• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.546-550
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• 1997

This study was carried out to elucidate the biological characteristics of Rhizobia in biological nitrogen fixation system. The results of investigation were as follows; Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of root lectin in the presence of SDS was ascertained electrophoretically and chromatographically. The purified root lectin formed immunoprecipitin line with anti lectin rabbit IgG. Root lectin, seed lectin and root exudate were tested for chemotactic ability. Chemotactic responses of RCR3407 and KCTC2422 toward root exudate were stronger than those of seed lectin and root lectin, but there didn't occur chemotactic responses of LPN100, not bound with seed lectin and that of LPN101, bound with seed lectin toward root exudate, root lectin and seed lectin. RCR3407, KCTC2422 and LPN-101, which nodulated with soybean, interacted with soybean lectin, but not with pea lectin. LPN-100, which was not nodulated with soybean, didn't interact with soybean lectin.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2002

The inductions of phase II enzymes, such as NAD(P)H : quinone reductase (QR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH) level and the inhibition of polyamine metabolism were tested for the chemopreventive potentials of the extracts from the soybean fermented with Agrocybe cylindracea (AC) or Phellinus igniarius (PI). The soybean fermented with AC or PI was potent inducer of QR activity in murine hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells. GST activities of the extracts from soybean fermented with AC or PI were higher than that of the extract from soybean not fermented with basidiomycetes. In addition, GSH levels of the extracts from soybean fermented with AC or PI were increased about 1.2 fold or 1.4 fold, respectively. In addition, proliferation of Acanthamoeba castellanii in a broth medium was inhibited by the extracts from soybean fermented with AC or PI at the both concentration of 20 and 40 mg/3 ml. These results suggest that soybean fermented with AC or PI may have chemopreventive potentials by inducing QR activity, increasing GSH and GST levels and inhibiting polyamine metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1427-1433
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• 2006

The antioxidant activity, nitrite scavenging effect, and angiotensine I-converting enzyme inhibiting activity of solvent extracts of soybean isoflavone were investigated. Also anticarcinogenic activities of them were examined by MTT assay using human cancer cell line. Isoflavone aglycones showed relatively high antioxidant activity in order of glycitein, genistein, and daidzein. Methanol extract of soybean actively scavenged free radicals and was shown excellent nitrite scavenging effect. Glycitein and methanol extract of soybean inhibited the growth of human cancer cell such as stomach carcinoma (SNU-1) and colon carcinoma (SNU-C4) effectively. Genistein, daidzein and methanol extracts of soybean inhibited the growth of cancer cell such as stomach carcinoma (SNU-1), but had weak activities to colon carcinoma (SNU-C4). To applicate the soybean isoflavone as an enhancer for food quality and processibility, the stabilities on heat and pH of isolated isoflavone, isoflavone in soybean flour and isoflavone concentrate of soybean were investigated. Stability of isoflavone concentrate of soybean was decreased in pH extreme (below 3, above 8) during sterilization, but isoflavone in soybean flour showed higher stability in all pH range. All kinds of isoflavone tested in this study were very stable during the heat treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food and Cookery Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2003

대두유, 올리브유 및 채종유에 대한 정향추출물(clove extract)의 항산화 효과를 알아보고자 대두유, 올리브유 및 채종유에 정향추출물을 0.02%의 농도로 첨가한 후 180$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$에서 48시간동안 가열산화 시키면서 산가(acid value) 및 공액이중산가(conjugated diene value)를 측정하였다. 대두유, 올리브유, 채종유의 초기 산가는 0.13, 0.75, 0.11이었으며, 가열산화 후 0.52, 1.31, 0.51로 증가하였다. 또한 대두유, 을리브유, 채종유의 초기 공액이증산가는 0.57, 0.43, 0.35에서 가열산화 후 1.93, 1.04, 1.08으로 대두유보다 채종유나 올리브유의 산화안정성이 높았다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2010

Soybean is of particular interest as a food supplement of isoflavones for inhibiting bone resorption in postmenopausal woman. These beneficial effects of isoflavones are caused by functioning as partial agonists or antagonists of estrogen, of which anti-resorptive effect is mediated indirectly through paracrine factors produced by osteoblasts that act on osteoclasts. In this study, the indirect effect of soybean on osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells were investigated. The conditioned medium was collected from MC3T3-E1 osbeoblasts treated with 0.001 mg/mL~0.1 mg/mL soybean extracts for 6 days, mixed in 1:1 ratio with osteoclast medium, and then added into RAW264.7 cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), a differentiation inducer for 3 days. Of paracrine factors in the conditioned medium, the protein expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) with soybean extract was specifically higher in a dose dependent manner than with $10^{-9}$ M~$10^{-6}$ M of estrogen, genistein or daidzein standards. In RAW264.7 cells, the conditioned medium with soybean inhibited RANKL induced osteoclastic differentiation as total number of multinucleated tartrateresistant alkaline phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts and protein expression of MMP-9 were significantly decreased. Coupled with the low expression of estrogen receptor $\alpha$ and $\beta$ proteins in RANKL treated RAW264.7 cells, we demonstrate that the conditioned medium of soybean treated osteoblasts inhibits RANKL induced differentiation of osteoclasts with the selective expression of OPG in osteoblasts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2004

The extracts 70% acetone from chestnut inner shell, pine needle and hop flower were added to soybean oil, lard, soybean oil-water emulsion and lard-water emulsion in order to test the antioxidant activity compared with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, respectively. Induction period was determined by Rancimat and the antioxidant activities were recorded in the order of pine needle>chestnut inner shell>hop>tocopherol in the soybean oil, and in the order of tocopherol>chestnut inner shell>pine needle>hop in the lard treatment. These three extracts showed similar high antioxidant activity by peroxide value test in soybean oil, soybean oil-water emulsion, lard and lard water emulsion, respectively. The chestnut inner shell extract would be the highest antioxidant agent among the extracts tested in this study. Ellagic acid of chestnut inner shell and flavanol of pine needle would increase the antioxidant activity according to analysis result of polyphenol compound, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2023

Persimmon peels are mostly discared as a by-product of dried persimmon manufacturing, but effective use is required as it contains various functional constituents. This study covers the preparation of carotenoid-enriched oil by ultrasound treatment of persimmon peel in soybean oil solvent, and the investigation of its physicochemical characteristics. Using the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology, the optimal extraction conditions (temperature, 62℃; time, 32 min; and persimmon peel to oil ratio, 1:3.1) were determined based on the carotenoid concentration of the extract. The physicochemical characteristics of the extract obtained under optimal conditions and the untreated soybean oil (control) were compared. The total carotenoid content of the extract increased. The carotenoid-enriched soybean oils had a lighter color than the controls, but with high redness and yellowness values. The effect of sonication and a component of the persimmon peel on the oxidation and heating stability of soybean oil was weak. The viscosity and activation energy of carotenoid-enriched soybean oil were slightly higher than those of the control. Thus, it was possible to prepare yellow-red carotenoid-enriched soybean oil by applying ultrasonic-soybean oil solvent extraction to persimmon peel. The oil is expected to be useful as an additive as well as a substitute for general edible oils.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2004

The deficiency of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine(ACh) is responsible for the initiation of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, there is a simple evidence that oxidative stress significantly increases in persons with Parkinson's disease compared to age-matched healthy persons. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the neurodegeneration inhibitory effect of soybean(Glycine Max) and Yak-Kong(Rhynchosia Nolubilis) by measuring the degree of inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) catabolizing the ACh and the free radical scavenger effect in vitro. AChE was measured by the minor modified Ellman assay. Free radical scavenging activity was measured using l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). First, the MeOH extracts of Soybean and Yak-Kong showed the AChE inhibiting activity of 62.0$\pm$2.43％ and 65.0$\pm$3.29％ at the 5 mg/$m\ell$ concentration. The 50％ inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$/) of AChE was 1.96 and 1.31 mg/$m\ell$ in the MeOH extracts of soybean and Yak-Kong. Second, the MeOH extracts of soybean and Yak-Kong showed the free radical scavenger activity of 23.1$\pm$4.26％ and 80.7$\pm$4.61％ at the 5 mg/$m\ell$. IC50 of free radical scavenger activity in Soybean and Yak-Kong was 13.00 and 1.41 mg/$m\ell$ in MeOH extracts and was 5.95 and 2.74 mg/$m\ell$ in hot-water extracts, respectively. In this study, the extracts of Soybean and Yak-Kong showed powerful effects in the AChE inhibition and free radical scavenging. The extracts of Soybean and Yak-Kong were expected to prevent the many neurodegenerative diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.103-113
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• 2009

This present study was carried out to investigate the biological effects of soybean extracts comparing organic and conventional cultivation. Cellular and molecular analysis was performed to determine anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects of both soybean extracts. First, we obtained various solvent extracts of soybeans such as water, ethanol, and methanol. Molecular and cellular analysis were performed with 0.1 mg/ml concentration of each solvent extracts. The results of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of organic cultivated soybean extracts were prominent than conventional cultivated soybean extracts. However, discrepancy between organic and conventional cultivated soybean extracts was not observed in anti-allergic effects determined by releasing histamine from rat mast cell line, RBL-2H3. Conclusively, organic cultivated soybeans have stronger effects than conventional cultivated soybeans in suppression of inflammation. In addition, organic soybeans could be applied as a functional food ingredient for treatment of chronic inflammation, asthma, and atopic dermatitis with enhanced anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1063-1067
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• 2004

To elucidate the effect of protein films containing an antioxidant on lipid oxidation of fish paste products during storage, zein and soy protein isolate (SPI) films containing green tea extract were prepared and their physical properties were examined. Tensile strength and elongation of the protein films decreased by the addition of green tea extract compared to the control. Due to the addition of green tea extract, SPI film had an increase in yellowness, but zein film had a decreased yellowness. Wrapping of fried fish paste products by the zein and SPI films containing the antioxidant retarded lipid oxidation at 2 day storage by 3.6 mg MDA/kg sample and 3.6 mg MDA/kg sample, respectively, for instant fish paste compared to the control. For processed fish paste, they decreased the degree of lipid oxidation by 1.6 mg MDA/kg sample and 0.6 mg MDA/kg sample, respectively.