• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 1992

Dogs were divided into 3 groups of two each; Bacillie Calmette-Guerin(BCG) pretreatment, M bovis only treatment and uninfected control group. BCG were vaccinated intradermally with 0.2ml before 3weeks of M bovis intraperitoneal infection. Infection at necropsy 4months later was readily in the both treated dogs. Histopathologically, the BCG pretreated dogs produce the moderate accumulation of macrophages and focal granuloma formation in the lung, whereas the M bovis only treared dogs produce the accumulation of predominantly macrophages, occasionaly polymorphonuclear cells and the more larger granuloma Bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) was obtained and total and differential cell counts were examined. Total number of BAL cells harvested from uninfected dogs is lower compared with those of the both treated groups. The total cell number of M bovis only treated dogs were singificantly higher 1.8 times than that of the BCG pretreated dogs. The Fe receptor activity and the growth of organism in alveolar macrophages obtained from BCG pretreated dogs were compared with that in macrophages from M bovis only treated dogs. BCG vaccination resulted in substantial macrophage activation, measured as increased Fc receptor mediated phagocytosis and rosette formation, as wells as the inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria multiplication. However, actibated macrophages taken from BCG pretreated dogs are incapable of killing the M bovis. Thus, these results suggest that BCG pretrearment in the dog may produce a protective effect against tuberculosis because active alveolar macrophages have acquired antituberculous immunity, although few mycobacteria within the lung remain in a metabolically active state.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.418-423
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• 2001

To investigate the modulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) during corneal epithelial wound healing and the effect of topical NGF on corneal epithelial wound healing in dogs. An axial epithelial defect was created in the right eye using 6mm axial corneal mechanical debridement while the left served as an unwounded control. The tears were collected from both eyes during 1 week and the corneal epithelium was processed for the measurement of NGF at day 0 and 7. The NGF content of tears and corneal epithelium was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In another experiment, the animals were divided into 3 groups. The right eyes in each group were treated every six hours with 200 ug/ml of recombinant human (rh) NGF, murine NGF, or 600 ug/ml of anti-NGF blocking antibody. The left eye of each animal was treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to serve as controls. Wound healing was analyzed using NIH image software. Tear NGF was markedly increased in the wounded eyes, relative to tears from control eyes during the early healing period. The NGF content of the corneal epithelium was elevated in the wounded eye (p=0.024). Time to wound closure and rate of epithelial migration were not significantly different between the NGF treated or the NGF antibody treated, and the control BSA treated eyes. Corneal epithelial wounding increased NGF content only on the wounded side during the early healing period. Neither topical recombinant human or murine NGF affected corneal epithelial wound healing in the normal dog.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.363-372
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• 2021

Aim of this study was to confirm the effect of teaching and learning methods on outcomes of learner according to learning style. For this, 22 of dental hygiene students(case group) was treated teaching & learning methods according to learning style while 24 of students(control group) was non treated. Pre-survey were performed before performance of program. Formative Evaluation(FE) was conducted in 2, 3 and 4 week of program respectively and summative evaluation(SE), survey of subject interest(SI) and learning motivation(LM) were conducted in 5 week. The result of study, FE, SI and LM after treatment were increased than before treatment in case group(p<0.05). SI and LM of case group were higher than control group(p<0.05). FE after treatment was increased than before treatment in he assimilator(p<0.05). SI and LM of case groups were higher than control group in assimilator and diverger(p<0.05). The result of correlation analysis, SI was related with SE, FE, LM(p<0.01, p<0.05). Thus, it is necessary to development, application and study of teaching & learning consider to learning style.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4394-4402
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• 2011

The study was done to examine the effects of horticulture therapy on depression and stress in patient of hospice unit. The subjects of this study were hospice patient in D hospital in D city, thirty hospice patient were assigned to experimental group, thirty hospice patient were assigned to control group. Data were collected from April 29, 2009 to July 26, 2009. Horticulture therapy program consisted of indoor and outdoor horticultural activities. The horticulture therapy was conducted 30 minutes, 6 times a week for 3 weeks (a total 18 times). Measures were depression, and stress by serum cortisol count. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and t-test with SPSS/WIN 17.0 version. The results of this study was patients in the experimental group receiving Horticulture therapy had a significant difference in changes of depression between the experimental group and control group. The study results indicate that horticulture therapy is an effective, palliative intervention program to improve the depression and stress of hospice patients.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cortical punching could stimulate the expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL during tooth movement by immunohistochemistry. Methods: 34 sprague-dawley rats (15 weeks old) were allocated into 3 groups: TMC group (experimental group; Tooth Movement with Corticotomy, n = 16), TM group (control group; Tooth Movement only group, n = 16), and non-treatment group (n = 2). 20 gm of orthodontic force was applied to rat incisors by inserting elastic bands. The duration of force application was 1, 4, 7 and 14 days. A microscrew (diameter 1.2 mm) was used for cortical punching of the palatal side of the upper incisors in the TMC group. Results: Distributions of OPG, RANK, and RANKL were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. OPG, RANK and RANKL were observed on experimental and control groups. On the compression side, the degree of the expression of OPG decreased in both groups. The expression of RANK was most prominent in the experimental group of day 4. The expression of RANKL was most intensive and extensive in the experimental group of day 7. However, the expression of OPG was decreased in the experimental and control groups compared to the non treatment group. The expression of OPG, RANK and RANKL after force application were decreased at day 14. Conclusions: These findings suggested that cortical punching might stimulate remodeling of alveolar bone during a 2 week period of tooth movement without any pathologic change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.603-607
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• 2003

To investigate the alcohol metabolizing system in liver of rats drunken 10% ethanol with Monascus pigment extract (MPE), Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 250 g have been drunken 10% ethanol containing 1, 2.5 and 5% Monascus pigment extract for a month. Three groups of rats drunken 10% ethanol with MPE gained somewhat less body weight than normal group, but the changes of body weight was not significantly different among the former groups. All groups drunken MPE supplemented alcohol had no remarkable changes in liver function on the basis of liver weight/body weight, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and xanthine oxidase activity. 10% alcohol drunken animals (control group) showed significantly increased activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) by 87% compared with normal group and the animals drunken 1%, 2.5% and 5% MPE showed respectively 34%, 29% and 21% increased activity of hepatic ADH, whileas Km value of ADH in 1, 2.5 and 5% MPE group decreased by 40%, 30% and 19% respectively compared with the control, but Vmax showed no significant changes among MPE groups. In case of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), 1% MPE group showed significantly increased activity by 32% and 2.5% or 5% MPE group showed increasing tendency compared with control, and Km value in three experimental groups declined by 27% and no particular changes were found among those. Furthermore, Vmax value in 1, 2.5 and 5% MEP group increased by 88,56 and 22% respectively with the control. In the aspect of the area under the curve of a ethanol concentration versus time (AUC) profile obtained after administration of 10% alcohol with 1 or 5% MPE, the decreasing rate of AUC to the control was 18% in 1% MPE treated rats whereas 10% in 5% MPE group.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.412-421
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• 2010

As a most conservative, minimally invasive trial against early caries lesions, resin infiltration concept has been introduced and studied mainly about effective materials and pre-treatment methods of surface layers to arrest the lesion effectively, which is still going on. This study was performed with an aim of evaluating the efficacy of arresting the caries process in the natural incipient lesions in spite of removing the surface layers and we obtained the results as follows: 1. It was revealed that infiltration groups(1, 3, 5) showed lower radio-density decline between pre- and posttreatment than control groups(2, 4, 6)(p<0.05). 2. Group 5, in which the surface layer was removed with hydrochloric acid, showed the most significant anticariogenic effect(p<0.05). 3. Under SEM evaluation after infiltration, group 1 and 3 showed more irregular destruction and intensive loss of surface layers than group 5. In conclusion, it was thought resin infiltration can be an effective tool against the early caries lesions although surface layers are removed.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.155-168
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect the radiation-resistance of chitosan on the mice. A healthy male ICR mice were used for experiment. The SOD and MDA activity was measured from the liver of mice at 48 and 72 hours after the irradiation. The ultrastructural changes of the liver by irradiation was observed at 24, 48 and 72 hours after irradiation. The experimental groups were divided into three groups. Group 1 was the control group which was not treated with chitosanoligosaccharide before or after iradiation. Group 2 was the prefeeding group which chitosanoligosaccharide solution was supplied by feeding ad libitum for 30 days before irradiation. Group 3 was the postfeeding group which chitosanoligosaccharide solution was supplied by feeding after irradiation. In all groups 10 mice were used. The results were as follow: The SOD and MDA activity of the prefeeding group was decreased significantly (P<0.01). Control group - The nuclei were condensed. The mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) were extended and the ribosome was dropped from the rER. Prefeeding group - The nuclei were rounded. The mitochondria was elongated. And the rER attached ribosomes. Postfeeding group - The nuclei were slightly condensed. The mitochondria and the rER were extended and the ribosome was dropped from the rER. It was concluded that the chitosanoligosaccharide was effective in the radiation-protection. So, chitosan would have the potential as the radiation-protection materials.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.241-257
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• 2000

Autogenous periosteal grafts are an attractive alternative to existing barrier membrane materials since they meet the reqiurements of an ideal material. But no histological data are available on the effectiveness of periosteal membranes in the treatment of periodontal defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of autogenous periosteal graft on periodontal regeneration histologically. Class II furcation defects were surgically created on the second, third and the fourth premolars bilaterally in the mandibules of six mongrel dogs. The experimental sites were divided into three groups according to the treatment modalities; control group - surgical debridement only; Group I- autogenous periosteal membrane placement after surgical debridement; Group II-autogenous periosteal membrane placement after surgical debridement and bone grafting. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 12 weeks after periodontal surgery and the decalcified and undecalcified specimens were prepared for histological and histometrical analysis. Clinically all treated groups healed without significant problems. Under light microscope, at 2 weeks, control group showed significant apical epithelial migration and bone remodelling only below the notch area. But for the group I, II with autogenous periosteal graft, less apical migration of epithelium appeared and large amount of osteoid tissue showed above the notch area. Grafted periosteal membrane was indiscernable at 4 weeks, so periosteal membrane might be organized to surrounding tissues. Histometrically, at 4 and 12 weeks, all the test and control groups didn't show significant change of epithelial zone but new attachment level tended to be gained in the test groups than control group. These results suggest that autogenous periosteal grafts should be a good alternative for guided tissue regeneration.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

The study was intended to investigate elementary schoolers' oral health status according to whether the school have and manage an school oral health clinic or not in order to provide useful information for continuously developing the school oral health clinic 1,163 children in Hwasan elementary school in Hwasung city and 485 children in S elementary school in the same locality were selected as the experimental group and the control group, respectively, and orally examined from May 1st to 30th, 2004. The findings from the oral examination were as follows. 1. DMF rate was higher in the higher grades in both the groups. The rate was lower in the experimental group with 45.1% of the children than in the control group with 65.3% of the children. 2. DMFT rate also were higher as the grades were higher in both the groups. The ratio was lower in the experimental group with 30.4% of the children than in the control group with 44.6% of the children. 3. DMFT index was 1.0 in number in the experimental group and 1.6 in the control group. Index increase from the 1st grade to the sixth grade was also more positive in the experimental group. 4. DT rate was a little higher in the experimental group in the first graders, but comparatively decreased to the grades while increased in the control group. In the sixth graders, the rate was 42.4% in the experimental group and 87.7% in the control group, the former was less than the latter by about 50% point. 5. FT rate was a little higher in the control group for the first graders but increased in the experimental group to the grades. The rate in the sixth graders was higher by more than double in the experimental group. Based on the above findings, the region of the study had better oral health statistics than in other regions. The operation of school oral health clinics that provide dental health care to children at the right time seems to contribute to enhancing their dental health status by preventing against dental diseases and changing their relevant knowledge, attitude and behaviors. In the future, more school oral health clinics should gradually be prepared to push ahead with a sustained, extensive dental health project geared toward school-aged children. To make it happen, dental hygienists who are professional medical personnels should be taken advantage of, and in order to beef up the efficiency of preventive measures and oral health education, the best dental health care services should be offered by harnessing dental hygienists and dentists who work at public dental clinics run by local governments.