• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.785-815
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• 2013

This paper analyzes the three issues related to the effect of environmental regulations on the Korean trades with gravity equation model: the effect on the Korean exports, the bilateral trade flows between the Korea and the trade partners, and the Korean international competitiveness. For all three issues we carried the empirical tests with fixed effect estimation methods for total industries, non-pollution industries, pollution industries, and also 16 individual pollution industries. We use industry panel data for the 120 largest trading countries with Korea for the years 2000-2010. The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is used as the proxy variable for the environmental regulation. The empirical result shows that while GDPs of both Korea and its trading partners are very important factors affecting positively the Korean trades for all industries, the environmental regulation of the importing country would be a definite trade barrier to the Korean pollution industries, but not a definite one for the non-pollution industries. In addition, the stricter environmental regulations of Korea's trade partners would weaken the Korean international competitiveness of Korean pollution industries. In this regard, the Porter Hypothesis would have not appeared in the Korean trades of pollution industries during the period observed in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-78
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• 1996

본 연구는 대리이론과 정보비대칭이론 그리고 패킹오더가설등을 기초로 재무정책의 결정요인과 상호의존관계를 규명하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 분석자료가 횡단면적 특성과 시계열적 특성을 동시에 갖고 있는 패널자료인 점을 감안하여 일반적인 OLS에 의한 회귀분석 대신에 동시적인 복합오차 모형과 일반화 최소자승법에 의한 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 자본조달정책 분석으로부터 배당비율과 내부자지분율이 재무레버리지에 각각 음(-) 및 양(+)의 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다.이외에도 경영위험, 수익성, 성장기회는 재무레버리지와 음(-)의 관계이며, 주식분산성과는 재무레버리지와 제한적으로 음(-)의 관계에 있었다. 그리고 기업규모와 경제적 부가가치는 재무레버리지와 양(+)의 영향을 주고 있음도 확인할 수 있었다. 배당정책 분석으로부터 재무레버리지는 대체로 그리고 내부자지분을은 제한적으로만 배당비율에 음(-)의 영향을 주고 있음을 확인하였다. 이외에도 경영위험과 수익성은 일관되게 배당비율과 양(+)의 관계를 갖고 있었다. 기업규모, 경제적 부가가치는 배당비율과 대체로 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 성장기회는 제한적으로만 배당비율과 음(-)의 관계를 유지하고 있었다. 소유권구조 분석으로부터 재무레버리지는 내부자지분율에 대체로 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 이외에도 기업규모, 경제적 부가가치 및 성장기회는 내부자지분율에 일관되게 음(-)의 관계를 갖고 있었다. 주식분산성과는 내부자지분율에 대체로 양(+)의 영향을 주고 있었다. 재무정책간의 상호의존성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 내부자지분율과 배당비율은 재무레버리지에 각각 양(+)과 음(-)의 상호영향을 주고 있었으며, 내부자지분율은 배당비율에 제한적으로만 음(-)의 영향을 미치고 있다는 미약한 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 배당비율이 내부자지분율에 영향을 미친다는 증거는 확인할 수 없었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.261-269
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• 2013

In this paper, the evoked potential(EP) was represented by additive delay model to comply with the variational noisy response of stimulus-event synchronization. The hybrid method of delay compensated-Wiener filtered-ensemble averaging(DWEA) was proposed to enhance the EP signal distortion occurred during averaging procedure due to synchronization timing mismatch. The performance of DWEA has been tested by surrogated simulation, which is composed of synthesized arbitrary delay and arbitrary level of added noise. The performance of DWEA is better than those of Wiener filtered-ensemble averaging and of conventional ensemble averaging. DWEA is endurable up to added noise gain of 7 for 10 % mean square error limit. Throughout the experimentation observation, it has been demonstrated that DWEA can be applied to enhance the evoked potential having the synchronization mismatch with added noise.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.spc
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• pp.1187-1208
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• 2011

This research aims to propose a systematic approach to identify emerging technology-product portfolio for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Firstly, operational definition of emerging technology for SMEs is presented. Secondly, research framework is suggested and case study to show usefulness of the newly proposed framwork is analyzed. In detail, reference patent set which represent company's capabilities and business area are constructed. The research constructs patent data set for bibliometric analysis using reference patent set and citing patents to 2nd level. Clustering (expert judgement) and keyword based bibliometric approach are used. Then, cluster activity index (AI) and relevance index (RI) comparing with reference patent set are estimated. With emerging technology-product portfolio using AI and RI, a firm can identify emerging technology-product area and monitoring area.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.578-587
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the mechanisms of decision regret and stress of family surrogates' end-of-life decision making using an exploratory path model. In particular, the research identified the direct effects of perceptions of uncertainty and effective decisions on decision regret and stress, and examined the indirect effects of being informed, having clear values, and being supported for decision regret and the stress of end-of-life decision making through the mediating variables of perceptions of uncertainty and effective decisions. Methods: Data were collected from 102 family surrogates who had participated in end-of-life decision making for patients with terminal cancer in a tertiary hospital. Results: Perception of effective decisions was a significant direct predictor of decision regret, and uncertainty was a significant predictor of stress among the participants. Being informed, having clear values, and being supported had a significant indirect influence on decision regret through the perception of effective decisions among family surrogates. However, only having clear values had a significant indirect influence on stress through the perception of uncertainty. The model explained 63.0% of decision regret and 20.0% of stress among the participants and showed a good fit with the data, ${\chi}^2=12.40$ (df=8, p=.134), TLI=.97, and RMSEA=.07. Conclusion: Nurses can support family surrogates in end-of-life decision-making processes to decrease their decision regret by providing information about end-of-life care choices, clarifying personal values, and supporting the decision-making process, and to relieve their stress by facilitating the clarification of personal values.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

Producer and distributor of electrical and electronic equipment may directly collect waste electrical and electronic equipment that falls under the class to which the equipment they distributed belongs, or may join KERC(Korea Electronic Recycling Cooperative) and have KERC fulfill the duty to collect on behalf. In this study, the system of calculating the financial contributions is reviewed, and then the defined problems and improvement plan are proposed. First, the standard operation and time should be set for collection and transportation costs, taking into account the operation by collection type. Second, since there is a difference in the screening method of the recycling center, the standard cost for the allocation factor should be set by reflecting the difference in these methods and the characteristics of the product line being processed. Third, it is necessary to secure a budget of sufficient size by determining the median or average value rather than the minimum value in the forecast model for visit collection. This study is suggesting in that it examines the problems of the allotted contributions paid by the mutual aid members to KERC and suggests ways to improve them.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.141-158
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to firstly estimate the inflation rate of North Korea using relative purchasing power parity. Most of the existing studies use North Korean rice prices as proxy to explain changes in North Korean prices. In this study, North Korea's price was estimated by applying purchasing power parity, which was used to estimate the price of socialist countries in the past, to North Korea. Second, it analyzes the impact of North Korea's price inflation after the institutional change of currency reform. We looked at the movements of North Korean prices after the institutional change of currency reform and compared it with the post-monetary reform of other socialist countries. We examine the impact of currency reform on North Korea, focusing on the price. As a result, after the currency reform in 2009, North Korea experienced hyperinflation. The North Korean inflation rate in the model was 3,010.0% in 2010, 195.0% in 2011, 68.0% in 2012 and 48.3% in 2013. After the currency reform of North Korea, the inflation rate is much higher than the socialist countries such as China and Vietnam who had experienced currency reform before. North Korea's monetary reforms are considered to have failed because of the side effects of hyperinflation.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-169
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• 2017

This paper empirically examines how capital structure inertia varies across industries and there is different in industries, and whether this fact is explained by product market competition using non-financial firms listed in KOSP market over periods of 1981 to 2015. In empirical test, I find that firms with more competition environment tend to have inertia behavior in making decision of capital structure. This implies that it is explained by debt discipline effect and it is substitution for product market competitions. Also I find that manager tends to take action actively making decision of capital structure when product market competition is low. Also I show that they use debt to constraint the free cash flow. As a result, I conclude that Korean non-financial firms do not have more strong inertia behavior in capital structure rather than U.S. firms. Second, using OLS estimation, inertia effect disappears while there is strong inertia effect in relationship between inertia and product market competition. This result suggests that transaction cost is not key factor in explaining inertia behavior of capital structure.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.762-772
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• 2021

This study examined the influence of viewing motivation of the Korean wave video content on viewing attitude, national image of Korea, and behavioral intention among users of the Chinese online video platform, 'bilibili.' Using an online questionnaire, a total of 355 copies were collected. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that the four items of viewing motivation (i.e., entertainment, information, relationships, and vicarious satisfaction) exerted a positive impact on the viewing attitude, while real-time discussion showed no significant impact on it. In addition, viewing attitude exerted a significant positive impact on the national image of Korea, which in turn showed positive influences on the behavioral intention (i.e., visit intention, WOM intention). This study contributed to expand the literature by discussing the Chinese major online content platform, Korean culture, and visit intention to Korea focusing on the Korea wave content. A series of theoretical and practical implications were discussed along with the directions for future research.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2020

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 5차 평가보고서에 의하면 최근 배출 온실가스의 양은 관측 이래 최고 수준이며 온실가스로 인한 기후변화는 인간계와 자연계에 광범위한 영향을 주고 있다고 보고하였다. 기후변화의 영향은 국제적으로 빙하 감소, 사막화, 해수면 상승 등 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있다. 이러한 기후변화에 대응하기 위해 온실가스 완화 정책과 동시에 새로운 기후변화 환경에 적응하는 것이 필요하다. 기후변화 적응이란 현재 나타나고 있거나 미래에 나타날 것으로 예상되는 기후변화의 파급효과와 영향에 대응할 수 있도록 하는 모든 행동이며 이를 위해서는 기후변화 영향분석이 수반되어야 한다. MOTIVE 연구단에서는 기후변화 적응대책 수립의 지원을 목표로 7개 부문(건강, 물관리, 농업, 산림, 생태, 해양, 수산)에서 "한국형 통합평가 모형"을 개발하고 있다. 각 부문에서 개발하는 프로세스 모델은 시스템에 대한 지식을 가진 상황에서 사용하면 신뢰할 수 있는 예측 결과를 얻을 수 있지만, 부문별 통합을 통한 영향 분석 시 타 분야에 대한 지식이 수반되어야 하는 어려움을 가진다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 시스템 내의 물리적 프로세스에 대한 요구 없이 입출력 데이터만을 이용하여 결과를 신속하게 추정하는 데이터 모델링(기계학습)을 이용하였다. 데이터 모델링을 위한 데이터는 다양한 자연 현상에 대한 BANPOL(수질 프로세스 모델) 분석을 통한 자료를 이용하여 학습 자료를 구축하였다. 즉, 데이터 모델링은 BANPOL 모델을 대리하는 메타모델이며, 낙동강 표준유역에 대한 유량 및 수질을 높은 상관성으로 추정하였다. 원 모델보다 정확도는 낮을 수 있으나 메타모델의 개발을 통한 웹 시스템을 개발하여 비전문가의 구동 및 신속한 기후 시나리오를 적용할 수 있는 환경을 개발하였다.