• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1831-1843
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• 2001

In this study, convective boiling tests were conducted for enhanced tube bundles. The surface geometry consists of pores and connecting gaps. Tubes with three different pore sizes (d$_{p}$ = 0.20, 0.23 and 0.27 mm) were tested using R-123 and R-l34a for the following range: 8 kg/m$^2$s G 26 kg/m$^2$s, 10 kW/m$^2$ q0 40 kW/m$^2$and 0.1 $\chi$ 0.9. The convective boiling heat transfer coefficients were strongly dependent on heat flux with negligible dependency on mass flux or quality. For the present enhanced geometry (pores and gaps), the convective effect was apparent. The gaps of the present tubes may have served routes for the passage of two-phase mixtures, and enhanced the boiling heat transfer. The convective effect was more pronounced at a higher saturation temperature. More bubbles will be generated at a higher saturation temperature, which will lead to enhanced convective contribution. The pore size where the maximum heat transfer coefficient was obtained was larger for R-l34a (d$_{p}$ = 0.27 mm) compared with that for R-123 (d$_{p}$ = 0.23 mm). This trend was consistent with the previous pool boiling results. For the enhanced tube bundles, the convective effect was more pronounced for R-134a than for R-123. This trend was reversed for the smooth tube bundle. Possible reasoning is provided based on the bubble behavior on the tube wall. Both the modified Chen and the asymptotic model predicted the present data reasonably well. The RMSEs were 14.3% for the modified Chen model and 12.7% for the asymptotic model.model.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.612-619
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• 2003

This work experimentally studies the fundamental mechanisms by which the ultrasonic vibration enhances convection and pool boiling heat transfer. A thin platinum wire is used as both a heat source and a temperature sensor. A high speed video imaging system is employed to observe the behavior of cavitation and thermal bubbles. It is found that when the liquid temperature is below its boiling point, cavitation takes place due to ultrasonic vibration while cavitation disappears when the liquid reaches the boiling point. Moreover, when the gas dissolved in liquid is removed by pre-degassing, the cavitation arises only locally. Depending on the liquid temperature, heat transfer rates in convection, subcooled boiling and saturated boiling regimes are examined. In convection heat transfer regime, fully agitated cavitation is the most efficient heat transfer enhancement mechanism. Subcooled boiling is most enhanced when tile local cavitation is induced after degassing. In saturated boiling regime, acoustic pressure is shown to be a dominant heat transfer enhancement mechanism.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2003

An experimental study was carried out to measure the heat transfer coefficient in flow boiling to mixtures of HFC-l34a and HCFC-123 in a uniformly heated horizontal tube. Tests were run at a pressure of 0.6 MPa and in the ranges of heat flux 1-50 kw/$m^2$, vapor quality 0-100 % and mass velocity 150-600 kg/$m^2$s. Heat transfer coefficients of mixture were less than the interpolated values between pure fluids both in the low quality region where the nucleate boiling is dominant and in the high quality region where the convective evaporation is dominant. Measured data of heat transfer are compared to a few available correlations proposed for mixtures. The correlation of Jung et. al. satisfactorily predicted the present data, but the data in lower quality was overpredicted and underpredicted the high quality data. The correlation of Kandlikar considerably underpredicted most of the data. and showed the mean deviation of 35.1%.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.574-579
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• 2008

수평관내 $CO_2$의 증발 열전달 계수를 실험적으로 조사하였다. 냉매 순환루프의 주요 구성품은 수액기, 변속냉매 펌프, 질량 유량계, 예열기, 증발기(시험부)로 구성된다. 시험부는 내경 4.57 mm의 수평 평활 스텐레스관이다. 실험은 질량유속 $400{\sim}900kg/m^2s$, 포화온도 $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$, 열유속 $10{\sim}40kW/m^2$인 조건에서 수행하였다. 실험결과로부터 $CO_2$의 열전달은 대류비등보다는 핵비등에 더 많은 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었고, $CO_2$의 질량유속은 핵비등에 많은 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 실험결과와 종래의 상관식을 비교해 본 결과, 기존의 상관식은 실험데이터를 과소예측하였지만, 정 등의 상관식은 좋은 일치를 보였다. 따라서, 수평관내 $CO_2$의 증발 열전달 계수를 예측할 수 있는 정확한 상관식의 개발이 필요하리라 판단된다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.225-233
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• 1995

Experiments were performed to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of nonazeotropic mixture R-22+R-114 in a heat pump system. The ranges of parameter, such as heat flux, mass flow rate, and quality were $8,141{\sim}32,564W/m^2$, 24~58kg/h, and 0~1, respectively. The overall compositions of the mixtures were 50 and 100 per-cent of R-22 by weight for R-22+R-114 mixture. The results indicated that there were distinct different heat transfer phenomena between the pure substance and the mixture. In case of pure refrigerant the heat transfer rates for cooling were strongly dependent upon quality of the refrigerant. Overall evaporating heat transfer coefficients for the mixture were somewhat lower than pure R-22 values in the forced convective boiling region. For a given flow rate, the heat transfer coefficient at the circumferential tube wall(top, side, and bottom of the test tube) for R-22/R-114(50/50wt%)mixture, however, was higher than for pure R-22 at side and bottom of the tube. Furthermore, a prediction for the evaporating heat transfer coefficient of the mixtures was developed based on the method of Yoshida et.al.'s. The resulting correlation yielded a good agreement with the data for the refrigerant mixtures.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2011

Characteristics of two-phase pressure drop in microchannels were investigated experimentally. The microchannels consisted of 9 parallel trapezoidal channels with each channel having $205\;{\mu}m$ of bottom width, $800\;{\mu}m$ of depth, $3.6^{\circ}$ of sidewall angle, and 7 cm of length. Pressure drops in convective boiling of Refrigerant 113 were measured in the range of inlet pressure 105~195 kPa, mass velocity $150{\sim}920\;kg/m^2s$, and heat flux $10{\sim}100\;kW/m^2$. The total pressure drop generally increased with increasing mass velocity and/or heat flux. Two-phase frictional pressure drop across the microchannels increased rapidly with exit quality and showed bigger gradient at higher mass velocity. A critical review of correlations in the literature suggested that existing correlations were not able to match the experimental results obtained for two-phase pressure drop associated with convective boiling in microchannels. A new correlation suitable for predicting two-phase friction multiplier was developed based on the separated flow model and showed good agreement with the experimental data.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3006-3013
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• 2015

원관 열교환기보다 납작관 열교환기를 사용하면 전열성능을 한층 향상시킬 수 있다. 납작관 열교환기를 적절히 설계하기 위해서는 관 내측 열전달계수를 알아야 한다. 본 실험에서는 수력직경 1.41mm인 알루미늄 납작관 내 R-410A 대류 비등 열전달계수를 구하였다. 실험범위는 질량유속 $200{\sim}600kg/m^2s$, 열유속 $5{\sim}15kg/m^2$, 포화온도 $5{\sim}15^{\circ}C$이다. 실험 결과 열전달계수는 임계 건도를 기점으로 감소함을 보였다. 임계 건도는 열유속이 증가할수록 감소하고, 질량유속이 감소할수록 감소하였다. 이는 높은 열유속 또는 낮은 질량유속에서 대류의 영향이 작게 되고 따라서 조기에 dryout이 발생되기 때문에 나타나는 현상으로 판단된다. 열전달계수는 질량유속이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 그러나 낮은 건도에서는 질량유속의 영향은 미미하였다. 열전달계수는 포화온도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 하지만 이런 경향은 열유속이 작아지면 감소하였다. Shah와 Kaew-On et al. 상관식은 본 실험자료를 적절히 예측하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2013

출구유로 단면적이 수직 환상공간 내부의 풀비등 열전달에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 세 가지 서로 다른 유동제한장치를 실험적으로 연구하였다. 가열 튜브는 매끈한 표면을 가지는 스테인리스강이며 대기압 상태 하에 있는 물을 사용하였다. 환상공간의 하부유로 조건은 개방과 폐쇄된 경우 두 가지를 모두 고려하였으며 유동제한장치를 설치한 환상공간에 대한 결과를 유동제한장치가 없는 환상공간에 대한 결과와 서로 비교하였다. 출구유로 단면적을 축소하는 것은 열전달의 감소를 초래하지만, 출구 유로가 아주 작은 경우 열전달계수가 증가하는 경우도 관찰되었다. 이러한 경향은 기포군집의 형성과 이동에 따른 액체교란의 차이로서 설명되며, 유동대류, 맥동류 발생, 기포 군집 하부의 미세층증발이 중요한 열전달 기구인 것으로 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.719-726
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• 2017

튜브 피치와 주변 튜브의 열유속이 수평으로 설치된 튜브 배열의 풀비등 열전달에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 실험을 위하여 외경이 19 mm인 두 개의 스테인리스강 튜브와 대기압 상태인 물을 사용하였다. 튜브간 피치는 18.5~95 mm이며, 주변 튜브의 열유속은 $0{\sim}90kW/m^2$이다. 열전달 향상은 주변 튜브의 열유속이 크고 시편의 열유속이 $40kW/m^2$보다 낮은 경우에 분명하게 관찰되었다. 피치가 튜브 지름의 4배 보다 크면 피치 변화가 열전달에 미치는 영향은 무시할 수 있을 정도이다. 순환유동, 대류유동, 액체교란은 열전달을 향상시키며 유동간섭과 기포군집은 열전달을 둔화시킨다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.502-510
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• 2000

Evaporation heat transfer characteristics were studied in a horizontal tube using R22/R114 non-azotropic refrigerant mixture. the heat transfer coefficient was high in the upper part for pure refrigerants, and heat transfer coefficient was low in the lower part for refrigerant mixtures. In the low quality region where nucleate boiling was dominant, the average heat transfer coefficient was low. In the region where forced convection was dominant, heat transfer coefficient was high. Results show that the heat transfer coefficient for pure refrigerants obtained by experiments were lower than those of Yoshida et al. but agreed well with Jung et al., and Chen et al. data. But the heat transfer coefficients for refrigerant mixtures were lower about 20% than those predicted by the equation for pure refrigerant.