• Title/Summary/Keyword: 두보(杜甫)

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Variations of the poem Song of Eight Drunken Celestials by Du Fu - Paintings Expressing the Poetic Ideas and the Preface and Postscript to the painting (시(詩)의 변주, 시의도(詩意圖)와 서발(序跋) - <음중팔선가(飮中八仙歌)>, <음중팔선도(飮中八仙圖)>, <음중팔선도서(飮中八仙圖序)> -)

  • KANG, KYUNG HEE
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.37
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    • pp.189-216
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    • 2009
  • The poem Song of Eight Drunken Celestials by Du Fu(杜甫) of the Tang Dynasty was one of the most favored theme by many painters through the Song, the Yuan, the Ming and the Qing Dynasty, as well as in Korea Chosun Dynasty and in Japan. This paper focuses on the paintings depicting Song of Eight Drunken Celestials by Wu Qiu(尤求) of the Ming Dynasty, Kim Hongdo (金弘道) of the Chosun Dynasty and Kaiho Yusho(海北友松) of Japan Momoyama Period, makes a comparative study of them. And also focuses on two preface and a postscript to the painting Eight Drunken Celestials by Yi Dukmu(李德懋), Park Jega(朴齊家) and Yi Bongwhuan(李鳳煥) of the Chosun Dynasty, makes a comparative study of them. This study helps us understand the repetition and the differences between the poem as an Ur-text and the paintings and the prose about the painting as the parody texts.

Hwaunsi(和韻詩) on the Poems of Tu Fu(杜甫) and Su Shi(蘇軾) Written by Simjae(深齋) Cho Geung-seop(曺兢燮) in the Turning Point of Modern Era (근대 전환기 심재 조긍섭의 두(杜)·소시(蘇詩) 화운시)

  • Kim, Bo-kyeong
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.56
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    • pp.35-73
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    • 2014
  • This paper examined the poem world of Simjae(深齋) Cho Geung-seop(曺兢燮: 1873-1933) in the turning point of the modern era, focused on his Hwaunsi (和韻詩: Poems written by using the rhymes of other poets' poems). In his poems, there are lots of Hwaunsi on the poems of Tu Fu(杜甫) and Su Shi(蘇軾), especially. This makes him regarded as a medieval poet, engaged in Chinese poem creation in the most traditional method in the turbulent period. Looking at the Hawunsi(和韻詩) alone, Simjae's creative life became the starting point of turnaround at around 40 years old. Before the age of 40, the poets in the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty and Korean figures like Lee Hwang(李滉), as well as Tu Fu and Su Shi were the subjects of his Hwanunsi. After the age of 40, some examples of writing poems using the rhymes of other poets' poems, especially Korean figures related to regions, are often found, reducing Hwaunsi on Tu Fu and Su Shi. Simjae called Tu Fu the integration of poets, talking about the integrity of poetic talent and his being highly proficient in mood and view. As reflecting such an awareness, the themes and moods and views are demonstrated diversely in Simjae's Hwaunsi. Although, he did not reveal his thinking about the poems of Su Shi, he seemed to love Su Shi's poems to some degree. The closeness to the original poems, the poems of Tu Fu are relatively higher than those of Su Shi. Roughly speaking, Simjae tried to find his own individuality, intending to follow Tu Fu, but, he seemed to attempt to reveal his intention using Su Shi's poems, rather than trying to imitate. To carefully examine, Simjae wrote Hwaunsi, but he did not just imitate, but revealed the aesthetics of comparison and difference. In many cases, he made new meanings by implanting his intentions in the poems, while sharing the opportunity of creation, rather than bringing the theme and mood and view as they are. The Hwaunsi on Su Shi's poems reveal the closeness to the original poems relatively less. This can be the trace of an effort to make his own theme and individuality, not being dominated by the Hwaun(和韻: using the rhymes of other poets' poems) entirely, as he used the creative method having many restrictions. However, it is noted that the Hwaunsi on Tu Fu's poems was not written much, after the age of 40. Is this the reason why he realized literary reality that he could not cope with anymore with only his effort within the Hwaunsi? For example, he wrote four poems by borrowing Su Shi's Okjungsi(獄中詩: poem written in jail) rhymes and also wrote Gujung Japje(拘中雜題), in 1919, while he was detained. In these poems, his complex contemplation and emotion, not restricted by any poet's rhymes, are revealed diversely. Simjae's Hwaunsi testifies the reality, in which Chinese poetry's habitus existed and the impressive existence mode at the turning point of the modern era. Although, the creation of Hwaunsi reflects his disposition of liking the old things, it is judged that his psychology, resisting modern characters' change, affected to some degree in the hidden side. In this regard, Simaje's Hwaunsi encounters limitation on its own, however, it has significance in that some hidden facts were revealed in the modern Chinese poetry history, which was captured with attention under the name of novelty, eccentricity and modernity.

A Study on Korean Language Translation of Chinese Traditional Hansi in the 1910s and 1920s (1910~20년대 시인의 전통 한시 국역 양상과 의미 연구 - 최남선, 김소월, 김억, 이광수를 중심으로 -)

  • Chung, So-yeon
    • Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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    • no.34
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    • pp.149-191
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    • 2017
  • This study examines Korean language translations of traditional Chinese hansi in the 1910s and 1920s. In the $20^{th}$ century, many poets translated Chinese and Korean traditional hansi into Korean. In the early $20^{th}$ century, Korean language began to be used as a national public language. At that time, not only hansi but also poetry from several other languages had been translated into Korean. Choi Nam-sun in the 1910s and Kim So-woel, Kim Eok, and Lee Kwang-su in the 1920s translated Chinese traditional hansi, focusing on famous Dang dynasty poetry from Tu Fu and Li Bai, etc. Choi Nam-sun's translation in the 1910s aimed to consider poetry as a written literature. On the contrary, Kim So-woel, Kim Eok, and Lee Kwang-su believed that Korean modern verse literature should be songs as well as poetry, and their translations in the 1920s aimed to create songs as spoken literature by focusing on orality and universality. Though Korean is now the language, the literary history of hansi continues in modern poetry.

주자지(周紫芝), 『죽파시화(竹坡詩話)』에 관한 시론(試論)

  • Kim, Gyu-Seon
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.59
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    • pp.213-231
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    • 2015
  • 양송(兩宋) 교체기의 중요한 시인이자 비평가인 주자지(周紫芝)의 "죽파시화(竹坡詩話)"는 당시의 여느 시화와 마찬가지로 각 조 사이의 관계가 전혀 유기적이지 않으며 주제도 천차만별이다. 하지만 그 안에 도연명(陶淵明), 두보(杜甫), 이백(李白), 한유(韓愈), 류종원(柳宗元) 등의 당대(唐代) 시인부터 소식(蘇軾), 황정견(黃庭堅), 매요신(梅堯臣), 장뢰(張?) 같은 송대(宋代) 시인에 이르기까지 직, 간접적으로 언급된 시인이 40여 명이나 되고 그들의 작품에 대한 평가와 격률(格律), 자구(字句), 용사(用事)에 대한 분석 및 고증, 그리고 주자지 개인의 시론이 단문 형태로 흩어져 있다. 하지만 그것들을 종합, 개괄하면 주자지의 심오하고 독창적인, 시의 격식과 내용을 함께 존중하는 시학(詩學)을 확인할 수 있다. 그러나 "죽파시화"는, 본래 주자지가 이른바 '남도시단(南渡詩壇)'의 주요 시인이었기 때문에 상대적으로 시 이외의 기타 저작이 홀시되었고 그의 스승이 장뢰(張?), 이지의(李之儀)였던 사실로부터 그의 시학 역시 강서시파(江西詩派)를 답습했을 것이라는 판단이 미리 내려진 탓에 지금까지 시문학사에서 온당한 평가를 받지 못했다. 하지만 주자지는 "죽파시화"에서 당시 형식과 기교에 편중했던 강서시파 말류의 병폐를 명확히 인식하여 독자적으로 자연스러움과 조탁을 고도로 통일시킨 시학을 제시하였다. 요컨대 기계적인 모방 이론에 반대하고 평담(平淡), 자연(自然), 청원(淸遠)의 풍격을 추구하는 한편, 연구(煉句), 연자(煉字)에 힘씀으로써 오히려 평담함의 시풍에 이르게 된다고 하였다. 주자지의 이런 시학은 중국 시문학사에서 그 지위를 재평가 받아야 하며, 아울러 송대뿐만 아니라 오늘날에도 시인과 평론가들이 참고할 만한 보편적 가치를 가졌다.

한국애서가클럽 주최 '제2회 세계좁쌀책 전시회' 지상중계

  • Korean Publishers Association
    • The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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    • s.95
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    • pp.24-25
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    • 1991
  • 한국애서가클럽(회장 여승구)이 마련한 제2회 '세계좁쌀책 전시회'(10월25일-11월25일)가 한국출판판매주식회사(종로구 신문로2가) 전시실에서 열리고 있다. 1984년의 첫 전시회에 이은 이번 전시회에는 세계각국에서 수집한 회원들의 소장품 558종 (13개국)을 출품해 선보였다. 세계에서 두번째로 작은 $1.4\times1.4mm$의 일본돗판주식회사 간행 "주기도문"은 눈에 보이지 않을 만큼 작거니와 손톱 만한 크기의 상아에 조각한 중국 두보의 시, 작은 병풍처럼 펼쳐지는 우리나라 수진본 등등이 마치 소인국 도서관을 들여다보는 듯하다. 그 가운데 몇가지 재미있는 세계의 좁쌀책을 소개한다.

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Modes of Expression in the Paintings of the Eight Drunken Immortals in Poetry Paintings and Narrative Paintings (시의도와 고사도 사이, 음중팔선도의 표현 양상)

  • Song, Heekyung
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.66
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    • pp.331-362
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    • 2017
  • The paintings of the Eight Drunken Immortals refer to the paintings based on an influential poem called "The Song of the Eight Drunken Immortals" by Du Fu, a Chinese poet from the Tang Dynasty. This poem is about the eccentricity of the Eight Immortals known for their love of drinking. The Eight Drunken Immortals have been widely appreciated among East Asian intellectuals, and their stories have also been translated into paintings. Greatly influenced by Li Gonglin's Painting of the Eight Drunken Immortals, people in China have the tendency to create similar scroll paintings, using contour drawing tools. Meanwhile, in Korea, the paintings of the Eight Drunken Immortals have been widely appreciated both as a type of visual art embodying the Drunken Immortals' taste for the arts and as a meaningful object conveying the people's wish for longevity and eternal friendship. According to historical records, the paintings of the Eight Drunken Immortals from the Ming Dynasty were drawn on eight-fold folding screens using a sophisticated ink wash painting technique. In the meantime, the Painting of the Eight Drunken Immortals appreciated by King Jeongjo from the Joseon Dynasty was a colored landscape painting with small human figures on an eight-fold folding screen. Since the recent discovery of Yi Han-cheol's Painting of the Eight Drunken Immortals on an eight-fold folding screen, it has now become possible to imagine how renowned artists such as Kim Hong-do and Kim Yang-gi would have made the narrative figure paintings. In particular, the story of Li Bai, one of the Eight Immortals, was the most famous one often told in the paintings. After the 19th century, there was even an entire panel of narrative folding screen made about Li Bai. As painting manuals and outline drawings were pervasively used, the narrative paintings on Li Bai were mass-produced among commoners. As you can see from this, the Eight Drunken Immortals have been visually represented as thirsty souls who are not disconnected from the world, as honest men of refined taste for the arts, and as protagonists of an object that conveys the people's wish for longevity and eternal friendship. In other words, the paintings of the Eight Drunken Immortals embody multiple undertones: as paintings based on Du Fu's poems and as narrative paintings on the Eight Immortals.

Reading Korean and Chinese Paintings Expressing the Ideas of Classical Literary Works - Focused on Interpretation of The Text (한국과 중국의 시의화(詩意畵) 읽기 - 텍스트의 해석을 중심으로 -)

  • Kang, KyungHee
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.50
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    • pp.261-294
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this paper lies how the original text of Chinese classical literary works have been implemented in the paintings of China and Korea, and inspect the ways how of these original text interpreted in paintings. It is an experiment of trying to analyze through literature with painting and read again painting through literature. Qu Yuan(屈原) Prose Poem of Fisherman("漁父辭"), Tao Yuanming(陶淵明) Prose Poem of Returning Home("歸去來辭") and the prose with a poem on the peach blossom spring("桃花源記幷詩"), Du Fu(杜甫), Song of Eight Drunken Celestials("飮中八仙歌"), Su Shi(蘇軾), Odes on the Red Cliff("赤壁賦"), Ou Yangxiu(歐陽脩), Odes of the Sounds of Autumn("秋聲賦") and the paintings which based on these texts were the target of examination. These literary texts shared by Chinese and Korea have been compared in the aspects of acceptance and enjoyment. And on the basis of this process the characteristics of korean paintings expressing the ideas of classical literary works was induced. As a result, the following facts are derived. First, By the emergence of the typical style which was formed historically in China at the korean painting shows that korean painters not only actively embraced the art style of China also did not lose the international sense. Second, through the profound study for chinese painting, they transformed it in accordance with korean aesthetic view and finally revealed typical korean characteristics. Third, the results as described above showed the difference of perception and interpretation of literary works between China and Korea.

Quest of Wang Yak-heo(王若虚)'s Theories of Poetry - With a focus on Three Volumes of 「Talks on Chinses Poetry」 among "the Collected Writings of Wang Yak-heo"(滹南遺老集) (王若虚的詩論探究(왕약허의 시론 탐구) - 以《滹南遺老集》中的《詩話》三卷爲主(『호남유로집』 중 「시화」 3권을 중심으로) -)

  • Jang, Yung-Ki
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.34
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    • pp.207-224
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    • 2009
  • This research is a quest of theories of poetry of Wang Yak-heo who was a literary critic during Chin(金) dynasty in ancient China. Wang Yak-heo left a fine piece of work, dubbed ${\ll}$Honam Yuro Jib${\gg}$ and, in this paper, the author closely reviewed the theories of poetry that is appeared, especially, in the three volumes of ${\ll}$Talks on Chinese Poetry${\gg}$ among the collections of Wang's poetry criticism. In particular, the author investigated the positive and negative aspects of Honam's commentaries on the works by Chinese poets, including his principles of poetics, creative skills, and practical criticism, etc. Wang Yak-heo has not been known much in the history of Chinese literary thoughts, however, his theory of criticism, especially, among the talks on Chinese the works by Chinese poets, his literature criticisms establish unique and distinctive point of views. Wang Yak-heo's poetics, more than anything else, valued nature, meanings, truth, and contents therein. He exhibited realistic view of literature. Meanwhile, he analyzed the methods of expression by Du Bo(杜甫, pronounced, "Du Fu" in Chinese), So Sik, also known as So Dong Pa (蘇軾, Su Shi or 蘇東坡, Su Dong Po in Chinese), and Hwang Jeong-gyeon(黃庭堅, Huang T'ing-chien), and highly evaluated the realistic poems written by Du Bo, Baek Geo-I (白居易, pronounced, "Bai Juyi" in Chinese), and So Sik. Also, he opposed to formalism or externality, however, he never made light of formality of poetry. In his comments on the works by Chinese poets, he highly evaluated the poems sung by So Sik and Beek Geo-I, in the mean time, however, he criticized their works without hesitation. Having set up his own unique criteria for critique, Wang didn't accept other opinions in a seemingly illogical manner, and he presented what he thoughts and other different points of view from others. Specifically, he attached great importance to whether or not modification of words and phrases, grammar, and whole context were congruent to one another and had been well harmonized. However, in his poetics, Wang was so wrapped himself in reasonableness or rationality, he analyzed each and every word in great detailed manner, as the result, he sometimes didn't read the sentiment or mood that the writers intended to express through poems. He excessively restricted himself to the words and phrases, so that he was not able to realize natural emotions and joy of imagination that were presented in the poems, and, in the end, this brought about adverse effects to the poet's thought.

The Research of Houshan's Comments on Poets and Poetry (진사도(陳師道), 『후산시화(後山詩話)』의 시론(詩論))

  • Kim, Kousun
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.70
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    • pp.9-31
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    • 2018
  • Houshan's Comments on Poets and Poetry by Chen Shidao, one of the most famous comments on poets and poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty, is regarded as the early masterpiece of the literary critic genre called comments on poets an poetry. In particular, the theory on poetry of Houshan's Comments on Poets and Poetry reflected the overall literature fashion of the Song Dynasty, and captured the typical arguments of poetics in the Song Dynasty. The poet's character-building and accumulation of knowledge, the study of Du Fu and other poets and a quest for "No Trace" reveal the practice and aesthetics of the poets in the Northern Song Dynasty. So far, Chen Shidao has been known as a formalist poet, and he has actually focused on learning the rules of verse and learning classical poetry. But the final goal of his theory on poetry was a free creation, not the strict rules. He just thought that he could get the freedom of creation by constantly learning rules and building a poem. Therefore, his comments in Houshan's Comments on Poets and Poetry can not be regarded as simply formalist views. Because he wanted to achieve his ideal freedom of creation with elaborate formats and content.