• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2015

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.90-97
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• 2017

Construction of urban emergency shelters based on disaster-prevention green space is an important part of an urban disaster response plan. The accessibility of disaster-prevention green space is directly related to the disaster prevention service effect of green space. Taking the Jung-gu and Nam-gu districts of Ulsan city as research targets, the accessibility of three green spaces was analyzed by a network analysis method based on information regarding the distribution of population and green space and the urban road network. Two indicators for evaluating the service effect of green spaces were service population rate and service area rate. The results showed that the accessibility of the emergency refuge parks (5min) and central refuge parks was relatively good but the service area rate and service population rate of the emergency refuge parks (3min) and temporary refuge parks was less than 60%. In view of the overall situation, the service effect of disaster-prevention green space is at this point only general in Ulsan and there is great room for improvement.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2015

This study defined and classified no-net-loss-of-greenness (NNLG) based on the law, and then assessed the NNLG index by metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea after estimating NNLG evaluation indicators for the introduction of NNLG for health improvement of urban ecosystems. The results are as follows. First, NNLG was the comprehensive meaning that was included in the greenbelt and park greenbelt and the green area which was defined by the Act on Urban Parks, Greenbelts, etc. and the National Land Planning and Utilization Act respectively. Second, NNLG was classified as a park greenbelt which was included urban parks and greenbelts such as buffer greenbelts, scenic greenbelts, and connecting greenbelts, green areas which was included in green conservation areas, green production areas, green natural areas, and green coverage which is included forests, grasslands, and wetlands that were occupied by vegetation such as trees, shrubs, and plants. Third, NNLG index by cities and provinces was assessed based on the estimation of NNLG evaluation indicators, which included parks and greenbelt areas per capita, green areas per capita, green coverage per capita, ratio of parks and greenbelts, ratio of green areas, and ratio of green coverage. As a result, Sejong city got the highest point of NNLG index and Seoul and Daegu got lowest points of NNLG index among metropolitan cities in Korea. Chungbuk got the highest point of NNLG index and Kyonggi and Jeju got lowest points of NNLG index among provinces in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.87-102
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• 2019

Since the Child Friendly Cities Initiative(CFCI), a UNICEF-led initiative, was first introduced to Seongbuk-gu in 2013, more than half of the districts of Seoul are making efforts to achieve the accreditation of the Child Friendly City(CFC). At this point, when an initiative is transformed from a special policy of a few districts into a general policy of many local governments, we need to examine and check on how friendly urban parks are to children. This study focused on neighborhood parks that tend to be less friendly to children as compared to children's parks and looked into the current status, because neighborhood parks are also well used by users of all ages including children. The evaluation criteria was developed based on the review of domestic and international guidelines of child friendly parks and neighborhood parks. Futhermore, field studies, user questionnaire, and a participatory design workshop were introduced to analyze the status of child-friendly environment of neighborhood parks. Findings are as follows. First, vague definitions of child cause the inconsistency of child-related policies. Second, Neighborhood parks are not conceived as a public space for children. Third, the consideration of youth is relatively low. Fourth, adjacent area of a park turns out not to be child friendly as well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.39-40
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• 2023

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.927-936
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• 2016

This research aims to analyze the effect of different types of urban parks and their locational characteristics on the apartment price in the entire metropolitan area of Busan, Korea. Although an urban park is an environmental good that influences the surroundings in many ways, most of the previous studies have underestimated its impact on the value of the surrounding area. This research focuses on the economic value of urban parks by understanding their relationship with the value of the apartments in the surrounding area with its significance in their physical and objective characteristics. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the different typological characteristics of urban parks in the analysis. In summary of the result, the number of levels (stories) and units of the apartment complex, ranking of the contractor, age of a park and accessibility to sub-central are positively related to the price of apartment units. On the other hand, the total area of apartment complex, the age of apartments, the distance to the nearest park and accessibility to civic-central or regional district are negatively related to the price of apartment units. Having a plan for constructing a park is also positively related to the price. For the typological characters of a park, neighborhood park, small-sized park, and sports park are positively related to the price, while children's park is negatively related to the price of apartment units. Considering that the price increases as the distance to the nearest park decreases, people prefer to live near the benefits that urban parks provide. In order to maximize the value and benefits that parks provide, it is necessary to approach them creatively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.14-26
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• 2018

Light has been an essential part of human life. The advancement of technology has changed cities' nightscape and night activities in a drastic way. Lighting has influenced the identity of a city while promoting a variety of civic nighttime cultural pursuits, yet lighting design has not been considered adequately in the field of landscape architecture. This study aims to analyze the current status of lighting in urban parks through interviews with professionals, literature and regulation reviews, analysis of design documents and a field survey focused on Yeouido Park in Seoul. The findings and improvement directions are as follows. First, it is necessary to develop a specific lighting design method in order to avoid a marginalized, passive approach such as light fixture installation. Second, the existing standards of illuminance by KS A 3011 regulating only horizontal illuminance has turned out not to evaluate the current nightscape of urban parks properly. Therefore the criteria and guideline for analysis and design for nightscape should be articulated. Third, there are no design or management strategies to consider the changing landscape of urban parks, which is necessary due to the changing characteristics of park ecosystems. Lastly, detailed guidelines for distinguished spaces in urban parks should be studied and suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2021

At a time when the equitable use of urban parks is gradually emerging as a social issue, this study was initiated to expand the influence of urban parks by improving the quality of park services, thereby resolving areas not covered by urban park services. This study targeted the Hangang Park in Seoul, where the qualitative service of parks shows the greatest difference. The influence relationship between the qualitative services of the park and the user's sphere of influence, which indicates the distribution of park users, was proposed to assess the influence of improvements in the quality of service. As a research method, the top three districts and the bottom three districts were selected through the Han River Park user satisfaction survey conducted from 2017 to 2019, and a qualitative service evaluation was carried out. It was derived using the data acquired in September. Afterward, by performing a spatial autocorrelation analysis on the user's sphere of influence, additional verification of the user's sphere of influence was performed numerically and visually. As a result of the study, the user influence in the top three districts, with high-quality service, was stronger and wider than that of the lower three districts. It was confirmed that the quality of service of the park affects the user influence. This shows that to realize park equity, it is necessary to improve the quality of services through continuous management and improvement of individual parks and the creation of new parks. This study has significance in that it recognizes the limitations of research on park services from a supplier's point of view and evaluates the qualitative services of parks from the perspective of actual park users. We propose an alternative to deal with the lower the park deprivation index.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2021

This study evaluated the degree of interaction between the people and the environment using perceived naturalness measure. The seventh-grade index of Hemeroby was divided into subclasses of land cover according to degrees of human influence. The grade was standardized for each indicator to evaluate the current state of urban parks in Seoul by applying probability density function and weight. User evaluation was conducted on six distinctive parks selected. In the results, three implications were found between spatial evaluation according to the perceived naturalness. First, park users evaluated highly for the spaces such as broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest and mixed forest evaluated highly in the Hemeroby grade index. Park users generally recognized that various types of trees in the area had high naturalness. The density of trees is one of the factors in perceived naturalness. Second, water spaces were highly evaluated for naturalness in the Hemeroby grade index. However, the perceived naturalness of water spaces such as inland wetlands, pond and reservoir evaluated in various ways depending on environmental conditions around the park. Third, perceived naturalness is easily evaluated through vertical landscape elements such as trees rather than horizontal landscapes such as grassland. The perceived naturalness is similar to the naturalness evaluation using land cover. However the study found the perceived naturalness for a specific space was different from the Hemeroby index. Perceived naturalness by the user includes the content that the individual sees, hears, and experiences. Park users are usually structuring naturalness through evaluating the value of urban green spaces based on personal perception. Therefore there is no absolute standard criterion for evaluating the naturalness of urban green spaces. A deeper study is needed that considers user bundles or user groups with conflicting interests on the perceived naturalness in urban parks. These studies will be essential data on the direction of naturalness urban park service should provide.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

This paper deals with Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) of 2.28 Memorial Park in Daegu. The park is located in center of the city. The results and discussions could be used as basic data for urban park planning and design, in CBD. A questionnaire was conducted for 15 days from May 11, to May 26, 2016, and a sample group consisting of 230 on site users. The behavior, satisfaction, and preference of space image, were surveyed. The behavior analysis, satisfaction, and image evaluation questionnaire were derived using previous studies, and reliability, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted using SPSS. As a result, the items were very reliable, causal factors were extracted, and the variables that affect satisfaction and image preference were able to be identified. In the 2.28 Memorial Park, user satisfaction and image evaluation value were very high in most items. As a result of the assessment, the green-water landscape factors and cleanness factors, which have the greatest influence on satisfaction and preference, should be continuously maintained. Due to the characteristics of the city center parks, the users of the parks also felt environmental problems in the urban areas, so the users assessed noise levels, plant species, and air quality at a low level. Therefore, to solve this, plans such as noise abatement and extension of green space should be ongoing.