• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

In the field of pediatric dentistry, comparison and analysis of cephalogram values of children are important fir evaluation of growth and development, and are essential to evaluate the craniofacial form and growth pattern for early diagnosis of malocclusion. For this, cephalographic norm values are important, but not many studies on the primary dentition exist. To compare the past norm values of normal occlusion in the primary dentition with current norms, preschool children, 4 to 5 years of age, with normal occlusion in the primary dentition who visited our hospital were examined. Among these children, 46 children with normal facial form and developmental status were chosen for evaluation of cephalogram values. The following results were as follows: 1. For skeletal values, the angular values showed no significant differences between males and females, and the linear values were generally greater in males than females. 2. SNA was $81.3^{\circ}$, SNB was $76.6^{\circ}$ and ANB difference was $4.7^{\circ}$. 3. The ratio for Mandibular body length to Anterior cranial base length was 0.9 : 1 for both male and female and the ratio for posterior facial height to anterior facial height was 61.4 % for male, 62.0 % for female. 4. For dental values, IMPA was $84.2^{\circ}$ and UA to SN was $90.8^{\circ}$. 5. The upper lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.6 mm anteriorly, and the lower lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.5 mm anteriorly.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.4 s.63
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• pp.633-641
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• 1997

Spatial change of craniofacial structures from growth or orthopedic force is usually evaluated by cephalometric superimpositions at different points in time.As the evaluation cu be changed according to cephalometric superimposition method,selettion for correct superimposition method is very important.Double registration of nineteen pairs of female lateral head films,their growth period is average 3.7 years and age is overage 10.7 years,were performed by two observers.Comparisions was made between two methods and the results revealed the following, 1. NS line and ACB superimpositions ate not markedly different in reliability due to almost same registration error of them. 2. The investigation was undertaken to examine interobserver difference.In NS line method, there is no significance in all measurements. In ACB method,significant difference was revealed in 4 measurements of 7 measurements was 3. In the investigation of intermethod difference, there is no significance between NS line and ACB superimpositions

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.2 s.67
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• pp.203-217
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• 1998

Sella turcica contains pituitary gland that has influence on craniofacial growth. So, if the volume of sella turcica correlate to the function of Pituitary gland, we can assume that the volume of sella turcica in skeletal Class III patients has some difference to that of normal occlusion group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of shape and volume of sella turcica between normal occlusion group and Class III patients. The shape of sella turcica was Classified by Inaba method and the volume of sella turcica was measured in lateral and P-A cephalograms by Di Chiro method. To find out the possibility of the volume of sella turcica as diagnostic aid to predict Class III growth pattern, the correlation coefficients between the volume of sella and cephalometric variables were calculated. The results were as follows. 1. The volume of sella turcica in Class III patients is larger than that of normal occlusion groups 2. The volume of sella turcica in female was larger than that of male in Class III patients 3. The volume of sella turcica has close correlation with APDI, ANB, SNA, SNB, ODI, gonial angle, post. cranial base length 4. Sella Index (volume of sella / ant. cranial base length) can be a more accurate indicator that represent Class III growth pattern than volume of sella itself. 5. The morphologic pattern of sella turcica had no significant difference between two groups.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2010

The purpose of this article was to evaluate the effects of a new upper molar distalization system, the Frog Appliance, on dentofacial structures in a Class II, division 1 patient. An 11-year-old girl was referred to our clinic for orthodontic treatment. She had a mild skeletal Class II malocclusion with Class II molar and canine relationship on both sides. The treatment plan included distalization of the upper first molars bilaterally followed by full fixed appliance therapy. For the upper molar distalization, a new system, the Frog Appliance, was constructed and applied. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to evaluate the treatment results. Distalization of the upper first molars was achieved in four months successfully, and Class I molar relationship was obtained. Total treatment time was 16 months. According to the results of the cephalometric evaluation, a nearly bodily distal molar movement with a slight anchorage loss was attained. In conclusion, the Frog Appliance was found to be a simple, ef ective, non-invasive, and compliance-free intraoral distalization appliance for achieving bilateral molar distalization.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.487-495
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to compare each maximum biting force and to investigate its relationship with the facial skeketal form, number and position of tooth contact between anterior openbite and normal occlusion adults, using the T-scan system and the lateral cephalogram. The subjects of this study consisted of a group of 25 individuals with normal occlusion and another group of 14 with anterior openbite. The obtained results of this study were as follows : 1. The maximum biting force of anterior openbite adults was less than that of normal occlusion adults. 2. In anterior openbite adults, there were negative correlations between the maximum, biting force and SN/MP, FMA, PP/MP mesurement of lateral cephalogram. 3. In anterior openbite adults, as the mesial angulation of lower first molar against the occlusal plane increased, the more the biting force decreased. 4. In both groups, the greater the number of tooth contact, the more the biting force increased. 5. In both groups, the center of effort for anteroposterior occlusal contact was located on the first molar region.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 1991

This study was made to investigate the effect of adenoidectomy on dentofacial skeleton in naso-respiratory dysfunction children. The clinical material compromised the 24 children in a previous study who had naso-respiratory dysfunction and 24 children who were the nasal breathing with normal occlusion. The cephalograms were taken at the initial examination and 1 year later for the control group and experimental group the paired sample statistical analysis was performed. The result were as follows. 1. In cranial base variable, difference between two groups were not statistically significant. 2. In craniofacial variable, experimental group showed brachyfacial pattern but control groups didn't show significant growth pattern. 3. In maxillary variables, experimental group showed flattening the palptal plane. 4. In mandibular variables, experimental group showed the decrease of mandibular plane angle and gonial angle. 5. In facial height variables, experimental group showed horizontal growth rotation.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.655-661
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• 2010

Objectives : This study is aimed to prevent the damage to the inferior alveolar nerve during the orthognathic surgery. Methods : The control group consist of 50 patients with class I occlusion. The experimental group consist of 50 patients with class III malocclusion. The cepalometric radiography was used to evaluate the position of the mental foramina. Results : In the first, mental foramen position of class III was more inferior 0.85 mm in the distance between base of mandible and mental foramen. But the distance between occlusal plan and mental foramen had not statistically significant. Secondly, mental foramen location of Mandibular Prognathism was more anterior 0.91 mm in the distance between coronal plane of mandible included pogonion point and mental foramen. Also, the distance of occlusal-coronal plane of mandible included central incisor and mental foramen had statistically significant. The mental foramen location of class III was more anterior 4.81 mm than class I patients. Conclusions : The result of this study could help the clinicians to apprehend fundamental data with various facial skeletal types for any related researches about the location of the mental foramina for other purposes.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2011

The purpose of study is for the certified correlations of hand-wrist radiograph with cervical vertebrae for skeletal maturation in children. Normal evaluation devices of growth stage is sexual feature, biological age, tooth development stage, height and weight. Evaluation of growth potential is very important for childhood and puberty. The skeletal developmental stages were evaluated by using the hand-wrist radiograph and cephalometric radiograph that obtained from 6 to 18 years old children. 1. Chronologic age was not more suitable indicator of skeletal development compared to Skeletal Maturity Indicators(SMI) and Cervical Vertebrae Maturation(CVM) stages. 2. SMI and CVM stages for females occurred earlier than that for male. 3. SMI 1 and 2 stages were corresponded to CVM 1; SMI 3,4 = CVM 2; SMI 5,6 = CVM 3. 4. Reproducibility and reliability of observer for SMI and CVM were excellent. This results suggest CVM stage is comparable to SMI stage in terms of evaluating the skeletal development.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.6 s.71
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• pp.937-946
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• 1998

The patient with an anterior open bite has one of the most difficult orthodontic problem to correct. Previous studies have yielded different conclusions as to exactly where the morphologic problems associated with vertical dysplasia-high angle cases are located. In order to identify the cephalometric features of high angle cases and highlight the measurements that characterize high angle cases, 109 pretreatment cephalograms, 35 high angle, 37 average angle, and 37 low angle cases, were analyzed and compared statistically. As the mandibular plane was steeper, the anterior facial height, especially lower anterior facial height, became greater, and the posterior facial height became smaller. All the dentoalveolar vertical dimensions, especially in upper, increased. And all the skeletal angular measurements increased. Especially Lower genial angle had most positive correlation to mandibular Plane angle. Upper incisor was lingually inclined, and lower incisor was labially inclined in high angle cases.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.185-194
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• 2001

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of angulation changes of head posture on the enlargement ratios of a lateral headfilm depending on the vortical or horizontal rotation of the objects. A device was constructed to measure regional changes of enlargement ratios. The device was held within the cephalostat and cephalograms recorded at each measured degrees of the device tilting, vertically and horizontally. The enlargement ratios of the horizontal, vertical, and angular measurements on the films taken at each tilted angulations were obtained and compared with those on the films taken without rotation. In summary, the enlargement ratios of the horizontal linear measurements were decreased during horizontal rotations. The enlargement ratios of vortical measurements of the right side on the film were increased and those of the left side were decreased by the horizontal rotations. Enlargement ratios of horizontal measurements were affected further than those of vertical measurements by the same angular changes of the horizontal rotations. Therefore, a disruption of parallelism between the object's midsagittal plane and the film could result in distortion of the image while vertical rotation around the object's porionic axis would not significantly affect the enlargement ratios on the headfilm.