• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.158-186
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• 2009

The Gossi Cave, Natural Monument 219, extends horizontally for 3,388m with 215m elevation. 620m of the horizontal cave length was opened to the public in 1974. The Gosu Cave, Natural Monument 256, also was opened the public for only 685m of the horizontal cave length, 1,700m, in 1976 in order to preserve its ecological cave environment. The surface of the speleothems in two caves have been turning black due to pollutants after the caves were opened to the public. The degrees of temperature, humidity and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the caves were related the seasonal variation. Specially, the value of partial pressure of carbon dioxide($CO_2$) in the cave higher in the summer than any other seasons. The partial pressure of $CO_2$ continues to build in the summer because of exceed the self-purification limit in the caves. The value of $CO_2$ variation in the caves was mainly controlled by the amount of visitors. As a result, we have to controlled the amount of visitors to preserve the cave environment.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.35
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• pp.43-51
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• 1993

Gosu Karst Cave 지역은 우리나라에서도 Karst rocks가 가장 잘 발달된 곳이며 특히 이 지역은 고생대의 조선계 대석회암통에 해당된다. Karst Cave와 여러가지 형태의 생성물은 지질시대부터 생성에 알맞는 고기후학적인 조건과 지구화학적인 여건이 결합하여 풍화작용의 결과로 이루어진 것이다. Cave의 발달 방향은 지층의 주향과 거의 일치하며 지금도 이러한 형성작용은 진행되고 있다. Cave 내부의 기후환경의 영향으로 Cave내에 서식하는 생물은 7목 9종이 확인 및 채집되었다.

• Proceedings of the Petrological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.439-449
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• 2016

Understanding the variability of the monsoon system requires information about the changes in the past. We revealed the Mid- and Late-Holocene paleo-climate changes and Asian monsoon variations in Korea by the speleothem records from Pyeongchang. To this, we used thicknesses of growth laminae, stable-isotope analysis (carbon, oxygen), and radio-carbon age dating. The speleothem grew between ~4580 yr BP to ~660 yr BP and we identified several weak AM(Asian monsoon) events, such as Middle Bronze Age Cold Epoch, Iron Age Cold Epoch, and Dark Age Cold Period. These events might have occurred relatively early compared to those of other studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2010

There are two methods to survey the natural cave. One is plane table surveying and the other is recording chart surveying. The drawing maps drawn by these methods are 2D. Furthermore, it is difficult to figure out the accurate dimension about full sections and whole interior products because of use of plane table and recording chart. Accordingly, in this study, the 3D spatial information about Dangcheomuldonggul was constructed by the Terrestrial LiDAR and high resolution digital camera where is belong to Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes as the first World Natural Heritage of the Republic of Korea. Also, the utilization possibility of 3D spatial information was suggested to the basic data of deformation and change detection through structure analysis, section analysis, shape analysis, and interior products analysis.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2010

Mineralogical characterization was performed for the mineral assemblages precipitated at the boundary between limestone bedrock and bat guano deposits in the Gossi Cave, Korea. Francoanellite, taranakite, ardealite, brushite and monetite are observed as phosphate minerals and gypsum and a small amount of barite as sulfate minerals in the guano deposits. With the increase of depth, phosphates are changed as following sequence: taranakite ${\rightarrow}$ francoanellite ${\rightarrow}$ ardealite ${\rightarrow}$ brushite ${\rightarrow}$ monetite. This sequence indicates that the major parameters controlling the physico-chemical conditions under which these mineral assemblages were deposited are pH and relative humidity.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.609-622
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• 2007

This paper examines the lava tubes designated as a natural monument in Jeju Island, and then makes the several suggestions for conserving and managing them. The cave entrances should be scientifically and strictly managed to prevent the deterioration, and to preserve the interior ecosystem, of the lava tubes. The land use and vegetation of the ground surface over the lava tubes should be also systematically managed; the destroyed sand dunes must be recovered for the development of speleothem in the lava tubes, and the plants with deep roots must be removed for the prevention of ceiling collapse. The provincial authorities should manage the ground surface over the lava tubes as a public land to remove the factors threatening the stability of the lava tubes. Since the roads crossing the ground surface are likely to cause the collapse of the lava tubes, new roads bypassing the caves need to be constructed, and warning signs should be also installed at the traverse points. A monitoring system on the cultural properties protection area over the lava tubes could be effectively established by encouraging residents to participate the conservation program of lava tubes. Since the falling blocks from ceilings have been usually observed in the lava tubes, it is urgent to examine their stability. In particular, the dangerous sections must be continuously monitored for taking a quick measure against the collapse. The air environments of lava tubes need to be scientifically analyzed based upon the long-term observations. The lighting equipments must be improved to minimize the green pollution in the lava tubes open to the public. The numbers of visitors should be also controlled to prevent the destruction and contamination of lava tubes caused by a large number of visitors.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.75
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

투어멀린(Tourmaline)은 비대칭 쌍극자를 가진 유극성 결정체로 광물 중에서 영구적으로 전기분극 특성을 띄고 있는 유일한 물질로써, 일명 "전기석"이라고 알려져 있다. 자체의 미약 전류(약 0,06mA)와 함께 음이온 및 원적외선의 발생으로 최근 우리 주변에서 건강과 환경정화를 위한 관심 대상의 투어멀린은 육방정계의 압전성 띤 초전성을 띄는 붕규산염으로, 물분자를 만나면 수소(H+)와 수산기(OH-)로 분해하여 친수기와 소수기를 구분하여 발생하며, H+와 OH-는 다시 각각 H2O와 결합하여 활성이 강한 hydronium ion(H3O+)과 계면활성 작용이 있는 hydroxyl ion(H3O2-)을 생성한다. 물속에서 불안정한 상태로 존재하는 수산기는 hydroxyl (-)ion을 형성하여 약 알카리성$(pH{\sim}7.4)$을 띄고, 물의 클러스터 (cluster)를 세분화하는 수질개선 기능과 함께 살균, 항균 및 세균번식억제 효과를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 투어멀린 소결체를 활용하여 그 처리수의 특성조사 및 기능개발과 함께 대장균의 번식억제 작용 및 살균작용과 수질개선 기능 등 유용한 결과의 분석으로부터 다양한 응용성을 확보하였다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.64-79
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• 2017

We have reported the petrographic properties on the soda straw primarily based on the field measurements and discussed the causes of their traits. 156 soda straws in district B of the Baeg-nyong Cave nominated with the natural monument No. 260 have been investigated to estimate physical, sedimentological and textural characteristics. The soda straws have an average length of 3.05 cm with a standard deviation of 1.7 cm and a mean diameter of 6.0 mm. This result shows that the average diameter of the soda straws measured in this study is thicker than previous reports by 20%. Although the drip rates of cave water from 85.3% of all the soda straws are exceedingly lower than 1 drop per 10 minutes, almost all soda straws have a dripping water. We firstly report growth lamina in the Korean soda straw from 85.3% of all samples, and this textural dominance indicates that the growth lamina are one of the common features of the soda straws at least in the study area. Secondary precipitations inside the soda straw were identified from 68.6%. Notably, the strong inverse correlation between growth lamina and secondary precipitates was represented from 70.5% of all samples. This finding might be explained by the seasonality of cave drip water supplied into the soda straws or the increased opacity caused by secondary precipitates. Based on petrograhic characteristics, the soda straws in the study area can be classified into normal and erratic types. Hopefully our results on the soda straws in Baeg-nyong Cave would provide a basis for the descriptions of soda straws from other caves and paleoclimatic applications.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.75
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• pp.21-33
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• 2006

Yangdan Cave displays as a Vadose Cave rathre than a Phreatic Cave due to its fluvial activated ramnants of the cave beds and walls. Geochemistry experiments of the speleothem (stalactite and stalagmite)were generated in order to find out the cave material characteristics using XRD. The results present that the composition of the cave materials consists of Calcite, Dolomite, Quartz, K, K-Feldspar. Plagioclasc, Illite, and Kaolinite. These materials commonly exhibited less mineral composition than other caves. In terms of calcite compostion of the cave the upper cave materials (d=3.049) contain less than lower cave materials (d=3.055). Finally the calcite compostion of the cave materials between stalactite (d=3.055) and stalagmite (d=3.054) displays simillar values.