• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.324-327
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• 2006

COD 제거효율은 각 조의 부처꽃을 제외한 대조군의 경우 물상추 56%, 달뿌리풀 48%, 미나리 41%의 제거효율을 보이고, 발포유리가 첨가된 조의 경우는 물상추 69%, 달뿌리풀 68% 미나리 62%의 제거효율을 보임으로써 발포유리를 첨가한 조의 COD 제거효율이 대조군 보다 높았다. T-N의 제거효율은 발포유리를 첨가한 조의 경우 부처꽃 91%, 달뿌리풀 93%와 발포유리를 첨가한 혼합조가 94%의 높은 T-N 제거효율 보임으로써 모든 질소성분이 제거된 것으로 사료된다. T-P의 제거효율은 대조군의 부처꽃 35%, 달뿌리풀 8%이며, 발포유리를 첨가한 조의 부처꽃 78%, 달뿌리풀 43%로 발포유리를 첨가한조의 T-P 제거효율이 대조군 보다 높았다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.262-267
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• 2022

이커머스 리뷰와 같은 특정 도메인의 경우, 텍스트 표현벡터 학습을 위한 양질의 오픈 학습 데이터를 구하기 어렵다. 또한 사람이 수동으로 검수하며 학습데이터를 만드는 경우, 많은 시간과 비용을 소모하게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 수동으로 검수된 데이터없이 양질의 텍스트 표현벡터를 만들 수 있도록 두 단계의 대조 학습 시스템을 제안한다. 이 두 단계 대조 학습 시스템은 레이블링 된 학습데이터가 필요하지 않은 자기지도 학습 단계와 리뷰의 특성을 고려한 자동 레이블링 기반의 지도 학습 단계로 구성된다. 또한 노이즈에 강한 오류함수와 한국어에 유효한 데이터 증강 기법을 적용한다. 그 결과 스피어먼 상관 계수 기반의 성능 평가를 통해, 베이스 모델과 비교하여 성능을 14.03 향상하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.618-620
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• 2023

최근 자연어처리 분야에서 의미론적 유사성을 반영하기 위한 대조 학습 (contrastive learning) 관련 연구가 활발히 이뤄지고 있다. 이러한 대조 학습의 핵심은 의미론적으로 가까워져야 하는 쌍과 멀어져야 하는 쌍을 잘 구축하는 것이지만, 기존의 손실 함수는 문장의 상대적인 유사성을 풍부하게 반영하는데 한계가 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해, 이전 연구에서는 삼중 항 손실 함수 (triplet loss)를 도입하였으며, 본 논문에서는 이러한 삼중 항을 구성하기 위해 대조 학습에서의 효과적인 토큰 컷오프(cutoff) 데이터 증강 기법을 제안한다. BERT, RoBERTa 등 널리 활용되는 언어 모델을 이용한 실험을 통해 제안하는 방법의 우수한 성능을 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.77-91
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• 1996

In order to elucidate the biological etiology and the effects of comorbidity on biological variables in tic disorders, plasma serotonin (5-hydroxlfryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-hydroxy- indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) we.e measured in 87 tic disorders and 30 control subjects. The 87 tic disorder were composed of 45 Tourette's disorder(TS), 22 chronic motor tic disorders (CMT) and 20 transient tic disorders (TTD). Among these patients,43 patients were pure tic disorder (PT), 28 subject also had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (T+ADHD) and 16 subjects had obsessive compulsive disorders (T+ OCD) as comorbid disorders. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Plasma 5-HT levels showed significant positive correlations with plasma 5-HIAA levels (Pennon r=0.77, p<0.05). 2) Plasma 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels showed no significant correlation with age in tic disorders. 3) Plasma 5-HIAA and 5-HT levels showed no significant correlations with age in control subjects. 4) There was significant difference in plasma 5-HT levels among TS, CMT, TTD and control groups (ANOVA F=34.48, df=3, 113, p<0.01), and post-hoc test using Scheffe method showed significant differences between control and TS, control and CMT, control and ITD groups. But, post-hoc test showed no significant differences between TS and CMT, TS and TTD, CMT and TTD groups. 5) There was significant difference in plasma 5-HIAA levels among TS, CMT, TTD and control groups (ANOVA F=26.48, df=3, 113, p<0.01), and post-hoc test using Scheffe method showed significant differences between control and TS, control and CMT, control and TTD groups. But, post-hoc test showed no significant differences between TS and CMT, TS and TTD, CMT and TID groups.f) There was significant difference in plasma 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels among PT, T+ADHD, T+OCD and contol groups (ANOVA 5-HT, F=37.59, df=3, 113, p<0.01, 5-HIAA, F=27.37, df=3, 113, p<0.01), and post-hoc test using Scheffe method showed signiscant differences between control and PT, control and T+ADHD and control and T+OCB. But, post-hoc test showed no significant differences between PT and T+ADHD, PT and T+ OCD and T+ADHD and T+ OCD. These results show that decreased 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels may play a role in the genesis of tic disorders, but these findings have no significant correlations with the severity of tic disorders. And the comorbid disorders of tics may have minimal effects on the biochemical abnormalities. Future studies must be focused on the effects of serotonin agonists and antagonists on tic disorders and molecular biological methodology may enhance to elucidate the mechanisms of these abnormal findings.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.382-389
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• 2008

To achieve a better understanding of protective effects of water extracts of Panax ginseng against TCDD-induced toxicities, we monitored physiological and clinical changes in rat for 4 weeks after administrations of each Panax Ginseng extract or TCDD, and co-administration of the two materials. For this study, 120 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 190-210 g each (8 weeks old) were divided into four groups: TCDD-administered, co-administered group with TCDD and ginseng extract, ginseng extract-administered, and control group. The TCDD-administered group received single dose of TCDD in a corn oil vehicle ($25\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) by intraperitoneal administration on Day 1. The Panax ginseng extracts-administered group received intraperitoneally 100 mg/kg body weight every other day for one month. For the co-administered group with TCDD and ginseng extracts, Panax ginseng extracts were intraperitoneally administered to rats at 100 mg/kg body weight every other day for one month after a single intraperitoneal dose of $25\;{\mu}g$ of TCDD/kg body weight on Day 1. Panax ginseng extracts attenuated the mortality induced by TCDD administration. The extracts also slightly attenuated the TCDD-induced body weight loss. Administration of TCDD alone increased liver weight at 2, 5, and 16 days after administration of TCDD. Administration of Panax ginseng extracts rather decreased liver weight through whole the experimental period, but which was statistically insignificant. Administration of TCDD alone at $25\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight increased both serum enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) at 32 days, indicating that liver damage occurred maximally at that time. Ginseng extract administration caused insignificant changes in serum ALT, but gradually decreased in AST as the exposure time increased. Coadministration of TCDD and ginseng extracts caused serum AST activity to significant recovery to normal value at 16 days and 32 days after exposure to TCDD. The extracts also significantly decreased the TCDD-induced ALT activity after 16 days of TCDD administration. These results suggest that Panax ginseng extracts may possess a protective effect against TCDD-induced toxicities including hepatotoxicity in rats.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.488-495
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• 2009

Pork cutlet is a favorite deep fat fried food item among Korean children, and an excellent protein-containing food, and as well as a simple and economical cuisine. However, the frying process adds a significant amount of calories. We added MC (Methylcellulose) and HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) to the batter in an effort to reduce oil uptake in prepared pork cutlets. After additions of MC and HPMC at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5% respectively, we assessed the viscosity of batter, color after frying, the increases in moisture retention and oil uptake, and sensory characteristics, comparing each quality. The viscosity of batter with 0.5% HPMC added (w/w) was similar to that of the controls, but the viscosity of all the batter with added MC was so much higher that it was difficult to use the batter for coating at the same temperature, leading to a failure even to prepare a sample. After frying, the batter with added HPMC provided significantly less oil uptake and more moisture retention than the batter to which MC was added. Additionally, with regard to color and sensory characteristics, the pork cutlet with 0.5% added HPMC was superior to the other samples. According to these results, we concluded that when cellulose derivatives are added in order to reduce oil uptake and to raise the moisture retention of the batter of pork cutlet, HPMC is more useful in this regard than MC. Additionally, the batter with 0.5% HPMC added appears to be the best of the tested choices, for three reasons: first, the viscosity of the batter is similar to that of the controls; second, the taste is not greasy after frying as the result of the reduced oil uptake and higher moisture retention; and third, the sensory characteristics of this sample, such as, color, crispiness, and hardness were the best among samples.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-116
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• 1985

소의 번식효율을 증가시키기 위한 기초실험으로서 6%, 10% 및 20%의 bovine serum albumin 을 사용한 선인들의 방법과 tyrode액을 사용하여 시도한 저자의 방법으로 소의 원정액, 희석정액 및 일반시판 냉동정액으로부터 고활력정자를 분리수집하여 정자의 각종 성상과 광학현미경적 형태를 비교관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 원정액으로부터 bovine serum albumin을 사용하여 분리한 정자는 대조군에 비하여 운동성, 운동성 정자수, 정상정자율 및 전진운동성이 현저히 높았고 정자회수율은 6%일 때 가장 높았다. 2. 원정액으로부터 bovine serum albumin을 사용하여 고활력정자를 분리한 후 냉동한 정액의 정자운동성, 정상정자율 및 전진운동성은 대조군에 비하여 현저히 높았고, 이러한 현상은 bovine serum albumin의 농도가 20%일 때에 가장 현저하게 나타났다. 3. Bovine serum albumin을 사용하여 분리한 고활력정자의 냉동전 및 냉동후의 광학현미경적인 기형율은 대조군에 비하여 현저히 낮았다. 4. Bovine serum albumin을 사용하여 분리한 고활력정자는 전자현미경으로 세포막의 확장 및 공포 형성, acrosome의 확장과 density loss의 변형율이 대조군에 비하여 낮았다. 5. 일반시판 냉동정액으로부터의 고활력정자의 분리는 bovine serum albumin을 사용할 때는 어려웠으나, tyrode액을 사용한 이 실험에서는 가능하였다. 6. 원정액, 희석정액 및 냉동정액의 고활력정자회수율은 tyrode 액을 이용하여 80분간 정치하였을때 현저히 높았다. 7. Tyrode 액을 이용하여 원정액, 희석정액 및 냉동정액으로부터 분리된 고활력정자의 운동성, 전진운동성 및 정상정자율은 대조군에 비하여 현저히 높았다. 8. Tyrode 액을 이용하여 원정액, 희석정액 및 냉동정액으로부터 분리한 고활력정자의 광학현미경적 기형율은 대조군에 비하여 현저히 낮았다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2008

생물학적동등성시험기준에 따라 플레록사신정 (Fleroxacin, 100 mg) 을 시험약으로 하고 메가로신정 100 mg을 대조약으로 하여 $2{\times}2$ 교차 시험법에 따라 건강한 성인 지원자 24명에게 3정 (fleroxacine, 300 mg/정) 씩을 경구투여한 후, 각 피험자들의 혈중 약물농도 데이터로부터 구한 혈중농도-시간곡선하면적 (AUCtmax.) 과 최고혈중농도 (Cmax) 등의 생체이용률 파라미터에 대해 통계학적으로 고찰하여 두 제제간의 생물학적동등성을 평가하였다. 혈중 약물농도는 HPLC/UV 검출기로 분석하다. 플레록사신정의 대조약과 시험약에 대한 동등성 여부를 종합적으로 판단하여 보면 생물학적동등성시험의 판단 기준인 2항목 (AUCt, Cmax) 에 대하여 두 가지 비교항목 중 AUCt 값의 경우 대조약은 $44.26{\pm}7.12{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/mL$, 시험약은 $4.11{\pm}1.63{\mu}g/mL$이며 두 약물의 로그변환한 평균치 차의 90% 신뢰구간은 log 0.9570 에서 log 1.0565 이다. Cmax 값의 경우 대조약은 $45.16{\pm}10.04{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/mL$, 시험약은 $3.78{\pm}1.01{\mu}g/mL$ 이며, 대조약과 시험약의 로그변환한 평균치 차의 90% 신뢰구간이 log 0.8369에서 log 1.0626 로서, AUCt 와 Cmax 두 항목 모두 log 0.8에서 log 1.25 이내이어야 한다는 생물학적동등성시험 기준을 충족시켰다. 이러한 결과들로부터, 시험약 플레록사신정 (Fleroxacin, 100mg)은 대조약인 메가로신정 100 mg 대하여 생물학적동등성의 판단 기준인 두 항목 AUCt와 Cmax에 있어서 생물학적으로 동등함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.171-178
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• 1990

Potential teratogenicity of Azinphos-methyl and Carbaryl was investigated in developing chick embryos. $100\;\mu\textrm{l}$ of Azinphos-methyl and Carbaryl was injected into air sac on day 4 of incubation. Body weight changes and morphological changes were examined. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Body length, limb lengths and claw length of groups treated with high dose of Azinphosmethyl and Carbaryl were significantly shortened compared to untreated of vehicle control and body weights of them were significantly lower than those of control groups. 2. Treatment of Azinphos-methyl and Carbaryl increased incidence ratios of dead embryo by dosage (Azinphos-methyl: 18%, 21%, 41%, Carbaryl: 26%, 50%). 3. One case of beak malformation occurred in Carbaryl treatment group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.591-597
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• 2003

To investigate antioxidative and antiaging effects of yellow and black soybeans in vivo system, male SD rats (n＝24) were fed the diets containing casein (C), yellow soybean (YS) or black soybean (BS) for 8 weeks. Experimental groups showed the preventive effect on lipid and protein oxidation, especially protein oxidation of plasma was significantly inhibited in BS group. SOD and catalase activities were not different among the groups, but hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity was significantly lowered in YS and BS groups compared with control group. The contents of superoxide anion radical in cytosol were significantly lowered in experimental groups compared with control group. And hydroxyl radical was slightly lowered in soybean groups. Lipofuscin accumulation on the heart and eyes of rats was effectively inhibited by yellow soybean and black soybean, respectively. In conclusion, these results suggest that yellow soybean and black soybean have the antioxidative/antiaging effect in vivo system and they have similar activities despite different color of seed coat.