• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1977.10a
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• pp.193-194
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• 1977

대사길항물질에 의한 미생물의 생육조해는 그 시험계에 대사검질을 첨가하므로써 회복되는 것이며 최소검정배지에 대한 대사조해에 대사물질, 예로 amino산, 핵산등을 첨가해서 조해회복을 screening하므로써 그들 물질(amino산 핵산등)의 대사에 길항하는 새로운 화합물을 발견할수가 있다. 이러한 견지에서 고선균이 생산하는 새로운 amino 산대사 길항물질이 탐색을 목적으로하여 screening한 결과 토양에서 새로이 분이한 Streptomyces 1주의 탑양액중에 L-threonine에만 결항작용을 나타내는 물질의 존재를 확인하고 유사구조를 갖는 2종의 tripeptide 대사조항물질의 단이에 성공하였으며 이들을 plumbemycin A 및 B라고 명명하였다.(중략)

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2002

This study was aimed to determine the urinary metabolite of profenofos, one of the organophos-phorus pesticides, as the biomarkers of exposure. Urine samples were collected fort 24 hours in metabolic cages after oral administration and dermal application of profenofos to rats. Identification of the derivatized urinary metabolite was determined by GC/MS and excretion time courses of the urinary metabolite was analyzed by GC/MS. Urinary metabolite of profenofos, 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol, was detected in rats urine both after oral administration and dermal application of profenofos. Parent compound was not detected in the experiment. In GC/MS, the mass spectral confirmation for 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol ion was identified at m/z 208.4-bromo-2-chlorophenol was excreted within 48 hours and 72 hours after oral administration and dermal application of profenofos, respectively. In this study, the same urinary metabolite of profenofos was detected both in oral and dermal exposure. Generally, excretion of the urinary metabolite after oral administration was detected faster than after dermal application. It is suggested that urinary 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol could be used as the biomarkers of exposure to profenofos.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2014

A metabolomic study using GC/MS analysis was conducted to identify key metabolic components regulating the growth of open-pollinated Pinus koraiensis families, which were grown for 29 years at three different locations. Among 110 individual metabolites identified, the contents of 62 metabolites were higher in the superior than in the inferior families (p<0.05), together with 22 metabolites, such as phosphoric acid, alanine, glycine, malic acid, and sucrose, being accumulated 1.5-fold higher in the superior families. In addition, 15 metabolites including alanine, malic acid, sucrose, d-turanose, and succinic acid showed positive correlation with the growth (p<0.01). Furthermore, the metabolites, of which contents were correlated with the growth but not significantly changed at different locations, were acetic acid, succinic acid, butanoic acid, glutamic acid, and inositol. Therefore we suggest that several metabolites selected in this study may be used as metabolic markers for quantitative growth trait in P. koraiensis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.465-466
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• 2001

동물의 대사기능은 체내 주요 생리기능의 지표로서 체내의 물질대사 또는 에너지 대사의 결과를 반영한다 체내의 모든 생리적 과정은 동물과 환경간에 있어서 물질 및 에너지의 교환과 체내의 물질 및 에너지의 전환을 통해서 수행된다. 따라서 생체의 대사작용은 생존을 위한 역원적 중추기능이며 생체의 대사활성은 동물체의 기능적 항상성을 유지하는데 관련된 생리기능의 총체적 척도가 된다. (중략)

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 2004

Purpose: Usefulness of mouse liver S9 fraction was evaluated for the measurement of the metabolites in the in vitro metabolism study of $^{18}F$-labeled radiotracers. Materials and Methods: Mouse liver S9 fraction was isolated at au early step in the course of microsome preparation. The in vitro metabolism studies were tarried out by incubating a mixture containing the radiotracer, S9 fraction and NADPH at $37^{\ciirc}C$, and an aliquot of the mixture was analyzed at the indicated time points by radio-TLC. Metabolic defluorination was further confirmed by the incubation with calcium phosphate, a bone mimic. Results: The radiotracer $[^{18}F]1$ underwent metabolic defluorination within 15 min, which was consistent with the results of the in vivo method and the in vitro method using microsome. Radiotracer $[^{18}F]2$ was metabolized to three metabolites including $4-[^{18}F]fluorobenzoic$ acid within 60 min. It is likely that the one of these metabolites at the origin of radio-TLC was identical with the one that obtained from the in vivo and in vitro (microsome) method. Compared with the in vitro method using microsome, the method using S9 fraction gave a similar pattern of the metabolites but with a different ratio, which can be explained by the presence of cytosol in the S9 fraction. Conclusion: These results suggest that the findings of the in vitro metabolism studies using S9 fraction can reflect the in vivo metabolism of novel radiotracers in the liver. Moreover, this method can be used as a tool to determine metabolic defluorination along with calcium phosphate absorption method.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to confirm the exactitude of in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMRS) and to complement the defect of in vivo NMRS. It has been difficult to understand the metabolism of a cerebellum using in vivo NMRS owing to the generated inhomogeneity of magnetic fields (B0 and B1 field) by the complexity of the cerebellum structure. Thus, this study tried to more exactly analyze the metabolism of a canine cerebellum using the cell extraction and high resolution NMRS. In order to conduct the absolute metabolic quantification in a canine cerebellum, the spectrum of our phantom included in various brain metabolites (i.e., NAA, Cr, Cho, Ins, Lac, GABA, Glu, Gln, Tau and Ala) was obtained. The canine cerebellum tissue was extracted using the methanol-chloroform water extraction (M/C extraction) and one group was filtered and the other group was not under extract processing. Finally, NMRS of a phantom solution and two extract solution (90% D2O) was progressed using a 500MHz (11.4 T) NMR machine. Filtering a solution of the tissue extract increased the signal to noise ratio (SNR). The metabolic concentrations of a canine cerebellum were more close to rat’s metabolic concentration than human’s metabolic concentration. The present study demonstrates the absolute quantification technique in vitro high resolution NMRS with tissue extraction as the method to accurately measure metabolite concentration.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to quantitate regional neurochemical profile of regional normal adult mice brain and assess regional metabolic differences by using ex vivo $^1H$ high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ($^1H$ HR-MAS NMRS). The animals were matched in sex and age. The collected brain tissue included frontal cortex, temporal cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus. Quantitative 1D spectra were acquired on 40 samples with the CPMG pulse sequence (8 kHz spectral window, TR/TE = 5500/2.2 ms, NEX = 128, scan time: 17 min 20 sec). The mass of brain tissue and $D_2O$+TSP solvent were 8~14 mg and 7~13 mg. A total of 16 metabolites were quantified as follow: Acet, NAA, NAAG, tCr, Cr, tCho, Cho, GPC + PC, mIns, Lac, GABA, Glu, Gln, Tau and Ala. As a results, Acet, Cho, NAA, NAAG and mIns were showed significantly different aspects on frontal cortex, hippocampus, temporal cortex and thalamus respectively. The present study demonstrated that absolute metabolite concentrations were significantly different among four brain regions of adult mice. Our finding might be helpful to investigate brain metabolism of neuro-disease in animal model.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2003

This study was performed to determine the urinary metabolites of methidathion in rats. Urine samples were collected for 24 hours in metabolic cages following after oral administration and dermal application of methidation to rats. The urinary metabolites were identified by GC/MS and the excretion time courses of urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolites were analyzed by CG/FPD. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Three dialkyl phosphate metabolites, DMP, DMTP. and DMDTP, were detected in the rat urine. Urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolites were identified on the basis of their mass spectra by GC/MS. The molecular ions of DMP, DMTP,and DMDTP, were identified at m/z 198, and m/z 158, respectively. A comparison of excretion time courses of urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolites between the orally administrated and dermally applicated rats were also established, After oral administration, 79.2% of DMP, 93.9% of DMTP, and 83.0% of DMDTP were excreted into the urine by 12, 24, and 12 hours, respectively. After dermal application, 71.1% of DMP, 82.8% of DMTP 87.7% of DMDTP were excreted into the urine by 24, 48, 48 hours, respectively. Consequently, almost all of the dialkyl phosphates in oral administration were excreted within 48 hours. However, the metabolites in dermal application were excreted up to 168 hours. In the study, three urinary metabolites of methidation, DMP, DMTP and DMDTP, were detected in the rat both after oral administraion and dermal application with methidathion. And the urinary excretion in dermal application was more delayed than that in oral administration. Based on the results, it tis suggested that three urinary dealkyl phosphates, DMP, DMTP, and DMDTP, could be used as the biomarkers of exposure for methidathion.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2010

An entomopathogenic bacterium, Photorhabdus temperata ssp. temperata (Ptt), suppresses insect immune responses and facilitates its symbiotic nematode development in target insects. The immunosuppressive activity of Ptt enhances pathogenicity of various microbial pesticides including Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This study was performed to select a cheap and efficient bacterial culture medium for large scale culturing of the bacteria. Relatively cheap industrial bacterial culture media (MY and M2) were compared to two research media, Luria-Bertani (LB) and tryptic soy broth (TSB). In all tested media, a constant initial population of Ptt multiplied and reached a stationary phase at 48 h. However, more bacterial colony densities were detected in LB and TSB at the stationary phase compared to two industrial media. All bacterial culture broth gave significant synergism to Bt pathogenicity against third instars of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Production of bacterial metabolites extracted by either hexane or ethyl acetate did not show any significant difference in total mass among four culture media. Reverse phase HPLC separated the four bacterial metabolites, which were not much different in quantities among four bacterial culture broths. This study suggests that two industrial bacterial culture media can be used to economically culture Ptt in a large scale.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2008

간의 약물대사는 흡수된 외인성물질의 배설을 위한 중추적인 역할을 수행하면 이 반응은 일상대사와 이상대사효소로 구성된 약물대사효소계에 의해 매개된다. 약물대사효소의 발현과 활성은 외인성물질의 노출에 의해 유도되거나 억제되며 이 결과는 약물상호작용을 발생시키는 주요한 원인이다. 또한 당뇨, 비만, 영양실조, 음주, 염증반응 등의 병적인 생리상태는 간에서 약물대사효소의 발현과 활성을 조절하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이러한 변동은 치료약물 또는 환경오염물질에 대한 인체의 반응성에 영향을 미치며 결과적으로 예측하지 못한 부작용이나 독성을 발생시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 당뇨병에서 약물대사효소의 발현변화를 정리하였다.