• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.661-667
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of therapeutic horse riding on adult with intellectual disability in terms of adaptive behavior. The subjects were 16 adults with intellectual disability. They participated in a therapeutic horse riding program of 60 minutes long, Twice a week for 12 weeks. The participants' adaptive behavior level were measured before and after 12 weeks of program with Social Maturity Scale. The data was analyzed by paired t-test using the SPSS. After 12 weeks of therapeutic horse riding program, there was a significant improvements on self-help, task, self-regulation & socialization. However, locomotion, communication changes did not reach statistical significance. The result indicates that therapeutic horse riding has a positive effect on adults with intellectual disability in self-help, task, self-regulation & socialization. This study suggests that therapeutic horse riding could be considered an effective method on adults with intellectual disability to improve adaptive behavior.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.182-190
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• 2021

Rehabilitation dog-walking can be used to improve physical activity and restore QOL in stroke patients. This study investigated the effect of rehabilitation dog-walking on the QOL and physical activity of stroke patients. Twenty-four stroke patients were recruited for this study. Twenty-four stroke patients were randomized 1:1 into two groups. The evaluator measured stroke specific-quality of life (SS-QOL), six minute walk test, and maximal grip strength on the affected and non-affected side. The experimental group received gait training with a rehabilitation dog for 30 minutes once a week for 8 weeks. As a result of the study, there was a significant increase in SS-QOL, six minute walk test, and maximal grip strength on the affected side in the experimental group after the intervention. In addition, the experimental group showed significant improvement in SS-QOL, six minute walk test, and maximal grip strength on the affected side than the control group. Rehabilitation dog-walking may be an intervention method that can improve QOL and physical activity after stroke.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.389-395
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• 2019

This study investigated the pharmaceutical extraction and the functional health food extraction, which have a beneficial effect on the human body and which can be used safely for a long period of time without adverse side effects and also have excellent effects of protecting liver and improving liver function. As the results, the cabbage extract does not show cytotoxicity, and thus can be used safely. In an experiment performed on an animal model with liver injury induced by a drug (APAP), it could be seen that the cabbage extract exhibited the effects of protecting liver and improving liver function by effectively reducing AST and ALT which are liver injury markers, indicating that the cabbage extract is effective as a pharmaceutical extraction for preventing or treating liver disease. In particular, the cabbage extract was effective in treating inflammation of the liver by reducing the expression of the inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2 and the proinflammatory cytokine $IL-1{\beta}$, which are involved in acute inflammatory reactions accompanying liver injury. In the results, an extract of cabbage heat-treated at a temperature of 100 to $150^{\circ}C$ had a better liver function-improving effect or anti-inflammatory effect than an extract of raw cabbage.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.397-404
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the heat-treated broccoli extraction which have a beneficial effect on the human body and which can be used safely for a long period of time without adverse side effects and also have excellent effects of protecting liver and improving liver function. The heat-treated broccoli extract does not show cytotoxicity, and thus can be used safely. In an experiment performed on an animal model with liver injury induced by a drug (APAP), it could be seen that the heat-treated cabbage extract exhibited the effects of protecting liver and improving liver function by effectively reducing AST and ALT which are liver injury markers, indicating that the heat-treated brocoli extract is effective as a pharmaceutical extraction for preventing or treating liver disease. In particular, the heat-treated broccoli extract was effective in treating inflammation of the liver by reducing the expression of the inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2 and the proinflammatory cytokine $IL-1{\beta}$, which are involved in acute inflammatory reactions accompanying liver injury.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2001

Stress has been linked to the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various psychiatric illnesses. Over the past few years, our understanding of the brain and neuroendocrine systems that are linked to stress responses has increased enormously. This article reviews a series of animal and human studies to understand what are the central pathways by which stress is perceived, processed, and transduced into a neuroendocrine response. We focus on the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(LHPA) axis and several neurotransmitter systems such as norepinephrine, CRF, serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine. LHPA stress circuit is a complex system with multiple control mechanisms which are altered in pathological states. CRF and related peptides in the central nervous system appear to enhance behavioral responses to stressors. Norepinephrine systems are also activated by stressors and cause the release of catecholamines from the autonomic nervous system. CRF-norepinephrine interaction makes a feed-forward system which may be important for an organism to mobilize not only the pituitary system but also the central nervous system, in response to environmental challenges. The interactions among several neurotransmitters and endocrine systems appear to play key roles in mediating various behavioral and psychological stress responses involving abnormal responses to stressors such as anxiety and affective disorders.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.361-368
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• 2014

In order to investigate the effect of CGT on atopic dermatitis, various anti-inflammatory factors were studied. In-vitro, inflammatory mediators, such as MTT and nitric oxide and ROS were detected after the addition of LPS with or without CGT in RAW 264.7 cells. In-vivo, in order to verify the effectiveness of CGT in atopic dermatitis animal model, its role in inflammation factors and histological changes were observed in NC/Nga mice. CGT showed cell viability of 100% or higher in all concentration in RAW 264.7 cells. CGT inhibited LPS-induced productions of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide and antioxidant activity reactive oxygen species production in RAW 264.7 cells. CGT treated group showed significant decrease in serum of the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ by 53%, 43% and 57% respectively. And CGT treated group showed decrease in serum of the expression of IgE by 56% respectively. Also, infiltration of adipocytes into skin was suppressed and the thickness of epidermis and dermis were relatively decreased in the CGT treated group. As a result, CGT has an anti-inflammatory effects in NC/Nga mouse. Thus, these results suggested a beneficial effect of CGT in treatment with Atopic dermatitis and inflammatory.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1365-1372
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• 2019

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lycii radicis CORTEX extract on rheumatoid related factors in CIA-induced Rheumatoid Arthritis model of DBA/1 mice. Lycii radicis CORTEX extract was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks after direct injection of CIA into the mice' right paw. We evaluated the treatment effects based on serum biomarkers, morphological and histopathological analyses of the paw. Compared with those in control mice, the Lycii radicis CORTEX extract treatments significantly reduced the serum concentration of cytokine, kemokine and immunoglobulin levels. In addition, the Lycii radicis CORTEX extract treatments effectively preserved the paw bone joint, that in the H&E staining and masson-trichrome staining showed that there were histopathological improvements in Lycii radicis CORTEX extract treated group compared to those of control group. The results indicate that Lycii radicis CORTEX extract alleviated rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Thus, Lycii radicis CORTEX extract may be a novel therapeutic option for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2022

Since attaining middle age, many patients suffer from the post-micturition dribble (PMD) syndrome but do not receive proper treatment. This is because the etiology and treatment mechanisms of PMD differ from conventional lower urinary tract symptoms. Several pathophysiologies have been proposed, but the mechanisms we observed are the weakening of the bulbocavernosus muscle and dilation of the urethra due to atrophy of the cavernosal tissue. This study investigates the mechanism of PMD by observing anatomical changes in the corpus cavernosum and urethra. SD male rats were categorized by age into the young rats group (8 weeks old) and the old rats group (24 months or more). The ratio area of the bulbous urethra and corpus cavernosum to the total penis was statistically significant between both groups (P<0.05). Significant differences were obtained between the two groups for restored smooth muscle contents and several other parameters related to PMD mechanisms (nNOS, α-SMA) (P<0.05). The changes in size and parameters of the urethra and corpus cavernosum in young and old rats were confirmed. The results from this study are expected to contribute to the study of PMD in the future.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.595-599
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• 2012

Allergic response is associated with mast cells, through the release of arachidonic acid, proinflammatory cytokines, and histamine. We investigated the effect of Platycodon grandiflorum including platycodin D (PG-Platycodin D) on allergic responses in an animal model and on mast cell degranulation. PG-Platycodin D suppressed the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase, a type of marker associated with degranulation. PG-Platycodin D efficiently inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in ICR mice. In addition, molecular analysis demonstrated that PG-Platycodin D inhibited mRNA expression of both IL-3. These results suggest that PG-Platycodin D can inhibit mast cell degranulation through the inhibition of IL-3 mRNA expression, and that PG-Platycodin D may potentially serve as an anti-allergic agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.564-569
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• 2019

Heavy drinking disrupts the nervous system by activation of GABA receptors and inhibition of glutamate receptors, thereby preventing short-term memory formation. Degradation of cognition by alcohol induces blackouts, and it can lead to alcoholic dementia if repeated. Therefore, drugs need to be developed to prevent alcohol-induced blackout. In this study, we confirmed the effect of an ethanol extract of Cassia obtusifolia seeds (COE) on alcohol-induced memory impairment. The effects of COE and ethanol on cognitive functions mice were examined using the passive avoidance and Y-maze tests. The manner in which alcohol affects long-term potentiation (LTP) in relation to the learning and memory was confirmed by electrophysiology performed on mouse hippocampal slices. We also measured N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated field excitatory synapses (fEPSPs), which have a known association with cognitive impairment caused by ethanol. Ethanol caused memory impairments in passive avoidance and Y-maze tests. COE prevented these ethanol-induced memory impairments in these tests. Ethanol also blocked LTP induction in the mouse hippocampus, and COE prevented this ethanol-induced LTP deficit. Ethanol decreased NMDA receptor-mediated fEPSPs in the mouse hippocampus, and this decrease was prevented by COE. These results suggest that COE might be useful in preventing alcohol-induced neurological dysfunctions, including blackouts.