• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.539-555
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• 2009

The potential of encapsulated inuloprebiotics from domestic Jerusalem artichokes (Helianthustuberosus) as natural antibacterial growth promotor for an antibiotic replacement in broiler chickens was presently assessed through assays of growth performance, serum immunoglobulin production and influence on caecal microflora. Two hundred-forty, 1-day-old, male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to four treatments (T1-T4), with three replicate pens per treatment and 20 chicks per pen. Broiler chicks were fed a basal diet (T1: control) or basal diet plus antibiotics (T2: Chlorotetracycline, 0.10%), 300 ppm of the inuloprebiotics (T3), or 450 ppm of the inuloprebiotics (T4) for 35 days. Body weight, dressing percentage or weight of breast and thigh muscles relative to carcass weight of T3 and T4 broiler chickens was significantly (P<0.05) higher than T1 and T2 broiler chickens. The weight of abdominal fat from T3 and T4 broiler chickens were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of T1 and T2 chickens. Serum immunoglobulins in the T3 and T4 groups were significantly (P<0.05) elevated compared to the T1 and T2 groups. The weight of immune organs, thymus and Bursa of Fabricius relative to live body weight in the T3 and T4 groups were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the T1 and T2 groups. Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, which are beneficial bacteria, were present in greater numbers in the caecum of T3 and T4 birds than T1 and T2 groups, whereas potentially harmful Escherichiacoli and Salmonella were present in lower numbers, with differences being significant (P<0.05). These results suggest that a diet supplemented with 300 ppm of inuloprebiotics has potential as an antibiotic replacement for organic livestock feed supplement intended to improve production of broiler chicken.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.203-218
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• 1975

In order to investigate the compositional change oil composts during the growing of cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), composts and mushrooms during the period of filling to ending under commercial conditions were subjected to chemical analyses. The results are summarized as follows and the mechanism of composting for mushroom cultivation was proposed. 1) The temperature change of growing bed and room was observed and the yield of mushroom for each cropping time was recorded to get $15.6kg/m^2$ in total crops. 2) Composts after filling showed pH 8.2 which dropped to 6.4 after casing and continued so up to ending. 3) On the dry weight basis of composts, crude ash increased whereas total nitrogen, ether extract and crude fibre decreased gradually to bring about the lowering of organic matter. 4) Total nitrogen of composts decreased gradually and more insoluble nitrogen was lost than soluble nitrogen. The C/N ratio of composts was initially 21 which was gradually lowered to 16. 5) The losses of ${\alpha}-cellulose$, pentosan and lignin in composts were 87%, 75%, and 60%, respectively, in which ${\alpha}-cellulose$ decreased markedly after casing. 6) Free reducing sugars of composts increased continuously. Gradually increased free amino acids till second cropping decreased again thereafter. Composts at the filling stage contained alanine, glutamic acid, glycine and serine in which glycine decreased markedly whereas proline increased remarkably upon mushroom cultivation. 7) Among minerals of composts, phosphorus and zinc tended to decrease, potassium and copper tended to increase anti sodium showed no marked change. 8) In comparison of mushrooms from different cropping time with respect to proximate composition, minerals, free reducing sugars and amino acids, no marked difference was observed. However, a little higher values were observed in crude fat, free reducing sugars and sodium content for early crops and in free amino acids and phosphorus content for late crops. Twelve free amino acids including alanine, serine, threonine, and glutamic acid were detected in the cultivated mushroom. 9) According to above experimental results, it was possible to support the mechanism of compositing that the formation of ammonia and decomposition of carbohydrates by mesophiles are followed by protein biosynthesis, formation of microbial bodies and nitrogen-rich lignin humus complex by thermophiles, thus supplying necessary nutrients for mushroom growth, along with residual carbohydrates.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2002

Background: Blood-foreign interaction cause activation of coagulation and inflammatory process that may lead to multiorgan dysfunction and determine the surgical outcomes. Of the methods for assessing the biocompatibility, the platelet adhesion study is considered as the most valuable evaluation step in blood-foreign interaction. As the most studies have used in-vitro or ex-vivo conditions, we have developed a technique of quantification for platelet adhesion on the blood contact surface by using in-vivo injection of radioactive platelets. Material and Method: A coupled bypass circuit was designed to connect the proximal and descending thoracic aorta in 6 piglets(20∼25 Kg). One side of the circuit tube was consisted of a heparin coated PVC tube(10mm in ID, n=6, Experimental group), and the other, a non-heparin coated PVC tube(10mm in ID, n=6, Control group). After cannulation, the blood was circulated through the circuit for 2 hours. Platelet concentrate was prepared from homologous pig blood 24 hours before the experiment. The platelet concentrate was incubated with Tc-99m-HMPAO for 30 min and then centrifuged for 10 min. The supernatant was discarded and the radio-labeling efficacy was measured. The radio-labeled platelet concentrate was mixed with the autologous plasma to make the volume 5 ml, and the mixture was injected intravenously into the experimental animal. After 2 hour circulation, 5 pieces of the specimen(10mm in length each) were obtained from each PVC tube. The radioisotopes were counted with a gamma counter(Cobra ll, Packard, USA), and the ratio of radioisotope count was compared between the control and experimental group. Result: The radioisotope count number was 537.3221.1 Ci/min in the control group and 311.1 184.5 Ci/min in the experimental group(p=0.0104). The ratio between the groups was 1 to 0.58 (p=0.004). Conclusion: In vivo quantification using technetium-99m-HMPAO labeled platelets is simple and reproducible in evaluating platelet adhesion on a foreign surface. We suggest this technique to be a useful tool for blood compatibility test.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.313-317
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Citrus is usually propagated by grafting onto a rootstock. In Korea, As trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) has dwarf and strong cold hardness, it is widely used as the rootstock of satsuma mandarin. Because 'Shiranuhi' ((Citrus unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis) ${\times}$ C. reticulata), a kind of citrus, also, generally is grafted onto a trifoliate orange, most of farmer has been recognized that 'Shiranuhi' root is naturally trifoliate orange. Meanwhile, reduction of flowering in 'Shiranuhi' orchard has been issued among the farmers and researchers over past few years and they guessed it was occurred by severe prune, oversupply of fertilization, overfruiting and temperature of growth period. However, a few researchers strongly assumed that it would be caused by scion rooting of 'Shiranuhi'. So, this study was carried out to identify the existence of scion rooting in 'Shiranuhi' tree in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: To identify the existence of scion rooting in 'Shiranuhi' tree, we randomly selected six 'Shiranuhi'orchards and we surveyed three to four trees, which flowering was not enough, from six 'Shiranuhi' orchards respectively. We took the root samples of 'Shiranuhi' mandarin, and then separated the two group which were non-scion rooting (Trifoliate orange), and scion rooting ('Shiranuhi' mandarin). To identity the scion rooting, we used primer set of three types which were a F2/R15, F4/R15 and F5/R15 primer set. As a result, when we conducted the DNA analysis, fourteen tree in less bloomed twenty tree was proved as tree with the scion rooting of 'Shiranuhi' mandarin. CONCLUSION(S): Scion roots of 'Shiranuhi'mandarin were usually observed in a deeply planted tree, and xylem of 'Shiranuhi' root indicated more white color than a case of trifoliata orange. 'Shiranuhi' tree by scion rooting was more vigorous but less flowering than trees grafted onto trifoliata orange. When we used F2/R15, F4/R15 and F5/R15 primer set for discriminance of 'Shiranuhi'mandarin root and trifoliate root, we identified the existence of scion rooting in 'Shiranuhi', From our results, it is suggested that the influence of scion root should be reviewed in 'Shiranuhi'orchards.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.804-810
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• 2016

This study aimed to compare the quality characteristics of developed rice Jochung (E) with those of commercial-rice Jochung (A, B, C, and D). The total soluble solid, reducing sugar, and dextrose equivalent of developed rice Jochung were $80^{\circ}Brix$, 44.53%, and 56.94%, respectively. The pH and titrable acidity were 6.25 and 0.19%, respectively. The color difference value (${\Delta}E$) of developed rice Jochung was 74.42, which was significantly lower than the other samples investigated. The light transmittance and total polyphenol contents of developed rice Jochung were 56.4%T and 108.23 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The adhesiveness values of various commercial-rice Jochung products were 29.0~66.0 sec, while that of developed-rice Jochung was 61 sec, showing good textural properties for use in manufacturing Hangwa, a Korean traditional cookie. The electron-donating values of various rice Jochung were 20.4~50.3%, among which the developed-rice Jochung showed the highest value. The reducing powers of various rice Jochung products were 0.44~0.72, while that of the developed product was 0.72, which was significantly higher than the other values. Sensory evaluation revealed that the color scores of developed- and commercial-rice Jochung products were 6.70~6.80. Flavor scores of rice Jochung products ranged from 6.00 to 7.00. Taste and mouth feeling scores of developed-rice Jochung did not significantly differ from those of commercial Jochung products. Compared to commercial-rice Jochung products, developed-rice Jochung made with malt extract exhibited high polyphenols content. However, there were no significant differences in the overall acceptability scores between commercial-rice Jochung products and the developed product. The developed-rice Jochung analyzed in this study may be useful as a traditional sweetener for various Hangwa products as a substitute for corn syrup or Jochung.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.254-265
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• 2017

For the production of ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) contents increased Seomaeyaksuk fermentant, 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% of monosodium galutamate (MSG) was added in Seomaeyaksuk water extract 15% contained Sikhye and inoculated with Lactobacillus brevis (KI271266). Physicochemical properties were sampling and analyzed at each 1 day during 3 days fermentation. Goes on fermentation periods, the turbidity was gradually reduced, but lightness and the yellowness was increased, redness was decreased. Soluble solid was also decreased. The reducing sugars content were also decreased during fermentation. pH was 4.65-4.83 before fermentation but it was lower 3.15-3.68 after three days fermentation. The GABA contents increased by fermentation periods and it was the highest in MSG 1.0% added sample (354.38 mg/L). Fructose, glucose and sucrose contents were 50-67% decreased at three days fermentation than before fermentation. Among the organic acids, propionic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid and fumaric acid contents were decreased and lactic acid, acetic acid and succinic acid were increased during fermentation periods. Contents of total polyphenol and DPPH radical scavenging activity were the highest in MSG 0.5% added sample. From these results, we confirmed that increasing of GABA content when the manufacturing of Seomaeyaksuk lactic acid fermentation product, is possibile by addition of MSG without affecting physicochemical characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1979

One species of Rhodophyceae namely Eucheuma cottonii from the coast of Philippine was analyzed with respect to the content of carrageenan and such chemical characteristics as the content of sulphate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose and its solubility in potassium chloride solution. In addition, the same chemical properties were tested in the fractions separated by the different concentrations of potassium chloride. In comparison of the results of carrageenan in Eucheuma cottonii samples from Philippine and Chondrus ocellatus samples from Korea, carrageenan content in Eucheuma cottonii was higher than that of Chondrus ocellatus. Both samples showed more than forty-five percent carrageenan content. The Eucheuma cottonii carrageenan showed a higher 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose than the Chondrus ocellatus carrageenan. The sulphate content was higher in Chondrus ocellatus than Eucheuma cottonii. In fractionation of carrageenan by the solubility methods using potassium chloride solution, the yield of Eucheuma cottonii was highest in fraction I, fraction III was next and fraction II was the lowest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.343-349
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• 2011

The chemical composition and antioxidative activity of kiwifruit varieties in Jeju, such as Jecy Gold (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Jecy Gold'), Halla Gold (A. chinensis var. 'Halla Gold'), Jecy Sweet (A. deliciosa var. 'Jecy Sweet') and Hwabuk 94 (A. deliciosa var. 'Hwabuk 94') were investigated. The crude protein, crude lipid, and pH showed no differences among variety and maturity whereas the moisture contents showed differences among the variety and maturity. Jecy Sweet in mature stage showed the highest values in soluble solid, crude protein, crude lipid, and crude ash. The changes in chemical components of kiwifruit by maturity stage were as follows: during ripening, the glucose and the fructose contents increased considerably with the decrease of sucrose content. Potassium, phosphorus, sodium, and magnesium were estimated as the major minerals in kiwifruit and Jecy Sweet contained the highest amounts of potassium and magnesium. At maturity stage, ascorbic, malic and lactic acid were increased with the decrease of citric acid content. The polyphenol contents were 26.81~56.10 ${\mu}g/g$ and 8.64~26.45 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively, in immature and mature fruits. During ripening, the polyphenol content was decreased. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts were 84.47~89.37% and 43.94~76.96% at 500 ppm, respectively, in immature and mature fruits. The immature varieties of kiwifruit have a high DPPH radical scavenging activity. Therefore the chemical composition and physiological activity of kiwifruit was affected by variety and maturity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.973-979
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• 2005

To investigate the effect of Pinus densiflora on biochemical parameters in type I diabetic rats, we evaluated the changes of body weight, fasting blood glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and biochemical parameters after the intraperitoneal injection of distilled solution of Pinus densiflora in streptozotocin (STZ)­induced rats. Thirty-seven male Sprague Dawley rats $(180\pm10g)$ were divided into four groups; diabetic mellitus (DM) group received STZ (50 mg/kg BW, i.v.); low level of pine extract (LP) group received Pinus densiflora (5 mg/kg BW, i.p.), high level of pine extract (HP) group received Pinus densiflora (10 mg/kg BW, i.p.) after the single injection of STZ (50 mg/kg BW, i.v.), respectively. Normal control (NC) group received saline. The change of fasting blood glucose level and OGTT were measured using glucocard II, and the change of biochemical parameter were measured by Automatic Chemistry Analyzer (Hitach-747, Japan). Mean body weight change of DM group was retarded greatly by STZ-exposure. While, body weights of LP and HP groups were progressively increased with some fluctuation, although the increase rates were slower than that of NC group. Fasting blood glucose levels of LP and HP groups were reduced by Pinus densiflora injection, although the fasting blood glucose levels were higher than that of NC group. The results of OGTT was significantly improved in both of LP and HP group compared to DM group. Increases of blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels by STZ-exposure were attenuated by the Pinus densiflora treatment (p<0.05). From the results, it was suggested that Pinus densiflora has a tendency to decrease STZ-induced toxicity in terms of monitoring fasting blood glucose, OGTT and some biochemical parameters of rat.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.91-116
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of Changemaker education and to investigate the significance of Changemaker education in home economics education through a study of growth of learners applying the TEMPS program. To this end, first, the concept of Changemaker education was defined. Changemaker education is an education that changes society in a positive direction through a process of thinking about, learning about, making, and participating(playing) in various problems that we face in real life and drawing out solutions and share he solutions with others. Second, in this reasearch, the direction of Changemaker education is to make them interested in social problems and solve it and to make both the family and the career life happy and healthy by collaborating with other people. The scope of the contents is defined as "the selection of the content elements of the five domains of the child family, diet nutrition, clothing, housing and consumer life". As a way of teaching, we suggested that the TEMPS phase is followed so that the session purpose is achieved. Third, the Changemaker program consists of five steps of TEMPS among the five key ideas of Changemaker education. T(Thinking) is the step of understanding the problem and thinking about how to solve it, and E(Education) is getting the background for the next step. M(Making) is a step to create a target for problem solving, and P(Participation) and P(Play) are steps to Participation and enjoy. S(Share) is a step of changing the society through the result display, SNS sharing, and class presentation. In this study, 12 programs for middle school and 15 programs for high school were developed on the basis of TEMPS level. Each of the programs consists of 2 to 12 unit hours, which add up to 68 hours in the middle school program and 68 in high school. The learners who participated in the Changemaker program for one year (March 2, 2018~December 31, 2018) will experience improvement in many aspects including the linkage of life and education, practical ability, self-directed learning, self-esteem, sense of achievement and self-reflection, sensory observation, and so on.