• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2005

Highly Activated Calcium(below HAC) is the oxidized calcium made by dissolving shell materials with high voltage about 15,000V and high temperature ($1,500{\sim}5,000^{\circ}C$). This HAC is a material with a very high degree of purity without toxicant. This HAC decreases chemical reaction so the degree of being active and dissolving living material is outstanding. The effects of HAC on the propagation of mushrooms are following. In the case of the Pleurotus ostreatus, when controlling media moisture by mixing with the HAC, mycelium cultivating days were shortened by 2days. The day required for primordial formation after inoculation(DPI) were one day faster. The number of stem was 15 and individual weight was 248g/850cc, a 6.5% increase. In the case of Pleurotus eryngii, when controlling media moisture by mixing with the highly activated calcium, mycelium cultivating days were shortened by 3days. DPI were l day faster. The day required for colonization after inoculation was shortened by 6days and individual weight was 108.8g/850cc, a 9.7% increase. In the case of Flammulina velutipes, the highly activated calcium was the best for scraping up mycelium. Mycelium incubating days were shortened by 2days. DPI were shortened by 3days. The day required for colonization after inoculation was 1day faster and the period of cultivation was shortened by 3days. Individual weight was 165g/850cc, a 6.7% increase. In the case of Lentinula edodes, when mixing media with the highly cultivated calcium, cultivating days were shortened by 3 days. The days for becoming brown in color were 2 days faster and the days of the first harvest were shortened by 4 days. The weight of mushrooms was 169g/2kg, a 9.7% increase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.928-935
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• 2016

Hypsizygus marmoreus (white cultivar), also called white beech mushrooms, are edible mushrooms commercially cultivated in Korea and Japan. This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant properties of H. marmoreus. H. marmoreus fruit bodies were divided into pileus and stipe. The pileus and stipe were extracted into water and 80% ethanol and their antioxidant activities were analyzed. The total polyphenol content was highest in the water extract (pileus 1137.39±0.38 mg of GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/100 g, stipe 700.86±0.06 mg of GAE/100 g) compared to the ethanol extract (pileus 923.47±0.18 mg of GAE/ 100 g, stipe 324.05±0.03 mg of GAE/100 g). Ethanol extracts from pileus showed better scavenging ability on DPPH (47.32±0.23% at 10 mg/ml) and ABTS (57.33±0.10% at 10 mg/ml) than the stipe and water extract groups. Water extract from pileus were more effective in reducing power and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value than stipe and ethanol extract. The toxicity of water and ethanol extracts was investigated using WST-1 (Water Soluble Tetrazolium salt) assay on the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Overall, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of extracts from H. marmoreus increased in a dose dependent manner while pileus was showed better total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities than stipe.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

To elucidate chemical strvacture of Ramaria formosa(Fr.) Quel was extracted with methanol for 72 hours, and then filtered twice. The extractive compounds were analyzed by the Libaries Search method, using GC and GC-MS Spectrometry. As a result, the five different compounds were analyzed, such as (1) methyl-hexadecanoate, (2) methyl-9,12- octadecadienoate, (3) methyl-cis-9-octadecenoate, (4) methyl-octadecanoate, and (5) 4-hexyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanacetic acid. The large quantity of compound, 4-hexyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanacetic acid, is expected that through experiments on animals the compound will be a potential agent which can be developed as a health food to relieve constipation or a laxative medicine.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.623-631
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• 2010

Hericium erinaceus, an edible and medicinal mushroom belonging to the Basidiomycota family, has been used for curing gastric ulcers and stomach cancers in human beings and is also known to have good inhibitory effects on sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich carcinoma in mice. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to as Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from the fruiting body of the mushroom. In in vitro cytotoxicity tests, crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HepG2, HT-29 and NIH3T3 at concentrations of $10{\sim}2,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited a life prolongation effect of 29.1~54.1% in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. Na increased the numbers of spleen cells by 2.9 fold at a concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ compared with the control. Fr. Na improved the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocytes by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity by 5.5 fold compared with the control at a concentration of $200\;{\mu}g/ml$. Fr. NaCl increased the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes by 4 and 2.3 folds at a concentration of 50 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the crude polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body of H. erinaceus could improve antitumor activities in mice.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2017

Tolaasin, a 1.9 kDa peptide toxin, is produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii and causes the brown blotch disease of cultivated oyster mushroom. It forms pores on the membrane and thus destroys cellular membrane structure, seriously reducing the productivity of mushroom cultivation. The mechanism of tolaasin-induced cytotoxicity is not known in detail. However, it has been reported to form a pore structure in the cytoplasmic membrane through the molecular multimerization. Therefore, food additives which can interact with tolaasin molecules may inhibit the pore formation by hydrophobic interactions with tolaasin molecules. In this study, various food additive materials have been identified as inhibitors of the tolaasin activity and named tolaasin-inhibitory factors (TIF). Most of TIFs are emulsifying agents for food processing procedures. Among various TIFs, polyglycerol and sucrose esters of fatty acids blocked effectively the cytotoxicity of tolaasins at the concentrations $10^{-4}-10^{-5}M$. These TIFs also successfully suppressed the blotch disease development in the shelf cultivation of oyster mushroom.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2019

Sparassis crispa is an edible mushroom that is distributed in Korea, Japan, Europe, and North America. It exerts various biological activities such as immunopotentiation, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, we separated the health functional non-aqueous fraction from the chloroform extract of S. crispa (SCF4). In this study, we evaluated the antiangiogenic activity of SCF4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). SCF4 effectively inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced cell growth at concentrations ($5-25{\mu}g/mL$) showing no cytotoxic effects. SCF4 inhibited VEGF-induced invasiveness and tube formation ability, which are in vitro angiogenic features of HUVECs, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SCF4 markedly suppressed in vivo angiogenesis of chorioallantoic membrane from growing chick embryos without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, SCF4 downregulated the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, AKT, and ERK1/2, which are major angiogenic signal mediators. These results suggest that SCF4 inhibited angiogenesis by suppressing the VEGFR2 signaling pathways without cytotoxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 2013

Novel Phellinus linteus HN1009K (HK1009) has been characterized on speedy mycelial growth and yearly artificial cultivation. In this study, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract from mycelium and fruiting body of P. linteus HN1009K (HK1009) were compared to those of P. linteus (PL, Korea Sangwhang) and P. baumii (PB, Jangsu Sanghwang) as controls. HK1009 extract showed higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity in both mycelial and fruiting body samples than those of PL and PB. However, in xanthine oxidase assay, antioxidant effect was highly measured on mycelial samples of PL and HK1009. Mycelial extract of HK1009 induced high inhibitory effect on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells comparing to PL and PB without toxicity on the cells. The results suggest that P. linteus HN1009K possesses superior antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 1989

To find antitumor components in the cultured mycelia of Lepiota procera, the proteinpolysaccharide obtained from the mycelia was subjected to DEAE - Sephadex A-50 column chromatography and Sepharose-4B gel filtration. Of the fractions, the purified Fraction C1 was named lepiotan and examined for antitumor activity against the solid form of sarcoma 180 in ICR mice. The inhibition ratio of lepiotan was 64% at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 10days. The chemical analysis of lepiotan showed 60% polysaccharide and 21 % protein. The polysaccharide moiety was found to be a heteromannoglucan which consisted of 46.3% glucose, 40.2% mannose and 11.0% fucose. When the antitumor component, Fraction A, was examined for immunopotentiation activity, it was found to increase the number of plaques in hemolytic plaque assay and to restore the immunity in the tumor-bearing mice up to 89.7% of the normal level. Also the antitumor acitivity was suppressed by the treatment with carrageenan, an antimacrophage agent. These results indicate that the antitumor activity was exerted through immunopotentiation, but not through direct cytotoxicity against the tumor.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Mushrooms have been extensively used as traditional medicines to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined whether Trametes cubensis extract (TCE) exerted beneficial effects on cardiovascular function. First, we demonstrated that TCE was non-cytotoxic and enhanced cell proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Moreover, TCE induced cell migration and blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced adhesion of monocytes to BAEC. We performed a variety of cell signaling studies, showing that TCE activates p38 MAPK and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results showed that TCE-induced vascular functions were mediated by p38 MAPK, but not by ROS. These results provide insights into bio-medical applications of TCE as a preventive or therapeutic agent for treating cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis.

• Food Industry
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• s.109
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• pp.34-40
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• 1991

1. 환자발생 규모는 10명 이하가 $38.0\%$로 가장 많았고 50명 이상의 대규모 발생도 $13.0\%$이었다. 대규모 환자발생은 세균성 식중독이 원인이었다. 2. 전체 식중독에 $67.3\%$가 7월부터 9월에 집중되어 계절의 변화에 영향받고 있음을 알 수 있다. Vibrio에 의한 발생은 특히 하절기에 높았고 Salmonella, Staphyloccus는 상대적으로 연중 계속해서 발생 가능성을 보였다. 독성물질에 의한 식중독은 계절과 무관하였으나 식물성 식중독은 7, 8월에 집중되고 있다. 3. 세균성 식중독이 $56.2\%$, 독성물질에 의한 식중독이 $17.8\%$이었다. 세균성 식중독의 원인균은 Vibrio $35.4\%$, Salmonella $27.2\%$, Escheri-chia coli $17.7\%$, Staphylococcus $17.7\%$ 순이었다. 독성물질에 의한 식중독은 식물성 식중독이 $64\%$로 가장 많았다. 4. Vibrio 식중독의 주원인식품은 해산물이지만 cross-contamination에 의해 오염된 다른 식품으로도 발생한 것으로 나타났다. Salmone-lla 식중독은 관혼상제시 거의 빠지지 않고 제공되는 돼지고기 편육이 주원인식품이었다. 5. 전체 식중독의 $76.8\%$가 가정과 식품접객업소(구내식당 포함)에서 발생되었으며, 특히 도시지역은 $66.4\%$가 식품접객업소에서 농촌지역은 $58.9\%$가 가정에서 발생되어 지역간의 차이를 보였다. 6. 독버섯은 독성물질에 의한 식중독의 주원인식품으로 농촌가정에서 일상식을 통한 섭취로 많이 발생되고 있으며, 사망자의 발생이 가장 많은 치명적인 원인식품이었다. 7. 식품접객업소에서 발생된 식중독의 주원인식품은 해산물이며, 덜익혀지거나 생선회 같이 날것을 섭취하여 발생하였다. 8. 생일잔치 및 회갑연, 결혼 피로연, 문상, 제사 등의 관혼상제시 발생되는 식중독은 농촌지역의 가정에서 주로 발생되고 있다. 구내 식당 및 관광지 음식점의 식중독 발생이 많은 것은 이들 시설에 대한 위생관리가 미비하여 대규모 식중독 발생의 위험이 항시 존재하고 있다고 할 수 있다.