• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.738-743
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• 2013

Linoleic acid and its metabolites have various medicinal effects with carboxylic acid functional group. General carboxylic acid compounds are discovered as glucuronide metabolites by UGT glucuronosyl transferase at liver. Consequently, glucuronides of linoleic acid metabolites are expected as potent conjugated metabolite. A previous study reported two epoxide metabolites and two dihydroxy metabolites of linoleic acid. There are prepared their glucuronic acid conjugated compounds as potent linoleic acid metabolites.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.969-982
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• 2016

Recently, the researches to discovery drug candidates from natural herbs have received considerable attention. In human body, enzyme mostly metabolize the compounds of natural herbs. In this study, we analysis the enzyme interactions using assoication mining. We get this data from BRENDA(: BRaunschweig ENzyme DAtabase) system. Based on enzyme interaction model, we divide the metabolites into substrate metabolites, product metabolites, inhibitor metabolites, and activating metabolites. We then compose substrate metabolite transaction, product metabolite transaction with each metabolites and enzyme interaction transaction with all metabolites. Also we take account of organism for each transactions. We mine frequent metabolites and patterns from six transactions using association rule mining. And we analysis the relationship among metabolites. As a result, we identify the distributions and patterns of metabolites consist in enzyme interactions. We found that metabolites include in only substrate are identified and have very low supports. This results can be useful to develop the effective metabolism prediction model for compounds of natural herbs.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 1988

Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene, the most thoroughly studied PAH, was studied in mouse placental microsomes incubated with $^3$H-labeled B(a)P. B(a)P metabolites were separated using HPLC fitted with a C18- $\mu$ Bondapak column. The single major metabolite by mouse placental microsomes induced by B(a)P was 7, 8-diol B(a)P, while 4, 5-diol B(a)P, 3-OH and quinones constituted minor metabolites. Treatment with 3-methyl-cholanthrene to mice resulted in indudion of hydroxy B(a)P and quinone compounds. Phenobarbital treated mouse placental microsomes also showed elevated level of B(a)P metabolism with 7, 8-diol B(a)P as a major metabolite.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1977.10a
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• pp.193-194
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• 1977

대사길항물질에 의한 미생물의 생육조해는 그 시험계에 대사검질을 첨가하므로써 회복되는 것이며 최소검정배지에 대한 대사조해에 대사물질, 예로 amino산, 핵산등을 첨가해서 조해회복을 screening하므로써 그들 물질(amino산 핵산등)의 대사에 길항하는 새로운 화합물을 발견할수가 있다. 이러한 견지에서 고선균이 생산하는 새로운 amino 산대사 길항물질이 탐색을 목적으로하여 screening한 결과 토양에서 새로이 분이한 Streptomyces 1주의 탑양액중에 L-threonine에만 결항작용을 나타내는 물질의 존재를 확인하고 유사구조를 갖는 2종의 tripeptide 대사조항물질의 단이에 성공하였으며 이들을 plumbemycin A 및 B라고 명명하였다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.246-261
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• 1996

Organophosphorus pesticides, which are an important part of synthetic pesticides in current use contain sulfur atom in their molecules and can be activated or detoxified by environmental and/or biological metabolism. Among the related metabolic reactions, oxidative processes are particularly important with their final products and the study on the reactive intermediates formed in those reactions is essential to elucidate the metabolic pathways and mechanisms and to understand the toxicological properties. This review dealt with the reactive intermediates formed in various reactions from the structural and mechanistic point of view for organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2001

We have investigated the secondary metabolites from the mushroom Suillus granulatus. The methanolic extract of fruit body was separated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. TLC and HPLC were also used for the further purification on compounds from the extracts, Nine compounds were finally isolated and their structures were assigned as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester 5'-deoxy-5'methylthioadenosine. indole-3- carboxlic acid methyl ester indole 3-carboxaldehyde 1,3,5-trihydroxy 7-methylanthraquinone nicotinamide and 3-geranylgeranyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid on the basis of NMR studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.192-192
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 cytochrome P450 LA1 유전자의 5'-upsteam 조절부위의 클로닝을 실시하였다. pUC19 vector에 연결시킨 3.4 Kb 크기의 Pstl DNA조각을 Sst1, Nco1 제한 효소로 자른 뒤, Exonuclease III 를 처리하여 약 200bp 씩의 차이를 갖는 여러 크기의 plasmid들을 얻었다. 이 plasmid 의 핵산서열을 알아보기 위해 dideoxy nucletide를 이용한 sequencing방법으로 그 핵산서열의 결정 실험을 시도하였다. 또한, 다환상 방향족 탄화수소 화합물에 반응성을 갖는 C57BL/6N 생쥐와 반응성을 갖지않는 DBA/2N 생쥐에 있어 phase II 대사 효소인UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 효소활성에 대한 3-methylcholanthrene의 영향을 알아보기 위해 C57BL/6N 생쥐와 DBA/2N 생쥐에 각각 다른 농도의 3-methylcholanthrene을 처리하거나 각기 다른 시간에 3-methylcholanthrene를 처리하였다. 그 결과 UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase의 mRNA가 3-methylcholanthrene양의 증가에 따라, 처치시간이 길어짐에 따라 증가되어지며 그 mRNA위 크기는 약 2.2Kb 정도임을 알았다. 이로부터 UDP-ghucuronosyltransferase 또한 cytochrome P45O와 함께 다환상 방향족 탄화수소 화합물 조절인자를 통한 조절을 받을 것이며 phase I phase II 약물 대사 효소가 조절상 밀접한 관련을 가짐을 예측할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2003

방향족 화합물인 폴리염화비페닐(PCB)은 비페닐 기본골격의 10개소의 탄소에 1개에서부터 10개까지의 염소가 치환되어 있는 물질로써 그 독성과 잔류성으로 인해 중대한 환경오염물질의 하나로 주목받고 있다. 폴리염화비페닐에 의한 환경오염은 수질오염으로 이어지며, 식물연쇄에 의해 어류의 경우 그 농축계수가 10만 정도까지 이른다고 한다. 이러한 현상은 육상에서도 일어나며 생물농축과 식물연쇄에 의해 결국 식품을 오염시키게 된다. 이와 같은 난분해성 오염물질의 정화에는 미생물이 가지고 있는 분해능력이 큰 역할을 담당한다는 것이 알려져 있다. 1970년대 토양으로부터 비페닐을 분해ㆍ이용할 수 있는 비페닐 자화성균이 단리된 이후, 호기적으로 폴리염화비페닐을 분해하는 균을 중심으로 연구가 행해져 왔으며 방향족 화합물에 있어서의 대사 경로 등이 밝혀지게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 폴리염화비페닐을 분해하는 능력을 가지는 분해균을 모델로 하여 다양한 환경하에서 폴리염화비페닐을 분해ㆍ대사 할 수 있는 미생물의 분리를 시도하였다. 그 결과 클로로비페닐 분해능을 가진 Gram 양성균을 단리하는데 성공하였고, 이 균이 Bacillus속의 미생물인 것을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.402-417
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the use of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) as a carrier of the receptor-binding ligand the receptor mediated uptake into liver and subsequent metabolism of $^{111}In-labeled$ galactosylated MoAb-chelator conjugates were investigated and compared with those of $^{111}In$ labeled MoAb. Materials and Methods : T101 MoAb, $IgG_2$ against human lymphocytic leukemic cell, conjugated with cyclic DTPA dianhydride (DTPA) or 2-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-6-methyl-DTPA (1B4M) was galactosylated with 2-imino-2-methoxyethyl-1-thio-${\beta}$-D-galactose and then radiolabeled with $^{111}In$. Biodistribution and metabolism study was peformed with two $^{111}In-conjugates$ in mice and rats. Results: $^{111}In-labeled$ T101 and its galactosylated conjugates were taken to the liver by the time, mostly within 10 min. However DTPA conjugate was retained longer in the liver than the 1B4M conjugate (55% vs 20% of injected dose at 44 hr). During this time, the radiornetabolite of DTPA conjugate was excreted similarly into urine (24%) and feces (17%). The radiometabolite of 1B4M was excreted primarily into feces (68%) rather than urine (8%). Size exclusion HPLC analysis of the bile and supernatant of liver homogenate showed two peaks the first (35%) with the retention time (Rt) identical to IgG and the second (65%) with Rt similar to free $^{111}In$ at 3 hr post-injection for the 1B4M conjugate, indicating that the metabolite is rapidly excreted through the biliary system. in contrast to DTPA conjugate, the small $^{111}In-DTPA-like$ metabolite was the major radioindium component (90%) in the liver homogenate as early as 3 hour post-injection, but the cumulative radioindium activity in feces was only 17% at 44 hour, indicating that the metabolite from DTPA conjugate does not clear readily through the biliary tract. Conclusion: The galactosylation of the MoAb conjugates resulted in higher hepatocyte uptake and enhanced metabolism, compared to those without galactosylation. Metabolism of the MoAb-conjugates is different between compounds radiolabled with different chelators due to different characteristics of radiometabolites generated in the liver.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2002

A bioconcentration experiment was performed for killifish using nonradioactive and radioactive butachlor. At 0.036 ppm concentration, the highest bioconcentration ratio $(C_f/C_w)$ and BCF at steady state recorded as 296 and 87 respectively. And at 0.0036 ppm concentration, the highest $C_f/C_w$ ratio was 169 and the BCF was 51 at steady state. Considering the experimental variation of the BCF's, the BCF of butachlor was tentatively determined to be $69{\pm}28$. And the $^{14}C-butachlor$ and its metabolites depurated about 50% within 12 hours and 90% within 30 hours after depuration experiment started. And in vivo metabolites, designated as M-I, M-II, and M-III, were found in killifish and the excretes as butachlor was metabolised.