• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.678-681
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• 2003

In this paper, we aims to develop a microcontroll er-based portable pulse oximeter using Compact Flash Interface. First, portable pulse oxineter system is designed to record 2 channel of biosignals simultaneously, including 1 channel of SpO$_2$ and 1 channel of pulse rate. It is very small and portable. Besides, the system makes it possible to measure a patients condition without an additional medical equipment. We tried to solve the problems generated by a patient's motion. That is, we added an analog circuit to a traditional pulse oximeter in order to eliminate the change of the base line. And we used 2D sector algorithm. As present, SpO$_2$ modules are completed. But there are still many further development needed in order to enhance the function. Especially, compact flash interface remains the most to complete. Second, ECG monitoring system uses almost same as present 3-lead ECG system. But we focus on the analog part, especially in filter. The proposed filter is composed of two parts. One is a filter to remove the power-line interface. The other is a filter to remove the baseline drift. A filter to remove the power-line and the baseline drift is necessarily used in the ECG system. The implemented filter have three features; minimizing the distortion in DC component, removing the harmonic component of power-line frequency. Using compact flash interface, we can easily transfer a patient's personal information and the measured signal data to a network based server environment. That means, it is possible to implement a patient's monitoring system with low cost.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2009

KOMPSAT-2 is the seventh high-resolution image satellite in the world that provides both 1m-grade panchromatic images of the GSD and 4m-grade multispectral images of the GSD. It's anticipated to be used across many different areas including mapping, territory monitoring and environmental watch. However, due to the complexity and security concern involved with the use of the MSC, the use of KOMPSAT-2 images are limited in terms of geometric images, such as satellite orbits and detailed mapping information. Therefore, this study aims to produce DEM and orthoimage by using the stereo images of KOMPSAT-2, and to explore the applicability of geo-spatial information with KOMPSAT -2. Orientation interpretations were essential for the production of DEM and orthoimage using KOMPSAT-2 images. In the study, they are performed by utilizing both RPC and GCP. In this study, the orientation interpretations are followed by the generation of DEM and orthoimage, and the analysis of their accuracy based on a 1:5,000 digital map. The accuracy analysis of DEM is performed and the results indicate that their altitudes are, in general, higher than those obtained from the digital map. The altitude discrepancies on plains, hills and mountains are calculated as 1.8m, 7.2m, and 11.9m, respectively. In this study, the mean differences between horizontal position between the orthoimage data and the digital map data are found to be ${\pm}3.081m$, which is in the range of ${\pm}3.5m$, within the permitted limit of a 1:5,000 digital map. KOMPSAT-2 images are used to produce DEM and orthoimage in this research. The results suggest that DEM can be adequately used to produce digital maps under 1:5,000 scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 1995

This paper describes a personal computer(PC) based color fish finder to improve some problem of the commercial one. The commercial fish finder has no function of the echo data logging and replaying. The authors developed two types of the PC based color fish finder. One is a master type composed of a PC, a digital input-output board, and analog to digital converting (A/D) board and an ultrasonic transceiver unit, the other is a slave type composed of a PC and an A/D board. To test the performances of the master type experiments were carried out in air and in a water tank. It is found that the designed master type fish finder displays very well an eight-colored echogram by one dot resolution to the left side of the PC monitor. Also, the depth of echo signal was corresponds very well to the range from the transducer to a target. The sampling interval of echo signal is about 0.1m and the time of A/D conversion is 30 $\mu$sec. On the other hand, to test the performances of the slave type a raw data of echo signals from a data logger was supplied directly or via RF transceivers to the slave type one. From this experiment, it is confirmed the slave type is useful to replay the echo signal from the data logger or a telesounder.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.64-77
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• 2021

Objective: Biological monitoring of trace elements in human blood samples has become an important indicator of the health environment. The purpose of this study was to detect and evaluate multiple metal items in blood samples based on ICP-MS, to perform comparative evaluation with the existing analysis method, and to develop and verify a new method. Methods: 100 μL of whole blood from 80 healthy subjects was used to analyze ten metals (Sb, tAs, Cd, Pb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Tl) using ICP-MS. Verification of the analysis method included calculation of linearity, accuracy, precision and detection limits. In addition, a comparative test with the conventional graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS) method was performed. In the case of Pb, Cd, and Hg in whole blood, cross-analysis between Pb, Cd, and Hg analysis methods was performed to confirm the difference between the existing method and the new method (ICP-MS). Results: The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.999 or higher in seven items and 0.995 or higher in three items. The Pb result showed that Pearson's correlation coefficient was very high at 0.983, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.966. The Cd result showed that Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.917 between the existing method and the new analysis concentration value. Its intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.960, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Hg had a low correlation at 0.687, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.761, which was lower than that of Pb and Cd. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy of Pd and Cd were satisfactory, but Hg did not meet the criteria for both accuracy and precision when compared with the conventional analysis method. Conclusion: This study can be meaningful in that it proposes a more efficient and feasible analysis method by verifying a blood heavy metal concentration experiment using multiple simultaneous analyses. All samples were processed and analyzed using the new ICP-MS. It was confirmed that the agreement between the two methods was very high, with the agreement between the current and new methods being 0.769 to 0.998. This study proposes an efficient simultaneous methodology capable of analyzing multiple elements with small samples. In the future, studies of various applications and the reliability of ICP-MS analysis methods are required, and research on the verification of accurate, precise, and continuous analysis methods is required.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.374-383
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• 2010

Microwave radar can penetrate cloud cover regardless of weather conditions and can be used day and night. Especially a ground-based polarimetric scatterometer has advantages of monitoring crop conditions continuously with full polarization and different frequencies. Kim et al. (2009) have measured backscattering coefficients of paddy rice using L-, C-, X-band scatterometer system with full polarization and various angles during the rice growth period and have revealed the necessity of near-continuous automatic measurement to eliminate the difficulties, inaccuracy and sparseness of data acquisitions arising from manual operation of the system. In this study, we constructed an X-band automatic scatterometer system, analyzed scattering characteristics of paddy rice from X-band scatterometer data and estimated rice growth parameter using backscattering coefficients in X-band. The system was installed inside a shelter in an experimental paddy field at the National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) before rice transplanting. The scatterometer system consists of X-band antennas, HP8720D vector network analyzer, RF cables and personal computer that controls frequency, polarization and data storage. This system using automatically measures fully-polarimetric backscattering coefficients of rice crop every 10 minutes. The backscattering coefficients were calculated from the measured data at a fixed incidence angle of $45^{\circ}$ and with full polarization (HH, VV, HV, VH) by applying the radar equation and compared with rice growth data such as plant height, stem number, fresh dry weight and Leaf Area Index (LAI) that were collected at the same time of each rice growth parameter. We examined the temporal behaviour of the backscattering coefficients of the rice crop at X-band during rice growth period. The HH-, VV-polarization backscattering coefficients steadily increased toward panicle initiation stage, thereafter decreased and again increased in early-September. We analyzed the relationships between backscattering coefficients in X-band and plant parameters and predicted the rice growth parameters using backscattering coefficients. It was confirmed that X-band is sensitive to grain maturity at near harvesting season.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

In the current medical information system, a system environment is constructed in which Biometric data generated by using IoT or medical equipment connected to a patient can be stored in a medical information server and monitored at the same time. Also, the patient's biometric data, medical information, and personal information after simple authentication using only the ID / PW via the mobile terminal of the medical staff are easily accessible. However, the method of accessing these medical information needs to be improved in the dimension of protecting patient's personal information, and provides a quick authentication system for first aid. In this paper, we implemented an automatic authentication system based on the patient's situation and evaluated its performance. Patient's situation was graded into normal and emergency situation, and the situation of the patient was determined in real time using incoming patient biometric data from the ward. If the patient's situation is an emergency, an emergency message including an emergency code is send to the mobile terminal of the medical staff, and they attempted automatic authentication to access the upper medical information of the patient. Automatic authentication is a combination of user authentication(ID/PW, emergency code) and mobile terminal authentication(medical staff's role, working hours, work location). After user authentication, mobile terminal authentication is proceeded automatically without additional intervention by medical staff. After completing all authentications, medical staffs get authorization according to the role of medical staffs and patient's situations, and can access to the patient's graded medical information and personal information through the mobile terminal. We protected the patient's medical information through limited medical information access by the medical staff according to the patient's situation, and provided an automatic authentication without additional intervention in an emergency situation. We performed performance evaluation to verify the performance of the implemented automatic authentication system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.34-44
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in perceptions between gardens and park functions as recognized by two groups, Group A and Group B, in order to confirm the distinction between concepts and functions and then establish the importance of individual functions. The AHP was used to analyze the importance of each group's perceptions by dividing them into garden and park, Group A and non-Group A, respectively. In Group A, the importance of garden functions were considered in descending order of importance to be cultural function, ecological function, and social function. In the general group, ecological function, cultural function, and social function also appeared, but in a different order of importance. As for the park functions, Group A recognized the importance of functions in a similar order of importance to the gardens: cultural function, ecological function, and social function. Group B thought that social function, ecological function, and cultural function have the same significance. At the major classification level, Group A and Group B emphasized the social function of the parks. Group A recognized the importance of the garden's cultural function as the most important, whereas the general group emphasized the importance of the garden's ecological function. As for the mid-class level, Group A recognized the aesthetic beauty, health, ecological environment protection, and water circulation as important functions of the garden. For Group B, the ecological environment protection, aesthetic beauty, water cycle, and health were important. The concepts and functions of gardens and parks are still largely mixed but are gradually becoming differentiated. As a follow-up study, it is important to systematically manage the functions of gardens by establishing design, construction, and monitoring DB techniques for the garden type and examine the hierarchy of various other gardens.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2011

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for selecting the cultivatable bioenergy crops through application of solidified sewage sludge in reclaimed lands. The experimental plots consisted of the mixing with solidified sewage sludge plot (SS50), the covering with solidified sewage sludge plot (SS100), and the original reclaimed land plot (ORL) on reclaimed land for the intended landfill in Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corporation (SLC). The growth of energy crops (Geodae-Uksae 1, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Phragmites australis) were investigated from May to October, 2010 in each experimental plot. The soil from ORL showed higher salinity with high contents of exchangeable $Na^+$ cation than that of SS50 and SS100. Soil properties on reclaimed land used in this study must be improved by increasing the buffering capacity of saline with the treatment of solidified sewage sludge due to the fact that the contents of organic matter (OM) in both of SS50 and SS100 were higher than that of the ORL. Thus the growth of energy crops cultivated in the solidified sewage sludge plots were better than in ORL. Geodae-Uksae 1 which showed an excellent adaptability on reclaimed land treated with the solidified sewage sludge has considerably higher biomass than those of other energy crops (M. sacchariflorus and P. australis). This study suggested that Geodae-Uksae 1 is the most suitable biomass feedstock crop for bioenergy productions, and the solidified sewage sludge may be possible to utilize as a soil cover materials for cultivation of bioenergy crops in reclaimed land.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.131-137
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• 2000

The release of hazardous waste materials into the environment poses serious risks in humans and ecosystems. The risk assessment of environmental pollutants including hazardous chemicals requires a comprehensive measurement of hazard and exposure of the chemicals that can be achieved by toxicity evaluation using a biological system such as biomarkers. In this report we have tried to develop a biomarker used to elucidate a molecular basis of, and to monitor abnormal behaviors caused by diazinon in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism. First, an attempt was made to clone tyrosine hydroxylase gene from Japanese medaka that would be a candidate for a biomarker for neuronal modulations and behaviors. For monitoring experiments at behavioral and molecular biological levels, the fish were treated under different sublethal conditions of diazinon and their behavioral responses were observed . In this study we have successfully cloned a partial TH gene from the medaka fish through PCR screening of an ovary cDNA library. DNA sequencing analysis revealed that the amplified fragment was 327 bp encoding 109 amino acids. Comparing the DNA sequence of medaka TH with other species, TH gene revealed the DNA sequence was completely identical to that of rat TH. In the RT-PCR, 330 Up of mRNA was consistently amplified in all the treated samples including control There were no significant differences in the TH expression level regardless of treating concentrations (1∼5,000 ppb) and time (0∼48 hr) The reason appeared to be that RT-PCR was not performed using through a quantitative analysis normalized against an actin gene expression. Organ or tissue - specific detection of TH activity and mRNA as biomarkers will be a useful monitoring tool for neurobehavioral changes in fish influenced by toxic chemicals. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of locomotive patterns and its correlation with the neurochemical and molecular data would be highly useful in measuring toxicity and hazard ofvarious environmental pollutants.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2011

The characteristics of pesticide residues by multiresidue analysis method using GC, HPLC and GC-MSD were examined for 18,069 numbers of 91 kinds of vegetables in Seoul from 2007 to 2009. Detection rates of pesticide residues were 11.2% in 2007, 8.5% in 2008 and 12.0% in 2009, respectively, and the excess rates of Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) showed a declining tendency as 4.6% in 2007, 2.8% in 2008 and 2.1% in 2009, respectively. The pesticides exceeding MRLs were 43 ingredients in 2007, 30 ingredients in 2008 and 36 ingredients in 2009, respectively. The frequencies of pesticides exceeding MRLs were 71 of azoxystrobin in 2007, 29 of procymidone in 2008, 24 of endosulfan in 2009, respectively. The excess rate of mustard green for MRLs in comparison with sample numbers was the highest among vegetables analyzed more than 10 cases each year. As a result of comparing annually pesticide residues about pesticide ingredients showed high frequency rates for pesticide detection, there was a statistical significance for the detection quantities of diazinon, endosulfan, paclobutrazol and procymidone.