related majors. As Korean film industry started its marvelous improvement in both commercial and artistic phase, many colleges were interested in this new academic field. They hurried up to launch this new and profitable major; as a result, Korea now has more than hundred colleges and universities that has film related majors. Each college enumerates numbers of academic courses that may look reasonable; they have almost every course a fine film school should provide such as film theory, production, and performance in film. Lots of film schools offer lots of film courses; and they look alike. One unique thing in film major is its vast sub fields and categories. After you decide to study film, you have to select what specific field in film you want to study. Studying film theory and film production can be as different as majoring physics and physical education. The problem Korean colleges are dealing with is that there are too much film schools, and moreover those colleges have similar curriculums that just look like a department store that sells everything. One suggestion is specializing its curriculum in which the school can take advantages using their special conditions. San Francisco Art Institute is one of United States well known private film schools, but many people remember this school as a specialized film school in experimental film. San Francisco where this school is located has had many liberal and experimental artists as the city has been supporting and offering them an environment they can concentrate their work. Naturally, the school has world famous faculty members in experimental film, and students who want to study and make experimental film come to this school from all over the world because they know this school would be the best to study experimental film. There are many film schools in metro Los Angeles area; since its location near Hollywood, no wonder these schools concentrate on film producing and film production. They take advantage of their geographical location to hire film industry professional and to focus on commercial feature film productions. What we can do now to adjust the curriculum in film and film related major in Korean colleges is to adapt new standards in this changed film industry. One school can emphasize digital production while another school focuses on digital intermediate process. But if one school tries to both fields or all fields of film major just like we have done so far, the school could not take care of all the equipment and the faculty that the fields would need. Korean film schools should devide the field in film major and concentrate what they selected. Selection and concentration can be and should be applied in Korean film schools.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.531-536
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• 2010

A quantitative analytical method has been established for the measurement of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV). IMPDH is a ${\beta}$-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NAD+)-dependent dehydrogenase in which the enzyme converts inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) into xanthosine 5'-monophosphate (XMP). Its activity was measured by quantifying a HPLC chromatogram corresponding to XMP produced during the incubation of lysed PBMCs with IMP as a substrate and $NAD^+$ as a coenzyme. XMP produced was detected at a wavelength of 260 nm. The mobile phase was composed of a mixture of 37 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate containing 7 mM tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate adjusted to pH 5.5 and methanol (85:15, v/v) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear ($r^2$=0.999999) in the range of $0.2-50.0\;{\mu}M$ and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was $0.2\;{\mu}M$. The intra- and inter-day precisions were between 0.88-1.47% and 0.85-5.24%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were between 98.74-99.99% and 99.95-101.65%, respectively. IMPDH activity in 11 Korean healthy volunteers ranged from 18.29 to 36.60 nmol/h/mg protein (mean = $27.70{\pm}6.28\;nmol/h/mg$ protein).