• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.269-277
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• 2003

목적: 게이트 심근관류 스펙트는 심근의 관류와 좌심실 기능을 동시에 평가할 수 있는 유용한 방법이다. 현재, 게이트 영상 획득시 8 단위영상이 널리 사용되지만, 아직 가장 적절한 단위영상의 수에 대해서는 논의의 여지가 있다. 본 연구는 동일한 환자에서 8 단위영상과 16 단위영상으로 게이트 심근관류 스펙트를 2회 연속적으로 시행하여 국소적 심근관류, 좌심실 용적과 구혈률등을 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: 42명(평균 연령: 55세, 남: 녀=26: 16)의 관상동맥 질환이 의심되거나 알려진 환자를 대상으로 안정시 Tc-99m MIBI를 이용한 게이트 스펙트를 8 단위영상과 16 단위영상으로 2회 연속하여 시행하였다. 좌심실의 확장기말 용적, 수축기말 용적과 구혈률을 각각 얻었으며 확장기말의 단층영상을 18 분절로 나누고 각 분절마다 심근의 관류정도를 4등급으로 나누어 국소적 심근관류를 평가하였다. 결과: 8 단위영상과 16 단위영상 게이트 스펙트에서 국소적 심근관류의 일치도는 85.7% (tau-b=0.786, p<0.001)로 우수하였다. 두 방법간에 1등급의 차이는 100 분절(13.2%), 2등급 차이는 8 분절(1.1 %)이 있었고 3등급 차이는 없었다. 좌심실의 확장기말 용적, 수축기말 용적, 구혈률은 두 방법간에 높은 상관성을 보였으며(r=0.993, 0.989, 0.935), 좌심실 구혈률은 8 단위영상을 사용할 때 평균 1.8% 낮게 측정되어 통계적인 유의성은 있었으나(p<0.05), 그 차이는 크지 않았다. 결론: 8 단위영상과 16 단위영상을 사용한 게이트 심근관류 스펙트에서 국소적 심근관류의 일치도는 우수하였으며, 좌심실의 기능적 계수의 차이도 크지 않았다. 비록 높은 단위영상을 사용했을 때 더 정확하고 자세한 정보를 얻을 수 있다 하더라도, 구혈률과 용적 등을 얻는 일상적인 임상검사에는 8 단위영상 또한 그 역할을 충분히 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2010

Medical metal stents inserted to patients with a cardiovascular disease associated with coronary artery system have relatively increased the survival rate. The development of new stents is, however, urgently required due to restenosis and late thrombosis generated in metal stents. To solve these problems, the biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly(L-lactide)(PLLA), and poly ($\varepsilon$-caprolactone)(PCL) were mixed with alpha lipoic acid (ALA), which is well known to inhibit the proliferation of neointimal hyperplasia. Subsequently, the ALA-loaded polymers were coated on stainless steel by electrospray. The drug-eluting behaviors from the coated polymers were investigated according to kinds and concentrations of polymers, spray rates, and kinds of solvents. The drug-eluting rate from PCL with the lowest glass transition temperature was the fastest among three polymers and followed by PLGA and PLLA. The surface roughness increased as the spray rate was increased and also the drug-eluting rate was affected by kinds of solvents with different boiling point. It is expected that drug-eluting stent (DES) coated with ALA-loaded polymers can be applied practically for clinical applications by controlling the behavior of drug release.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.143-161
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find out the educational needs for the coronary heart disease patients of a general hospital in a municipal general hospital. The study subjects were 90 outpatients who had been diagnosed as myocardial infection or angina at the hospital from January 3, 1998 to January 31, 1998. The questionaire was consisted of risk factors and educational needs for coronary heart disease patients. The qusetions on the education needs of the coronary heart disease were consist of 34 questions in 6 fields. In analyzing the data, the number and the percentage were calculated in patients general characteristics, the average and the standard-deviation were calculated to understand the educational needs, t-test and ANOVA were used to find out inter group difference on educational needs. In ANOVA, the advanced analysis was done by Scheffe-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. 52(57.8%) of the patients (90%) live in Kangnung-city and 95% of the patients live in the middle-east part of Korea. At the age distribution 39 to 80, 41.1% of the patients were in their sixties and average age was 62.4 years old. 40% of the patients left school in mid-course or graduated from middle school or high school 2. As a result of the study on the risk factors of the coronary heart disease, the patients who have hypertension and diabetes were 41.1% and 20% respectively. In smoking and drinking, smokers were 30% and drinkers were 40% and average of smoking and drinking duration over 30 years old. 47.8% were over 140mgHg systolic - BP and 45.8% were over 90mmHg diastolic - BP 3. The patients' educational needs average 94.88 (maximum 134), and item average 2.79(maximum 4.0), the highest needs field was the characteristic of disease 33.22(maximum 44). Item average 3.02 (maximum 4.0) and the lowest education needs field was the physical activity and exercise 10.21(maximum 16). Item average 2.55(maximum 4.0) 4. General characteristics which were different from the general characteristic educational needs were statistically different by group of educational level, occupation, age and sex. 5. The risk factors which were different from the coronary heart disease patients' risk factors educational needs were statistically different by groups of the heart disease patients in family and the patients who take regular exercise. with a result the nurses need to improve the educational programs while considering the high educational needs field and the characteristics which showed significant concerns statistically.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.56-65
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• 2019

This study examined effects of 12 weeks of body weight based combined exercise training (resistance training for 30 min, aerobic training for 30min) on body composition (% body fat, lean body mass, fat mass and BMI (body mass index)) and cardiovascular factors (ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)) in elderly women. A total of 32 subjects participated in this study, and were randomly divided into either exercise group (n = 16, EG) or control group (n = 16, CG). All variables at pre-test were analyzed by independent t-test for baseline test, and all data post the study period were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA with contrast testing (α = 0.05). Our results indicate that body composition (% body fat, lean body mass, fat mass and BMI) in both EG and CG do not differ significantly. However, the right and left sides of baPWV in EG was significantly reduced, as compared to CG. Taken together, these results indicate that combined exercise training for 12 weeks positively influences the cardiovascular factors, and may prevent cardiovascular diseases in elderly females (over 65 years), thereby resulting in increased quality of life for the elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.218-222
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• 1993

Lung/heart uptake ratio (L/H R) in $^{201}Tl$ myocardial perfusion scan is a reliable marker for long-term prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the value of L/H R in $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scan is controversial in determining the prognosis and severity of the coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical implications of L/H R in $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scan. Forty five patients who received $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scan were divided into control group and coronary artery disease (CAD) group by their clinical findings, EKGs, and $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scans. Twenty five patients in CAD group were divided into ischemic group and infarct group according to their results from $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scan. L/H R was calculated on the anterior planar view, 60 minutes after infusion of dipyridamole. Two regions of interest (ROI) were placed on the left lung area 8 pixel above the left ventricle and on the myocardial area which had the highest radioactivity. In the control group, there were no significant differences of L/H R according to sex and age. No significant difference of L/H R was found between the control and CAD group ($0.26{\pm}0.06,\;0.29{\pm}0.05$, p>0.05). In the CAD group, there was also no significant difference of L/H R between the ischemic group and infarct group ($0.29{\pm}0.07,\;0.30{\pm}0.04$, p>0.05). L/H R in CAD group did not show correlations with the defect area of stress polar map (r=0.18, p >0.05) and with the sum of severity weighted extent score or reversibility score which represent severity and extent of myocardial perfusion defect area in stress (r=0.18, p>0.05). We conclude that it is difficult to use L/H R as a marker for severity of CAD in dipyridamole $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scan.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 1992

Gated blood pool scan is frequently used for evaluating the change in cardiac function in various cardiac diseases. But resting gated blood pool scan using only LVEF as a cardiac index has been consitently shown to have a low sensitivity, which is about 50%, in detecting coronary artery disease. So it is recommended to compare exercise gated blood pool scan to resting gated blood pool scan. Exercise tests, however, are not always possible, especially in patients with musculoskeletal diseases, recent myocardial infarction and in elderly persons. We studied the usefulness of resting gated blood pool scan using multiple indices in evaluating the patients with coronary artery disease. Studied cases were 185 patients with coronary artery disease (angina pectoris 31, myocardial infarction 154) and 25 normals with low likelihood of coronary artery disease. We used $^{99m}Tc-labeled$ RBC, 740 MBq labeled by in vivo method. The data were evaluated by Micro DELTA computer program. The results were as following: 1) The ejection rates (PER, AER) and filling rates (PFR, AFR) were different in normls and patients with angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. 2) Mean phase angle, ejection rates and filling rates could separate normals from coronary artery disease patients with normal LVEF. 3) Regional ejection fraction was decreased at the site of the infarct in patients with myocardial infarction. 4) Peak filling rate was the the most detectable index in evaluation of cardiac function in patients with coronary artery disease. 5) The threshold at 1.5 standard deviation of normal range was considered as the most reliable cut-off value from ROC analysis. These data suggest that the resting gated blood pool scan has an important role in the evaluation of cardiac functional changes using various cardiac indices in patients with coronary artery disease.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 1992

Pharmacologic coronary vasodilation in conjunction with myocardial scintigraphy has become an accepted alternative to dynamic exercise testing for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Although dipyridamole has traditionally been used for this purpose, it causes frequent side effect, which at times can be life-threatening. Moreover, dipyridamole dose not elicit maximal coronary vasodilation in a substantial number of patients receiving the usual i.v. dose. Adenosine is an endogenously produced compound that has significant effects as a coronary vasodilator and rapid onset action and extremely short half-life (< 10 seconds). The diagnostic accuracy and safety profile of adenosine $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial scintigraphy were evaluated and comparison with exercise $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ was performed. Twenty-eight subjects underwent $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ imaging after adenosine infusion and exercise $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ imaging. Adenosine was infused intravenously at a dose of 0.14mg/kg/body weight per minute for 6 min and MIBI was injected at 3 minute. Adenosine caused an incerease in heart rate ($64{\pm}12$ at baseline versus $74{\pm}16$ beats/min at peak effect, p<0.001), a mild decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a slightly increase in PR interval(p; NS). Side effects were reported in 92% of patients and were mostly mild in nature and promptly resolved within 1 or 2 minutes of termination of adenosine infusion. Facial flushing (53%), chest pain (36%), mild dyspnea (39%), headache (21%), throat discomfort (21%) were frequent symptoms. ST segment depression (> 1 mm) and second degree AV block in electrocardiography occured in 11% of the patients, respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity for individual coronary stenoses in 16 patients underwent coronary angiography were 88% and 95%, respectively. The agreement ratio of segmental perfusion between adenosine and exercise images was 92% (Kappa index=0.82). In conclusion, $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with intravenous adenosine is a feasible, safe and highly accurate noninvasive technique for the detection of coronary artery disease and results are at least comparable with those of exercise $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ scintigraphy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.3 s.54
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• pp.639-655
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• 1996

Cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease are the first and the fourth common causes of death among adults in Korea. Reported risk factors of these diseases are mostly alike. But some risk factors of one of these diseases may prevent other diseases. Therefore, we tried to compare and discriminate the risk factors of these diseases. We recruited four case groups and four control groups among the inpatients who were admitted to Wonju Christian Hospital from March, 1994 to November, 1995. Four control groups were matched with each of four case groups by age and sex. The number of patients in each of four case and control groups were 106 and 168 for acute myocardial infarction(AMI), 84 and 133 for subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), 102 and 148 for intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), and 91 and 182 for ischemic stroke(IS) respectively. Factors whose levels were significantly higher in AMI and IS than in responding control group (RCG) were education, economic status, and triglyceride. Factors whose levels were significantly lower in hemorrhagic stroke than in RCG were age of monarch, and prothrombin time. The factor whose level was higher in AMI than ill RCG was uric acid. The factor whose level was higher in AMI, ICH, and SAM than in RCG was blood sugar. Factors whose levels were significantly higher in all the case groups than in RCG were earlobe crease, Quetelet index, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total cholesterol. The list of risk factors were somewhat different among the four diseases, though none of the risk factors to the one disease except prothrombin time acted as a preventive factor to the other diseases. The percent of grouped cases correctly classified was higher in the discrimination of ischemic diseases(AMI and IS) from hemorrhagic diseases(SAM and ICH) than in the discrimination of cerebrovascular disease from AMI. The factors concerned in the discrimination of ischemic diseases from hemorrhagic diseases were prothrombin time, earlobe crease, gender, age, uric acid, education, albumin, hemoglobin, the history of taking steroid, total cholesterol, and hematocrit according to the selection order through forward selection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2009

The surgical management of complete transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis still remain a significant challenge. The Rastelli (REV procedure) remains the most widely applied procedure for surgical repair of these lesions. Although the Rastelli procedure can be performed with good early results, the intermediate- and long-term results have been less than satisfactory because of deterioration of the hemodynamic performance of the LVOT or RVOT. We performed a modified Nikaidoh procedure as an alternative surgical procedure in a 19-month-old boy weighing 10.4 kg with this anomaly. Aortic translocation with biventricular outflow tract reconstruction resulted in a more "normal" anatomic repair and postoperative echocardiography showed straight, direct, and unobstructed ventricular outflow.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2009

Two pyranocoumarin constituents have been isolated from Angelica gigas and were identified as decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) by means of NMR analysis, respectively. Human acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (hACAT) inhibitory activity of decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) was evaluated. Decursin (2) showed significantly inhibitory activity against hACAT1 and hACAT2 with $IC_{50}$ value of 137 and $168\;{\mu}M$, respectively, whereas decursinol angelate (1) exhibited weak ACAT inhibitory activity. These results suggested that decusin from A. gigas might be effective for the prevention and the treatment of hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerosis by inhibitory effect on hACAT. The contents of decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) were analyzed in various parts of A. gigas including flower, seed, leaf and root using LC/MS/MS (ESI, positive ion mode, MRM mode). The content of decursinol angelate was increased in order of flower, seed, leaf, and root and decursin content was increased in order of flower, seed, leaf, and root. It was expected that unused parts including leaf and flower of A. gigas might be useful as new functional sources by their high contents of decursin and decursinol angelate.