• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2001

Pathologic changes and distribution of viral antigen as determined by immunohistochemistry were compared among 4-wk-old specific-pathogen free (SPF) chickens inoculated intratracheally with velogenic vis-cerotropic Newcastle disease virus isolated in Korea. Although the pattern of organ involvement and severity of lesion was different among chickens infected with different velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease (VVND) viruses, the pathological types of lesion was similar among the chickens. Severe lymphocytic necrosis and depletion were main histologic lesions in the immune related organs such as thymus, Fabricius bursa and spleen. The frequency of IP positive staining was variable depends on the types of tissues but not types of the kinds of VVND viruses infected. Brain, Fabricius bursa, thymus, cecal tonsil and trachea were IP positive with fairly high frequency and spleen, lung, proventriculus, intestine, pancreas, liver, kidney, heart and Harderian gland were with relatively low frequency. These results suggest that histologic evaluation and viral antigen specific immunohistochemical staining methods to determine virus distribution will be useful for pathogenic study of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus infection in chicken.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of restricted feeding to laying performance and egg quality in brown layers. A total of 1,080 brown layer chicks were divided into three treatments; conventional feeding (ad libitum) and two restricted feedings (80% of conventional diet) for 70 weeks. One of restricted feeding started from six to eighteen weeks of age, and the other started from twelve to eighteen weeks of age. Diets were formulated by NRC (1994) recommendation. Overall laying performance and feed intake were the highest in $6{\sim}18 wk$ restricted group. But there was no significant difference among treatment group (P>0.05). Feed intake was higher in $6{\sim}18 wk$ restricted group during maximum production (P<0.05), but there was no difference between treatments after the peak. Egg quality tended to decreased by aging, but there was no significant difference among the treatments (P>0.05). The result of present study indicated that restricted feeding in rearing period of layers is beneficial to improve egg productivity and to reduce feed cost.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of compound fertilizer contained slow release nitrogen such as isobutylidene diurea(IBDU) and methylene urea(MU) on kentucky bluegrasss and the change of nitrogen in the root zone after supplying these at AM turfgrass research institute with soil analysis, chlorophyll content index, leaf area index and dry weight during 6 months from July to December in 2007 year. Fertilizer treatments were designed as following; non-fertilizer(NF), straight fertilizer(CF), methylene urea(MU), isobutylidene diurea(IBDU). The every treatments were arranged a randomized complete block with three replications. Results obtained were summarized as follows: As relative to time after N fertilizers application, ammonium and nitrate in soil were increased, but T-N was decrease. The change of ratio of available Nand T-N by elapsed time after fertilizing was decreased in CF from 30days but increased until 45days. Compared with NF, the turf color index in CF, MU and IBDU was increased 1.5%, 2.5% and 2.3%, respectively, the chlorophyll content 16%, 25% and 26%, the dry weight 31%, 62% and 46% and shoot number 104%, 185% and 148%. The chlorophyll content index of MU and IBDU was increased 7.5% and 8.8% than that of CF, shoot number 40% and 22%, and dry weight 24% and 12% but turf color index was similar to that of CF. These results showed that the MU and IBDU application was supplied nitrogen for a long time in root zone by increasing an available nitrogen, and so promote turf grass growth such as chlorophyll content and shoot number in kentucky bluegrass.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

This study investigated the synergistic effect of single inoculation and co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Pantoea rodasil LH-1and Burkholderia stabilis HS-7. Phosphate-solubilizing abilities of these strains were assessed by measuring phosphorus content in culture media that were singly inoculated or co-inoculated with these strains for 7 days. The co-inoculation of P. rodasil LH-1and B. stabilis HS-7 was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus ($783.41{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of B. stabilis HS-7B ($743.90{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) and P. rodasil LH-1 ($736.59{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$). The highest pH reduction, organic acid production, and glucose consumption were also observed in the medium inoculated with both the strains, compared with that in the medium inoculated with the strain alone. Results of a plant growth promotion bioassay showed 7.7% and 15.5% higher leaf and root growth, respectively, in romaine lettuce co-inoculated with P. rodasil LH-1and B. stabilis HS-7 than those inoculated with the strain alone. However, no significant difference was observed between single inoculation and co-inoculation of these strains with respect to phosphorus release and plant growth. Although the results of the present study did remarkdly not show the synergistic effect of phosphate solubilization by co-inoculation of the PSB strains examined, these results indicate that treatment with PSB exerts a beneficial effect on crop growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.776-783
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• 2005

To develop functional kimchi which had anti-obesity effect, garcinia cambogia extract containing $51.46\%$ hydroxy citric acid (HCA) was used as a sub-ingredient of American preferred kimchi (APK). The APK added to garcinia cambogia extracts of 0.5$\%,\;1.0\%,\;1.5\%\;and\;2.0\%$ were prepared, and fermentation characteristics and anti-obesity effect of those kimchi were investigated. The pH of APK added to garcinia cambogia extracts (APKH) was low as the amount of garcinia cambogia extract increased at initial stage of fermentation but the pH of those kimchi showed similar values after optimum ripened stage. The number of Lactobacillus sp. and Leuconostoc sp. were small as the amount of garcinia cambogia extract increased while the period was delayed that the number of Lactobacillus sp. and Leuconostoc sp. attained to maximum. In Hunter's color values of APKH, lightness and redness decreased as the amount of garcinia cambogia extracts increased while yellowness increased. Sensory scores in overall acceptance, taste and texture of APKH evaluated by Americans as sensory panels were similar until the addition amount of garcinia cambogia extract was $1.5\%$, therefore the garcinia cambogia extract of $1.5\%$ was determined as tile amount adding to APK. The secretions of glycerol and leptin as a key signalling factor for anti-obesity effect were examined in APK and APKH added to garcinia cambogia extract of $1.5\%$. There were no significant differences in the glycerol secretion when adipocytes were treated with APK and APKH extracts. However, leptin secretion in the adipocytes treated with APKH extract was significantly decreased compared to that of control (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1434-1442
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• 2005

The Present study was attempted to investigate the Possibility of modification of functional properties of the rice flour by crosslinking proteins using microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) derived from a variant of Streptoverticillium sp. MTGase was added at various levels (3,000, 5,000, 7,000 and 10,000 ppm) during making noodles mixed with the rice flour. Mixograph and farinograph showed that imported wheat flour (IWF) had strong dough stability, while the rice flour showed very weak dough strength. However addition of mTGase (3,000, 5,000 and 7,000 ppm) resulted in improvement of dough stability of the rice flour. Texture profile analysis (TPA) results indicated that most of texture parameters (gumminess, chewiness and hardness) of cooked noodles prepared from the rice flour were significantly lower than those of noodles prepared from IWF. However, by addition of mTGase (at the levels of 3,000, 5,000, 7,000 ppm) dough stability and all the TPA values and sensory score (at the level of 7,000 ppm mTGase) on chewiness and hardness of cooked noodles made with $30\%$ rice flour were improved significantly. These results suggest that dough stability and texture of rice noodles as well as sensory characteristics could be improved by addition of mTGase to the rice flour.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus, medicinal plant extracts, and plant extracts on growth performance, cecal microflora, relative organ weight, and lymphocyte profile in broiler chickens. One hundred broilers (5 wk old) were used and divided into five (treatment) ${\times}$ two (challenged Salmonella) groups containing 10 broilers. The treatments were as follows: no antibiotics group (NC), antibiotics group (PC), 0.1% lactic acid bacteria group (LB), 100 ppm medicinal plant extract group (MPE), and 100 ppm herb extract group (HE). A basal diet was formulated as 3,100 kcal/kg ME and 20% CP based on corn and soybean meal. Broilers were fed with the experimental diets with no challenge for 1 wk and with challenge of SG for 2 wk. SG were added in water as $1.0{\times}10^6cfu/L$. Final body weight and weight gain were significantly decreased following challenge with SG (P<0.05). However, with the addition of antibiotic alternatives, growth performance was improved and reduction of performance following challenge with SG was lowed compared with that of the NC treatment (P<0.05). Coliform bacteria and Salmonella but not lactic acid bacteria increased with the addition of antibiotic alternatives (P<0.05). Lactobacillus increased significantly with the addition of lactic acid bacteria compared with the NC and PC treatments (P<0.05). The weight of liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius increased with addition of antibiotic alternatives (P<0.05). WBC was highly reduced at 4 days after challenge with SG, but was normally maintained thereafter. There was no significant difference in coliform bacteria, Salmonella, organ weights, or WBC with the addition of antibiotic alternatives. Finally, Lactobacillus, medicinal plant extract, and herb extract can be used as antibiotic alternatives; but one alternative completely can't alternate as antibiotics. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the synergistic effects of two or more antibiotic alternatives.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1056-1071
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the quality and microbial population changes for 90 days under two fermentation conditions, outdoors and indoors (35℃), with starters (single or mixed) in soybean paste. Bacillus velezensis NY12-2 (S1), Debaryomyces hansenii D5-P5 (S2), Enterococcus faecium N78-11 (S3), and their mixtures (M) were used for the makjang fermentation. The content of amino-type nitrogen among the makjang samples was highly shown in the indoors, followed by M, S3, and S2. The glutamic and aspartic acid contents in the M sample fermented in the indoors showed the highest values of 867.42±77.27 and 243.20±15.79 mg/g, respectively. By the electronic tongue analysis, the M sample fermented in the indoors exhibited lower saltiness and higher umami than the others. Consequently, we expect that using mixed strains, such as Bacillus, Debaryomyces, and Enterococcus, under constant conditions showed potential to the quality improvement of soy products.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 1973

This report is prepared to promote cocoon natures for the use of silk reeling material. It is easily understandable that there must be disuniformity composed with superior group and inferior group in commercial silkworms. If such different groups be seperated by some method, it would be a great contribution for the cocoon production. For a comparative purpose, silkworm sex seperation carried out because male silkworms produce more silk than female worms. The author has developed a new chemical reagent available for the seperation of superior group and inferior group from commercial silkworms, which he has named it as Better Hybrid Controller (BHC). The obtained comparative results are summarized as followings. 1. Basic investigation of BHC application a) In case BHC applied with hybrid worms and pure line, the former one starts to adapt mulberry leaves earlyer than pure line variety. b) The mulberry adapting interval distribution of pure line worms after BHC application showed U type distribution, but hybrid worms showed L type or Poisson's distribution. c) In case of BHC application with silkworms, the longer period application is, the duller distribution was formed. d) When silkworms are seperated in two groups by use of BHC application, the earlyer mulberry adapted group is seemed as stronger than the other part and the group ratio is 2 : 1. 2. Comparation between sex seperation result and better hydrid control (BHC) seperation result. a) The cocoon shell per cent of male worm group showed betweer result than the female group but only 0.4% difference between sexes. b) The cocoon shell per cent of superior group, seperated by BHC, showed 0.7% more than the inferior group. c) The average cocoon shell per cent of BHC treated cocoons showed much more than the Control group as 1.6∼2.4% increase. Enven the inferior group showed better result than the Control. d) Such unexpected result is considered to be the result that BHC application is activating some thing with silkworm physiology. e) On the ether hand, the result of sexes seperated groups or male worm group did not show desirable conclusion as far as cocoon shell per cent is concerned. f) However, when the male group was reeled as silk, it showed much better silk yield or silk per cent of cocoon than the female group as much as one per cent difference between by sexes. Such result was brought by superior silk yield from cocoon shell as much as 87.4%. g) On the other hand, the male group showed lowest non breaking reelable ratio (63%) among all group comparation. h) When we compare cocoon qualities by sex seperation and BHC seperation against the Control, there is no qualitative change, but BHC group showed quantitative promotion with cocoon bave length as much as about hundred meters. i) In case of calculation for productive income of cocoon production, BHC applied group showed about ten per cent income promotion more than the Control. The sexes seperated group, however, showed rather negative result because the male cocoon produced poor weight per box eggs which could not cover it by the inclose of silk yield of it. j) So, the BHC application with the fetched worm stage brought about big promotion for cocoon production. k) BHC method may be used either for seperation purpose or quantitative promotion with whole silk-worms. 3. Only male silkworms rearing did not show desirable productivity, so there is no reason to work out it in the fetching stage of worm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.403-409
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• 2016

MRI scan is a useful method in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal excellent contrast of the organization. Depending on the patient's musculoskeletal examinations state the type of aids provided the aid is used there is also challenging as well as the costs do not vary. This study was produced by the use of 3D printing technology, an MRI aids. Aids in the production process, then through 3D modeling and then convert stl files using (3D MAX.2014, Fusion360) slicing programs (Cubicreater 2.1ver., Cura 15.4ver) converted to G-code printed on the FDM scheme (Cubicon Style, output was MICRO MAKE). Output is, but in the FDM to evaluate the SNR on the MRI images were compared to the test is the case before use, and then to produce a Water Phantom case of a PLA, ABS, a TPU thickness 3mm, using aids before, It was evaluated in a clinical image after qualitatively. Obtaining an image of SNR Warter Phantom appeared to have been evaluated as T1 NON $123.778{\pm}28.492$, PLA $123.522{\pm}28.373$, ABS $124.461{\pm}25.716$, TPU $124.843{\pm}27.272$. T2 NON $127.421{\pm}26.949$, was rated as PLA $124.501{\pm}27.768$, ABS $128.663{\pm}26.549$, TPU $130.171{\pm}25.998$. The results did not show statistically significant differences. The use of assistive devices before and after images Clinical evaluation method palliative $3.20{\pm}0.88$, $3.95{\pm}0.76$ after using the aids used to aid improved the quality of the image. Production of the auxiliary mechanism using a future 3D printing is expected are thought to be used clinically, it can be an aid making safe and comfortable than the inspection of the patient is an alternative to improve the problems of the aids used in the conventional do.