• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.252-261
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses' experience in caring for infants who are approaching death and to identity the meaning and structure of their experiences. Methods: The participants were eight nurses who had experience in caring for these infants. In-depth interviews were performed from December, 2012 to February, 2013 until data were fully saturated. Collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Results: Four theme clusters were extracted from fifteen themes. The four theme clusters of the NICU nurses' experience in caring for infants who are dying were: 1) Crossroads between life and comfort of infants approaching death, 2) emotional suffering at the death of the infant, 3) adapting and coping with the death of the infant, 4) new expectations for caring for infants who are dying. Conclusion: The results of the study provide useful information in understanding NICU nurses' experience in caring for infants who are dying and establishing effective strategies to support these nurses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.462-473
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• 2016

This study was proposed in obtaining basic data for an intervention programs of the stable child care by identifying the effects of support from the spouse and family on the child rearing among marriage immigrant women. Subjects consisted of 110 marriage immigrant women in Gyeonggi-do in December, 2014. SPSS/WIN 22.0 program was used for ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis to figure out burden and efficacy of child rearing through the general characteristics. The increased burden of child rearing was statistically significant with young age, lower level of education, low income and less spending time to raise their children by husband. Additionally, the increased efficacy of child rearing was statistically significant with young age and using two languages. The pressure of the child rearing showed a negative correlation with spouse support, income, and old age. The efficacy of child rearing had a positive correlation with spouse support, spending time to take care of their children by family, and ages. In the regression analysis, the burden of child rearing among immigrant women increased by old age (${\beta}=-2.097$, p<.05) and less time to raise their children by husband (${\beta}=-2.165$, p<.05). It is important to provide spouse and family support to encourage desirable child rearing behavior. These results may provide to improve intervention programs for child rearing among marriage immigrant women.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.311-318
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• 2020

This was a basic study to ascertain the changes in sleep patterns and the factors disrupting sleep in hospitalized children. The participants were children aged 6 years or younger who had been hospitalized in an advanced general hospital in a particular region. A total of 81 participants were included, and for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 21.0. The results showed that children's sleep duration decreased significantly after hospitalization compared to before (p<.001), and there were significant differences in sleep onset latency (p<.001) and frequency of sleep deprivation (p<.001). Factors perceived by the children's mothers to disrupt sleep included the child's health state, noise in the ward, nurses' treatments, and lighting in the ward. This study verified that children's sleep quality and duration decreases during hospitalization, demonstrating the need to prepare measures to improve sleep in hospitalized children based on an understanding of changes in sleep patterns and disrupting factors.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2012

Purposes: Most medical schools in Korea do not provide adequate education in end-of-life care. This study was designed to illustrate the need to improve end-of-life care education and to assess the effect of the education on fourth-year medical students' awareness and attitude towards hospice and palliative care for terminally ill patients. Methods: One hundred sixty six fourth-year medical students were surveyed with questionnaires on end-of-life care before and after they received the education. Results: Before receiving the education, students most frequently answered "at the end of life" (33.6%) was appropriate time to write an advance medical directive. After the education, the most frequent answer was "in healthy status" (58.7%). More students agreed to withholding or withdrawing futile life-sustaining treatment increased after the education (48.1% vs. 92.5% (P<0.001) for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 38.3% vs. 92.5% (P<0.001) for intubation and mechanical ventilation, 39.1% vs. 85.8% (P<0.001) for inotropics, 60.9% vs. 94.8% (P<0.001) for dialysis and 27.8% vs. 56.0% (P<0.001) for total parenteral nutrition). Significantly more students opposed euthanasia after the education (46.6% vs. 82.1%, P<0.001). All students agreed to the need for education in end-of-life care. Conclusion: After reflecting on the meaning of death through the end-of-life care education, most students recognized the need for the education. The education brought remarkable changes in students' awareness and attitude towards patients at the end of life. We suggest end-of-life care education should be included in the regular curriculum of all medical schools in Korea.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.115-158
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• 2017

This paper explores the relationship between working hours and the residual gender wage gap in Korea. Because the labor practice of working long hours in Korea favors men, who tend to spend little time on domestic labor, long working hours can influence the residual gender wage gap by discriminating against women. We analyze this discrimination empirically, and find the following results. First, the returns from working long hours are not high in most occupations in Korea. Second, working hours have a positive effect on the residual gender wage gap in male-dominated occupations, but not in female-dominated ones.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.279-299
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• 2015

This study examines the impact of Long-Term Care Insurance(LTCI) on family caregivers(especially focused on female household members) labor supply in South Korea. When public care and informal care are substitutes, LTCI will change allocation of time of family caregivers to spend more time to paid work. The impact of LTCI on labor supply depends on each country's institutional level of public care services. If public care can not substitute for informal care, labor supply of family caregivers will not rise significantly. The conclusions of vigorous empirical study from western countries' are incompatible and problem of endogeneity in terms of methodology has been raised consistently. The dataset of this study are used the third and ninth waves of Korea Welfare Panel. As a result, the introduction of LTCI had no effect on labor supply of household members. Robust findings suggest the positive effects of caregiving on labor market outcomes in simple comparison t-test, but not in fixed-effect regression. Compared with western countries, South Korea's public care services can be interpreted as a supplement to only part that remained at the level does not substitute informal care. These findings may suggest that if LTCI become much more prevalent in the future, senior citizens and family members will be able to choose the LTCI arrangement that best suits their needs.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.45-64
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• 2011

This study examines changes and educational differences in parental time spent in childcare. Based on time diary data 1999-2009, it finds as follows. First, compared to 1999, parental time spent in childcare has increased in 2009. Unlike the tendency of convergence of time spent in childcare by sex in US, differences by sex have increased in Korea. Second, those who are highly educated tend to spend more time with children than their counterparts. For preschool aged children, parental time spent in physical care and playing has significantly increased by educational level. For school aged children, those who are highly educated are more likely than those who have lower level of education to help with children's study. Third, compared to 1999, time for leisure and economic activity has decreased in 2009 whereas time for commute, sleep, and care for others has increased.

• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to compare the estimates of housework time by gender using two representative methods of time use study: Time Diary and Stylized Survey Questionnaire. Our analysis is based on the data from the Lifetime Use Survey(2004), which used time-diary questions, and the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study(KLIPS 2004), which used stylized questions on housework hours. The results show that men over-report their housework time in the stylized time use questions. In contrast, women under-report their housework time, which is unusual in the previous studies on response errors and reporting gap. Subgroup analysis shows that widowed/divorced men tend to over-report their contribution to housework more than other groups whereas among women, groups burdened with employed work, caring and housework underestimate their housework time. This reporting gap is explained by gendered norm and perception of time pressure. The theory to explain under-reporting of the housework time has been undeveloped in the previous studies. Our study suggests that perceptions of time pressure be an important factor to explain women's reporting gap of housework estimates.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.443-452
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• 2016

Six preservice teachers who participated in the "2016 service of summer vacation daycare programs by university and college students" focused on the programs for the formation of art, music and physical education and recreation culture were selected as research participants. The meaning of the experience they had through the service process was qualitatively analyzed. The subjects accepted the purpose of the self-directed service in which they should themselves solve a series of the entire process, from planning a volunteer program through drawing up the budget and purchasing materials to practice, evaluation and expressed the intention of participation. A volunteer program was conducted including visiting a daycare program for lower graders of elementary school (1st and 2nd grades) with more than 40 class hours during vacation. As research materials, research participants' journals, transcripts of individual interviews and group interviews, transcripts of phone calls, e-mail messages, and self-evaluation records of each class hour were collected. To increase the reliability and validity of the study, triangulation, member check, advice and review of the experts were conducted. In the study results, the volunteering experience-related significance for the preservice teachers who participated in the self-directed service were broadly categorized into 'Becoming a capable professional teacher', that consists of 'Increasing the power of thinking', 'Realizing the importance of communication', 'Doing together itself is important' and 'Ability to apply information and resources is needed'. 'Increase the continuity between preschool and elementary education' was subdivided into 'Get to know the necessity of the continuity between preschool and elementary education' and 'Want to learn the continuity between preschool and elementary education.'

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.407-416
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• 2019

This study is about a Customized Nursery School where working women can support work - life balance and a reduction in retirement or turnover. The research method is to identify the current status of Customized Nursery services and to recognize the recognition and need of the operation of Customized Nursery School. The importance of securing skilled nurses and preventing them from changing their jobs for the health and safety of people cannot be emphasized enough. A Customized Nursery School must be opened to reduce the retirement or change of jobs of working women nurses and to provide care for continuous work in three shifts from 365days to support the balance between the working mother and family. It is considered that nurses will put their children in relief when using retired nurses who have the ability to work 24hour rotation in a Customized Nursery School and when a Customized Nursery School be ran suited for the condition and demand of working women nurses, it is expected to reduce retirement and the change of jobs, also to give positive effect on marrige and family planning which would make improvement in low birthrate. To activate the Customized Nursery School, Creating a secure learning environment and qualification of educators great effort should be put. A program curriculum based on 'basic life and habits' should be the center of education. Continuous management and effort will need to be placed in continuous development of educators.