• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

Cleft lip and palate deformity have unknown patterns of maxillofacial growth and development. The maxillofacial growth can be affected either by congenital or environmental factors such as infection and trauma. Surgical repair of cleft lip and palate may interfere the subsequent growth and development of maxillofacial region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of development of maxillofacial region in adult cleft lip and palate patients and to compare post-treat-ment craniofacial morphology between cleft lip and palate patients with secondary alveolar bone graft group and normal group. The material for this study consisted of 20 adult male patients with cleft lip and palate(mean 22.5, range 18-31) visited in Yeungnam University medical center. Cephalometric tracing and measurements were done by one investigator. Results were followed: The values of Na. perpendicular to point A, SNA angle and Pogonion to Na. perpendicualrwere -4.93±5.70, 76.45±4.69, and -6.38±6.73. The values of effective maxillary length, effective mandibular length, mandibular plane angle and facial axis angle were 85.6±4. 42, 123.88±7.10, 29.9±5.09 and 5.53±2.03. The value of upper incisors to point A was 3.95±2.74.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.6 s.107
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• pp.497-505
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the post-retention stability of the lower incisor axis in Class II division 2 malocclusions. The dental casts and lateral cephalograms from before (T1) and after (T2) orthodontic treatment and long-term post-retention (T3) in 62 Class II division 2 malocclusion cases were included in this study. After several linear and angular measurements at each time were taken, the significance in the amount of change of the lower incisor axis for each gender and extraction versus non-extraction was evaluated. The results showed that the lower incisors that inclined labially during treatment were unstable and relapsed to the original lingual position in Class II division 2 malocclusions (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between extraction and non-extraction groups for the amount of lingual relapse of the lower incisors (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between male and female groups for the axial change of the lower incisors (p>0.05). As a result of multiple regression analysis, the cephalometric measurement best predicting the lower incisor position to the A-Pog line post-retention was pre-treatment L1-Apog(mm) and pre-treatment SNGoMe$(^{\circ})$. Because of the instability of labially inclined lower incisors after orthodontic treatment, the treatment goal should be the pre-treatment incisor axial position.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.3 s.98
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• pp.157-167
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find whether there is a correlation between tooth size and jaw size. Dental stone models and cephalometric radiographic films of 87 untreated individuals were evaluated. Repeated measurements of the maximum mesiodistal width of the teeth were taken by means of a digital vernier caliper. Linear measurements of jaw size were assessed by means of a digitizer and Visual C++ program. All measurements were taken separately according to the subject's gender. To determine the relationship between jaw and tooth size, the Pearson correlation was used. The results were as follows: 1. Male and female subjects showed a statistical difference in regard to tooth size and jaw size 2. In contrast to the results of the male subjects, there were no statistically significant correlations between maxillary size and maxillary teeth size in female subjects 3. In male subjects, the two maxillary sizes of PTM vert-ANS vert (FH plane) and PTM vert-A yen (palatal plane) were significantly correlated with themaxillary teeth size. Especially, the size of the upper central incisor showed significant correlation with all maxillary sizes. 4. In both male and female subjects, mandibular size B vert- Point J vert (mandibular plane) showed significant correlation with mandibular teeth size. As gleaned kom the results of this study, the relationship between jaw size and tooth size was fair or little in natural occurring good occlusion.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.293-303
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• 2000

앵글씨 분류에 따른 최대개구시 하악의 수직 변위에 대한 차이를 확인하고, 수직 하악운동에 영향을 주는 골격요소를 확인하기 위하여, 측두하악관절 및 저작계 이상에 대한 증상 및 병력이 없으며 발치 및 교정치료의 경험이 없는 광주지역 대학에 재학중인 학생들을 대상으로, 앵글씨 구치부 관계에 근거하여 1급군(남:30명, 여:49명), 2급군(남:18명, 여:24명)과 3급군(남:18명, 여:33명)으로 분류하여 총 172명(연령 범주:20-30세)의 학생을 선택하였다. 전남대학교 병원 구강내과에서 사용하는 계측용자를 이용하여 최대 개구시 상하악 중절치 절단면간의 거리를 측정하였다. 대상자들의 진단모형을 만들어 상하악궁 길이와 폭경를 측정하였다. 대상자들에 대한 두부 규격방사선 사진을 촬영, 작도하고 방사선학적 지표를 계측, 비교분석하였다. 앵글씨 분류 1급군, 2급군 그리고 3급군 절치간 최대개구량은 3급군이 가장 컸으며 모든 군에서 남자가 여자보다 컸다. 구치간 최대개구량은 앵글씨 분류 1급군, 2급군 그리고 3급군에서 각 군간의 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 모든 군에서 남자가 더 컸다. 앵글씨 분류 1급군과 2급군의 하악운동에서 총 하악골 길이, 하악지 길이, 하악 하연부 길이 그리고 상악궁 폭경이 변수로 나타났으며, 상하악궁 길이와는 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 앵글씨 분류 3급군의 하악운동에서 상하악궁 길이와 안면 부길이가 1급군과 2급군과는 다른 중요한 변수로 나타났으며, 상악궁의 폭경과는 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 앵글씨 분류 각 군에서 하악개구운동은 안면 골격구조의 영향을 받으며, 각 군간에 영향을 주는 안면 골격 요소들은 차이가 있었다. 따라서 이러한 골격적 요소들은 개구량 개선을 위한 진단과 치료시 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.3 s.74
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• pp.285-301
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• 1999

There is a need for more accurate prediction in surgical orthodontic treatment. Video imaging is an important technology in planning orthognathic surgery and educating patients about the esthetic results after treatment. Preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalogram of 30 patients who had one piece Le Fort I osteotomy advancement and mandibular set back by bilateral intraoral vertical ramal osteotomy with or without genioplasty were used in this study. The computer generated soft tissue line drawing prediction were compared with the actual postoperative cephalograms .The results are as follows. 1. 14 variables showed Statistically significant differences from 24 variables between computer predicted profile and post operative profile 2. Most of the differences were found in the maxilla-related soft tissue landmarks. 3. The predicted results were more accurate in the groups who had small amount of mandibular set back. 4. The predicted results were more accurate in the groups who had no genioplasty. Most of these differences were within 2mm ranges. Therefore profile change prediction by video imaging could be considered clinically acceptable.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.3 s.92
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• pp.155-163
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• 2002

This study was performed to assess the accuracy of computer-based treatment prediction for soft tissue profile using Quick Ceph Image $Pro^{TM}\;&\;Quick\;Ceph\;2000^{TM}$ in bimaxillary protrusion cases. The Ore- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 21 female adults treated by low first premolar extraction were imaged and 9 landmarks and 27 specific soft tissue mesurements were digitized for comparing actual treatment results with computer simulations. The results of this study showed that Quick Ceph Image $Pro^{TM}\;&\;Quick\;Ceph\;2000^{TM}$ tends to overestimeate horizontal changes and underestimate vertical changes. In the computer simulation, upper lip showed rolling tendency. The upper lip measurements were disposed to be regular direction hut lower lip measurements were varied case by case even if it was statistically insignificant.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2005

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by sleep-induced obstruction of the upper airway that results in cessation of airflow. Obstruction can occur at a number of points in the airway, but frequently in the oropharynx. A diagnostic evaluation includes cephalometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, acoustic reflection technique, polysomnography and fibroptic endoscopy. Cephalometric measurements of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea have revealed that posterior airway anatomy has strong relations with the symptoms of them. A lateral cephalogram is routinely obtained in the radiologic evaluation of sleep apnea patients. The purpose of this study is to provide a the lateral cephalometric korean norms for the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea by analyzing the abnormal occlusion of Korean adults.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 2001

The purpose of this study cephalometrically evaluated changes in the posterior airway space for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) before and after surgical advancement of the maxilla and mandible. The change in calculated airway resistance was correlated with the respiratory disturbance index(RDI). Twenty cephalometric radiographs were traced before and after surgery to determine the posterior airway area and calculate resistance. Polysomnograms of each patient were obtained before and after surgery. All patients had a decrease in calculated airflow resistance in the airway. The mean amount of resistance was 865.15 before surgery, decreasing to 192.65 after surgery (p<0.01). Eighty-five percent of the patients experienced improvement in their RDI. Reduction in the RDI appears to be due to an increase in the posterior airway space and decrease in flow resistance.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 1978

The author compared and analysed the roentgenocephalograms of one hundred Korean adults with the normal occlusion (50 males and 50 females), which were taken on the centric occlusion and the rest position of the mandible respectively for every subject, and then researched the relations among the relaxed muscle of the mandible, lightly touched of the lips, and the position just after the swallowing of saliva, of which 38 among 50 males had the rest position of the mandible. The results are as followings: 1. The anterior facial height increases more at the rest position of the mandible than at the centric occlusion, while the posterior facial height decreases. 2. The mandible moves more backward and downward at the rest position of the mandible than at the centric occlusion. 3. The facial procumbency and the incisor tooth inclination increases more at the rest position of the mandible than the centric occlusion in terms of the facial plane. 4. There are no differences between males and females at the rest position of the mandible and the centric occlusion in the meaning of variation. 5. There are no differences among the three methods from the view of lines and angles of the roentgenocephalogram.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 1982

A cephalometric radiographic cross sectional comparative study was undertaken to investigate craniofacial growth in cleft lip and palate individuals. The material for this study consisted of 43 subjects with operated cleft lip and palate.(29 males, 14 females). The range of age was from 6 years to 12 years. The roentgenocephalometric values of cleft individuals were compared with values of normal individuals reported by Lee. The following conclusions were obtained; 1) The pattern of cranial base of the cleft subjects was almost the same as that previously reported for the normal individuals. 2) Anterio-posterior length of the mandible did not show any significant difference but in the cleft subjects, that of the males was larger than that of the females. 3) The maxilla of the cleft subjects was very retruded and showed very concave profile. 4) Gonial angle of the cleft subjects was very high, especially in the female clefts. 5) The height of ramus was very poor in the cleft subjects. 6) The facial length was almost the same, but the facial depth of the cleft subjects was smaller than that of the normal individuals. 7) Maxillary and mandibular incisors were severely retroclined. 8) The range of values in the cleft subjects was very variable and the female clefts showed more distured growth than the male clefts.