• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2003

The genotoxicity of pendimethalin [N-(l-ethylpropyl)-2, 6-dinitro-3, 4-xylidine, C$\_$13/H$\_$19/N$_3$O$_4$, M.W.=281.3, CAS No. 40487-42-1], one of selective herbicide, was evaluated in bacterial gene mutation system, chromosome aberration in mammalian cell system and in vivo micronucleus assay with rodent. In bacterial gene mutation assay, pendimethalin revealed dose-dependent mutagenic potential in 313 ∼ 5,000 ${\mu}$g/plate of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 1537 both in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system, and TA 100 only in the absence of S-9 mixture. In the TA 1535, slight increase of revertant was also observed in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. No mutagenic potential was observed in the TA 1535 without metabolic activation system and TA l00 in the presence of S-9 mixture. In mammalian cell system using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast, no clastogenicity of pendimethalin was observed both in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system in the concentration range of 2.32∼9.28 ${\mu}$g/ml. And also, in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay, pendimethalin revealed no clastogenic potential in the dose range of 203∼810 mg/kg body weight after oral administration in mice. Consequently, in vitro chromosome aberration with mammalian cells and in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay revealed no clastogenic potential of pendimethalin. However, pendimethalin revealed mutagenic potential in bacterial gene mutation assay.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2008

In this study, the antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Cuscutae semen ethanol extract were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was measured by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the Ames test was employed to determine the inhibition effect on mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The extract showed significant free radical-scavenging activity towards the DPPH radical, and at a concentration of 400 ppm, its free radical-scavenging activity was similar to that of BHT. The $IC_{50}$ value of the extract was 89 ppm, indicating good antioxidant capacity. Moreover, at 5 mg/mL, the extract presented inhibitions of approximately 98.0% and 49.2% on mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and sodium azide, respectively. The total polyphenols and flavonoid contents of the extract were 20.1 mg/g and 1.9 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, this study indicates that the ethanolic extract of Cuscutae semen has excellent antioxidative and antimutagenic potential.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1990

본 최기형시험은 엘라스타제가 임신토끼와 태자에 미치는 영향을 조사할 목적으로 수행되었다. 시험은 임신된 New Zealand White 종의 토끼를 2개의 대조군 (제 1, 제 2대조군)과 3개의 투여군 (제 1, 제 2, 제 3투여군)으로 나누어 실시되었다. 제 1, 제 2, 제 3투여군에는 각각 엘라스타제 1, 2, 12, 120mg/kg을 임신 6일부터 18일까지 연일 경구투여하였으며, 같은 기간동안 제 1대조군과 제 2대조군에는 각각 10% skim milk 수용액과 ethylene thiourea 40mg/kg을 경구투여하였다. 임신 29일에 모든 모동물을 도살하여 모체와 태자를 검색하였다. 시험기간중 제 2대조군에서는 사료섭취량이 유의성있게 감소되었다 (P<0.01). 시험결과 황체수, 착상수, 생존태자수, 태자의 성비, 태자 및 태반중량에 있어서 각 군간 유의성있는 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며 태자의 외형검사, 애부장기 및 골격 검사에서도 군간 유의성있게 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 본 시험에서 채택한 엘라스타제의 용량은 토기에 있어서 최기형 유발능이 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.105-105
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• 1993

랫드 및 마우스에 1회 경구 및 정맥투여하였을때의 급성독성을 관찰한 결과 랫드에서 급성경구 시험결과의 LD$_{60}$치는 암수 각각 5,000mg/kg 이상이었으며, 급성정맥시험 결과의 LD$_{50}$치는 수컷에서 1,151mg/kg, 암컷에서 1,184mg/kg이었다. 마우스에서 급성경구시험 결과의 LD$_{60}$치는 암수 각각 5,000mg/kg 이상이었으며 급성정맥시험 결과의 LD$_{50}$치는 수컷에서 2,698mg/kg, 암컷에서 2,833mg/kg이었다. Sal. typhimurium을 이용한 돌연변이시험, 마우스를 이용한 소핵시험, 배양세포를 이용한 염색체 이상 시험을 실시한 결과 모두 음성으로 나왔으므로 DWC-751의 돌연변이 유발능은 없는 것으로 나타났다.타났다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 1990

To determine whether the muc region of pKM101 and its mutant pSL4 is sufficient for the expression of these phenotypes, muc regions of pKM101 and pSL4 were subcloned onto the highcopy number vector pKB354 and were selected the cloned pJB200 and pJB210. The recombinant plasmids pJB200 and pJB210 were introduced into umu $C36^{-}$ uvr $A6^{-}$ (TK610) strain and determined the protection effect and mutagenecity for UV and MMS. The protection effect and mutagenecity of umu $C36^{-}$ uvr $A6^{-}$ (TK610) were supressed by muc gene of the recombinant plasmids. The muc gene of pSL4 has higher effect than that of pKM101. The recombiant plasmid pJB210(inclued muc gene of pKM101) did not affect uv-mutagenesis in the $recA^{-}$ (JC2926) mutant.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.218-222
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• 2002

Lycii Cordex Radicis extract (gigolpi) examined through SOS Chromotest showed a strong, dose-dependent antimutagenic effect on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) induced mutagenecity. Gigolpi revealed considerable superoxide anion radical scavenging activity under L-ascorbic $acid-CuSO_4$ system, but showed lower hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in photochemical test system. Hot-water gigolpi extract delayed protein oxidation, whereas lipid peroxidation of rat skin exposed to UVB radiation was inhibited. The results indicate that gigolpi possessing antioxidant activity against UVB-induced lipid peroxidation could be used as a raw ingredient for manufacturing functional cosmetics

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.451-459
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• 2005

The protective effects of ethanol extracts from 5 seaweeds on the mutagenic and cytotoxic damage were evaluated. They were separately extracted using ethanol from dried samples at room temperature, and freeze-dried. The inhibition effects on the mutagenicity in Salmonella assay by Ames test and cancer cell inhibitory effect in HeLa cell, MCF-7 cell and SNU -638 cell by MTT assay were assayed. Seaweed fusiforme, sea tangle and green laver showed strong inhibitory effect against 2-nitrofluorene, sodium azide- or 2-anthramine-induced mutagenicities in Salmonella Typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 at the level of 2.5 mg ethanol extract per plate. Cancer cell inhibitory effect was shown with all of the seaweed extracts. Green laver, sea mustard, sea tangle and seaweed fusiforme showed strong cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cells, with inhibiting by $92\~93\%$ and $89\~92\%$, respectively. These data show that 5 seaweeds tested in this study might be potent functional foods for cancer prevention, and consumption of these seaweeds in adequate amount is recommended.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-82
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• 1991

This study was carried out to examine the mutagenicity of extracts from grilled pork belly and the effect of garlic on it by using Arnes test. And in order to imitate the in vivo metabolic activation system of the mutagens, the enzymatic activation system was adopted. The results are summarlized as follows: 1. The degree of browning in pork belly extracts increased with the increasing heating intensity of the grilling. 2. When pork belly grilled at "low" heating intensity, no mutagenicity was detected. However with the samples grilled at "medium" and "high" heating intersity, mutagenicity was recognized. 3. The mutagenicity of grilled pork belly extract decreased remarkabley with the addition of S-9 mix. 4. The mutagenicity of grilled pork belly extract decreased with the addition of garlic extract.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 1988

The effect of ginseng saponin on aflatoxin(AF) production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL2999 and the mutagenicity of produced aflatoxin. The production of aflatoxin were decreased by the addition of ginseng saponin and the most effective concentration was 0.05%. The ratio of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ and aflatoxin $G_{1}$ were not changed by the addition of ginseng saponin. For the nutagenicity test, Ames method were adopted. Mutagenicity of mycelial aflatoxin was decreased by the addition of ginseng saponin on TA98, but not changed on TA100. Mutagenicity of excreted aflatoxin to broth was slightly increased by the saponin on TA98, but decreased on TA100.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1989

To study the selective organospecific carcinogenesis by the specific chemical carcinogens, the breast cancer induction model by oral administration of 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) or by intravenous injection of N-methylni-trosourea (NMU) on female rats was analyzed. In the present experiment, we compared the effexts of ages on the chemical mammary carcinogenesis by studying the metabolic system of the carcinogenic activation, detoxification or DNA damage and repair. The breast tumor incidence was significantly higher in the young rats of 50 days old than in those of one year old rats. As an index of organospecific DNA damage or repair, the in vivo covalent binding index(CBI) of the specific organs by the specific chemical carcinogens was monitored. And for the analysis of carcinogenic activation, the quantity of cytochrome P450`s was determined with the respective type-specific monoclonal antibody, while the detoxication capacity was deduced by the activity monitoring of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase. The skin tissues of the mammary region had the highest CBI with both of DMBA and NMU at 50 days of age. And there were contrasting differences in the contents of carcinogenic activation and detoxication system: that is, the content of T.C.D.D.-inducible cytochrome P450 was high, while the activities of GST and peroxidase was low in the mammary skin tissues at tumor prevalent age. These results led us to conclude that the molecular organospecific carcinogenesis, as illustrated with mammary carcinoge-nesis by DMBA and NMU, is operated probably through the differential capacity of the target tissues in the high carcinogenic activation, low detoxication and the low DNA repair function.