• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2013

The development of the oil refining industry has resulted in an annual 120 million tons of sulphur, which is a by-product of the desulphurization process. To exploit this abundance, the applications of sulphur must be expanded. as excellent durability of reuse of leftover sulphur which has high potential for utilization in construction materials, the study is actively in progress. Meanwhile, there has been active research on semi-rigid pavements that draw on the strengths and overcome the weaknesses of asphalt and concrete pavements. Acrylate is used to prevent cracking but involves a high cost, thus, an alternative material is required. As such, this study presents methods on the reuse of leftover sulphur and examines the engineering performance of grout containing sulfur polymer emulsion (SPE) for use in semi-rigid pavements. Our analysis shows that grout in which 30% of acrylate is replaced with SPE has superior properties in terms of time of flow and strength compared to regular grout. However, performance declined when more than 50% of acrylate was replaced by SPE, indicating that the optimum replacement level is 30%. Through SEM analysis, we found that grout with utra harding cement in this study at three hours had similar hydration properties to that of Type 1 Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) at seven days, and maintained the properties regardless of grout containing SPE. OPC and grout with a replacement level of 30% displayed similar levels of chloride invasion resistance, whereas grout without SPE was far less resistant. Within the scope of this paper, the optimum replacement level of acrylate with SPE was found to be 30% in consideration of various properties such as time of flow, strength, and chloride invasion resistance.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.909-921
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• 2010

Cross-wave regression imputation and carry-over imputation method are generally used in the analysis of panel data with missing values. Recently it is known that the BLS non-response adjust method has good statistical properties. In this paper we show that the BLS method can be considered as an imputation method with a similar formula of a ratio-estimator. In addition, we show that the carry-over imputation and BLS imputation are approximately the same under the assumption that data follow a non-stationary process with drift. Small simulation studies and real data analysis are performed. For the real data analysis, a monthly labor statistic (2007) is used.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 2001

Fuzzy theory is used to quantify some subjective criteria and consider uncertain factors for transmission line reinforcement planning in this paper. Sugeno's fuzzy integral is also used in the proposed method, because it can be easily allied to multi attribute decision making problems such as power system planning. To verify the proposed algorithm, some bode-neck lines are searched for the case that the amount of Maximal Load Supplying Capability(MLSC) is small using the results of contingency analysis for Korea Electric Power Corporation(KEPCO)'s 345[kV] transmission line in 1998. And several feasible alternatives are composed for line reinforcement which can dissolve the bottle-neck.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.642-646
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• 2002

Pysicochemical and sensory characteristics of cookies with various levels of functional rice flour were investigated in this study. Dough pH of 10% substituted group and Spreadability of 20 and 30% substituted group had significantly higher values than that of control group. Density of Dough had significantly the largest value of 1.27 with 10% substituted sample group. The L value of brightness in control group had significantly the largest value of 69.31. The b value of 20% substituted sample group had significantly the largest value of 35.60. Results of sensory characteristics showed significantly higher savory aroma, savory flavor, hardness and brownness with 10% substituted sample group. Acceptance test of cookies with 20% substituted sample group showed higher overall acceptability than those of others. Quality caracteristics of 10 to 30% subsituted sample groups indicated significantly similar or higher values compared to those of control showing the possibilities of developments in health concerned funtional rice coopkies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.443-446
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• 2009

In this study, a series of degradation test for structural adhesives was performed to investigate the possibility of replacement of the alternative adhesives to the conventional adhesives. Four types of the adhesives were exposed to combined environmental conditions over 1000 hours at an accelerated aging tester, which can simulate natural weather conditions such temperature, moisture and ultraviolet. Mechanical and chemical properties of the adhesives were evaluated through material testing system and FT/IR spectrometer. According to the results, the conventional adhesives can be replaced by the alternative adhesives because the alternative adhesives were more stable to environmental conditions rather than the conventional adhesives.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.761-796
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to derive fuel mix of electricity generating system with the lowest cost considering energy security and climate change mitigations as the target of energy policy. Energy Security Price Index(ESPI), based on the measure of market concentration in fossil fuel market and political risk of exporting countries, is chosen to assess the level of energy security. The methodology of Energy Conservation Supply Curve(CSC) is applied to fuel mix to meet the carbon emission mitigation through increasing the alternatives participation and introduction of new technologies. These also represent an improvement on the level of energy security, having the complementarity between two objectives. The alternative measure for improving energy security is exploration and production(E&P) of fossil fuel for energy sufficiency. Fuel mix of electricity generating system to achieve certain objectives in 2020 can be derived with the lowest cost considering energy security and carbon emission mitigations.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.79.1-79.1
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• 2011

인쇄전자 기술은 기존의 다양한 인쇄 공정에 전자 재료를 적용하여 전자소자 및 전자소자에 적용 가능한 제품들을 생산하는 기술이다. 인쇄 공정은 크게 접촉식과 비접촉식으로 구분할 수 있는데 비접촉식 인쇄 방식의 대표적인 예가 잉크젯과 스프레이 방식을 이용한 인쇄라고 할 수 있다. ESD는 정전기력을 이용한 스프레이 방식의 인쇄 공정으로써 기존의 정전기력만을 이용한 인쇄 방식과는 달리 정전기력과 공압을 동시에 적용하여 상대적으로 빠른 시간 내에 나노 박막의 코팅과 패터닝이 가능한 공정이다. 일반적으로 터치 패널에 사용되는 ITO의 경우는 증착 방식에 의존하고 있어 공정 시간이 길고 생산 단가도 비싸다는 단점이 있다. ESD 코팅의 경우는 기존의 증착 방식이 아닌 직접 인쇄 방식으로 공정 시간과 비용을 절감할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 투명 전도막 형성에 사용되는 전도성 고분자의 경우 ITO를 대체할 수 있을 만큼의 성능을 지니고 있어 터치 패널용 전극으로 응용할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 ESD 공정을 이용하여 ITO 대체가 가능한 터치패널용 투명전극을 형성하였다. 전도성 고분자의 코팅 두께에 따라 전기적인 특성이 변화하지만 투과도 80%를 전후로 면저항이 $60{\sim}80{\Omega}/{\Box}$의 성능이 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 코팅된 투명 전도막을 이용하여 터치패널용 모듈 제작을 통해 동작 여부도 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.7 s.93
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• pp.139-148
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• 2006

In order to incorporate substitution effects between different transport modes in optimal road Pricing, relating economic theories and models have been reviewed. It includes unconstrained optimization problem of maximizing separable and non-separable social net benefit functions of different substitutable urban transport modes. In doing that, the problem and limitations such as path-independent conditions with the asymmetric Jacobian of the objective function have been reviewed. Consequently, a plausible way of deriving optimal road price under interdependent market conditions has been suggested so that the idea can help identifying desirable and acceptable urban transport policy alternatives in a more comprehensive way.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.361-361
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• 2021

가뭄의 경우 타 자연재난에 비해 발생경로, 피해범위, 발생기간 등이 매우 다양해 다각적인 측면에서의 대응책 마련이 필요하다. 따라서, 극한가뭄에 대비한 지자체별 가뭄 역량 평가를 수행하는 것은 재난관리에 있어서 최우선이라고 할 수 있다. 현재 국내외적으로 가뭄과 관련된 지역적 복원력을 평가한 사례는 매우 적다. 가뭄은 지진, 홍수 등과 같은 타 자연재난에 비하여 지속기간이 길고, 그 지속기간에 따라 피해의 영향 또한 파급력이 달라지므로 복원력 산정을 위한 항목, 복원력 곡선의 저하 형태 및 양상 역시 가뭄의 특성에 맞춰 도출되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 지자체별 극한가뭄에 대한 복원력 정량화를 위하여 가뭄과 관련된 내구성, 대체성, 신속성, 자원동원력의 세부인자를 정성인자와 정량인자로 구분하여 총 18개 항목으로 구성하였다. 구성된 18가지 항목이 정량인자 뿐만 아니라 정성인자로 구성됨에 따라, 모든 인자를 동일한 가중치로 평가할 경우 최종결과가 상대적 중요도의 미 고려로 인해 왜곡될 가능성이 존재한다. 따라서 계층적분석기법(AHP, Analytic Hierarchy Process)을 통해 내구성, 대체성, 신속성, 그리고 자원동원력에 대한 가중치와 내구성, 대체성, 그리고 신속성에 대한 세부 지표별 가중치를 도출하여 지역별 메가가뭄 복원력을 정량화 하였다. 분석결과를 동일한 가중치를 적용한 결과와 비교분석하였으며, 과거 가뭄사례를 통해 검토하였다.

• 건강소식
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.10-11
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• 2012

잠을 이해하기 위한 노력은 인간의 역사와 함께 진행됐다. 수면의 정체에 대해서는 아직 많은 부분이 자세히 밝혀지지 않고 있지만, 대체로 대사상의 노폐물을 제거하고 재충전하는 데 필요한 시간으로 이해되고 있다. 지구 여러 곳에서 행한 연구 결과에 따르면 하루 7~8시간보다 적게 자거나, 그보다 많이 자는 사람은 각종 질병에 노출되어 있다.