• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.229-240
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• 2004

This article aimed to suggest a program for environmental protection and sustainable development in southwest Primorskii Krai of the Russian federation by analysis of Natural conditions, natural resources and current economic activities. Issues relating to protecting unique biodiversity toward economic development are examined. Special attention is given to functional zoning of the Russian part of lower Tumen River drainage. Functional zoning is key to protecting the unique biodiversity found in wet and marshlands of the lower Tumen River. Recommendations for acceptable economic activity are provided. The major components for a Sustainable Development Program in this area are: to define economically effective and ecologically acceptable types of regional activity (aquaculture; deer farming; recreation) and effective forms of territorial organization; to determine the restrictions on regional industrial and economic development; to organize rational regional land use by carrying out functional zoning and by coordinating this activity with all land users, including restructuring existing protected territories into a single system and include it into an international biospheric network.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.5
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

In 1749, during an incident near the Tumen River in Hunchun, six people, all Qing ginseng pickers, were killed by seven Korean soldiers from the Chosŏn garrison. The Chosŏn soldiers encountered the ginseng pickers on the border and agreed to exchange goods, but when they failed to receive the proper price for rice, the soldiers became angry and decided to attack the Qing ginseng pickers. The seven Korean criminals were executed a year and a half after the incident. The whole process regarding the arrest and investigation of the criminals, as well as the official exchanges between the Qing and Chosŏn governments, were recorded in detail in the Chosŏn document written in Chinese and the Qing documents written in Manchu. In dealing with this murder case, the Qing local officials focused on identifying the murdered victims, clarifying the victims' responsibilities, and disposing of their remaining belongings. On the other hand, the Chosŏn government focused on providing reports quickly to the Qing officials about the investigation of the criminals. In doing so, it tried to reduce the risk of any possible problems that the murder case on the border could cause in its relations with the Qing government. The relevant records on this murder case show various aspects of the Qing and Chosŏn relations, including the contacts between the people along the Tumen River, border trespassing, material exchanges, rules about ginseng picking, and border patrols. This case also reveals that the Qing and Chosŏn people from various classes had different relationships depending on their respective interests.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2004

북한은 70년대 후반 들어 더욱 심각해진 식량문제를 해결하기 위해 개별 농가의 텃밭이나 뙈기밭, 기업이나 공장에서 운영하는 부업밭 개간을 권장하였다 이러한 농지개간은 90년대의 자연재해로 인한 식량난이 악화되자 산지와 간석지로 확대되기 시작하였다. 특히 산지개간의 경우 고도가 높아지고 급경사지로 개간이 진행됨에 따라 이로 인한 지표침식 문제들은 최근의 현지를 방문한 인사들이나 인공위성 영상을 통해서 직ㆍ간접적으로 알려지거나 파악되고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.137-142
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• 1999

Writers were attendee at the meeting which was held at Yanbian University Science & Technology in China from Aug. 2nd to 5th. During the meeting Study tour was conducted along the Duman River at the China side. Writers lookded the hill slop along the Duman River, Hoeyoung City, and Musan City , Status on Farmland developmnet in N, Korean could be observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2001

2000년 6월의 남북 정상회담과 동년 10월의 경의선 철도 복원을 위한 착공식을 계기로 남한과 북한은 실질적인 경제협력의 토대를 확고히 추진함과 함께, 화물 및 여객 수송에 대한 연계운행의 토대를 마련하고 있으며, 러시아는 이 기회에 서울-평양-원산-두만강-TSR로 이어지는 운송노선을 조기에 구축하고자 노력하고 있다. 그러나 이렇게 펼쳐지고 있는 정황 뒤에는 간과해서는 안될 기술적인 문제들이 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.354-356
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• 2001

은어 Plecoglossus altivelis는 우리나라를 비롯하여 일본, 대만, 중국, 만주의 일부에만 분포하며 우리나라에서는 두만강과 한강을 제외한 모든 하천 및 하구부근에 분포 하는1년생 어류로, 최근 공업화에 따른 하천 수질의 오염과 댐 축조에 의한 하천 차단 등으로 인하여 자원은 급격히 감소하고 있으며 반면에 수요는 크게 증가하고 있어, 인공 종묘 생산의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2007

Rutian village is situated at the lower stream of Tumen river- U shaped entrance which is around many small mountains. This village which can be entered through the ferry of the HyoRyongBong village had started to be founded before the "Korean village"was founded. It was cultivated by Chinese, but because of the increasing number of the Korean immigrants, it finally became the village for only Korean Chinese. It has become from the very small village in the reclamation period to the prosperous one containing 45 houses in the Cultural Revolution period. Unfortunately, after adopting the Open policy, the village got smaller and contained only 15 houses. The reasons were: many young people emigrated to big cities for economic security and the education of their children; some went abroad to get job. To see the space structure for the village, streets and the roads, which can connect 130-year-old village to the villages around it, were opened as national roads. Bat these roads disappeared and also were not used much because of the decreasing number of resident population. The residence has become from the very small village in the reclamation period to the prosperous one and then become a smaller one again now. Especially, front villages and remote villages have started to disappear. Moreover, because of a good geographical condition such as the mountain and the water, fish farms have been much built up, and so houses with business facilities have started to build up.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.187-200
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• 2003

This study was conducted by China along with the Tumen River, which cuts between of North Korea and China. As a result 92 family, 287 genera, 470 species, 57 variety 4 formas, total 531 taxa of vascular plants were identified. The surveyed area was include the region that had various vegetation such as upper swampy land, seashore dune, a river, a high mountain grassy plain, deciduous tree zone and evergreen coniferous forest zone. The specfic plants which is protected by The Natural Environmental Preseration Act appeared to 6 taxa, and rare and endangered plants conserved by Forestry Administration were found 21 taxa in these areas. Among them Lilium cernum, Jeffersonia dubia, Acanthopanax senticosus could be regarded as very important one for chinese medicine. Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelini var. principis-ruprechtii, Populus koreana, Betula fusenensis, Ulmus pumila, Ledum palustre var. diversipilosum, Rhododendron parvifolium, Vaccinium uliginosum, Astragalus membranaceus, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila, Carex gotoi, Carex capricornis etc. are not distributed in the South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.40
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• pp.169-205
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• 2007

Owing to the excavation of Goseong Munam-ri site, there has much advance in study of chronology of the early Neolithic Age flat-bottom potteries distributed in the mid-eastern part of Korean Peninsular. Relics such as stone tools, clay products, ornaments as well as potteries from Goseong Munam-ri site reflect cultural relation with Boisman culture in Duman river basin area and with the southern part of Korean Peninsular. Common features can be found in some potteries, arrowheads, scrapers, and sinkers from Boisman culture and Goseong Munam-ri site. There are much more common features in pottery and earring-making techniques observed in Goseong Munam-ri site and the southern part of the peninsular. Thus it may be possible to analogize migration or spread of people from the mid-eastern part to the southern part of Korean Peninsular.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.93-97
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• 2003

북한은 70년대 이후부터 부족한 식량문제 해결을 위해 구릉이나 사면경사가 16$^{\circ}$ 이상인 산지사면까지 개간하여 다락밭으로 이용하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그렇지만 경사지 개간에 따른 농경지 확대에도 불구하고 북한의 식량문제는 농업에 대한 투자 소홀, 불리한 지형과 기상조건, 생산의욕 상실 등이 주된 원인으로 알려져 있다(김성훈, 1992;권오홍, 1999; 부경생, 2001). 특히, 90년대에 발생한 자연재해 1993년의 냉해, 1994년 우박피해, 1995, 1996년 홍수 및 1997년의 가뭄 등은 북한의 경제와 식량수급 문제를 더욱 어렵게 하였다. (중략)