• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.290-300
• /
• 2000

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EBT(Electron Beam Tomography) in the diagnosis of conotruncal anomaly and to determine whether it can be used as a substitute for cardiac angiography. Material and Method: 20 patients(11M & 9F) with TOF(n=7, pulmonary atresia 2), DORV(n=7), complete TGV(n=4), & corrected TGV(n=2) were included. The age ranged from 7 days to 26 years(median 60 days). We analyzed the sequential chamber localization, the main surgical concenrn in each disease category (PA size, LVED volume and coronary artery pattern for TOF & pulmonary atresia, the LV mass, LVOT obstruction, coronary artery pattern for complete TGV, and type of VSD and TV-PV distance for DORV, etc) and other associated anomalies(e.g., VSD, arch anomalies, tracheal stenosis, etc). Those were compared with the results of echocardiography(n=19), angiography (n=9), and surgery(n=11). The interval between EBT and echocardiography/angiography was within 20/11 days, respectively except for an angiography in a patient with corrected TGV (48 days). Result: EBT correctly diagnosed the basic components of conotruncal anomalies in all subjects, compared to echocardiography, angiography or surgery. These included the presence, type and size of VSD(n=20), pulmonic/LV outflow tract stenosis(n=15/2), relation of great arteries and the pattern of the proximal epicardial coronary arteries(16 out of 20). EBT proved to be accurate in quantitation of the intrapericardial and hilar pulmonary arterial dimension and showed high correlation and no difference compared with echocardiography, angiography, or surgery(p>0.05) except for left pulmonary arterial & ascending arterial dimension by echocardiography. LVED volume in seven TOF(no difference: p>0.05 & high correlation: r=0.996 with echocardiography), and LV mass in 4 complete TGV were obtained. Additionally, EBT enabled the cdiagnosis of subjlottic tracheal stenosis and tracheal bronchus in 1 respectively. Some peripheral PA stenosis were not detected by echocardiography, while echocardiography appeared to be slightly more accurate than EBT in detecing ASD or PDA. Conclusion: EBT can be a non-invasive and accurate modality of for the evaluation of most anatomical alteration including peripheral PS or interruption in patients with conotruncal anomalies. Combined with echocardiography, EBT study provides sufficient information for the palliative or total repair of anomalies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 1997

We reviewed 40 cases of primary mediastinal tumors which were operated on at Seoul Paik Hospital from September, 1987 to December, 1995. Of these, 18 were male and 22 were female. The patient ranged in age from 4 years to 68 years with a mean age of 34.1 years. The most common symptoms included chest pain(12.5%), cough(12.5%), dyspnea(7.5%). and palpable neck mass(7.5%), and symptoms were absent at the time of diagnosis in 37.5% of cases. Chest roentgenography and computed tomography(CT) were performed in all patients, and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in 5 patients, and transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) performed In 22 patients. The sensitivity of TTNA was 72.7%(16 of 22 patients). The lesion was located 60% in the anterosuperior mediastinum, 35% in the posterior mediastinum, and 5% in the middle mediastinum. The primary tumors included thymic neoplasms(11 cases), germ cell tumors(7 cases), neurogenic tumors(10 cases) and a miscellaneous group. The malignant tumors(12.5%) were invasive thymoma(3 cases), spindle cell sarcoma(1 case), and non-Hodgkin's Iymphoma(1 case). A complete excision was done in all 35 benign tumors and 3 malignant tumors. There was no operative mortality, and postoperative complications occurred in 3 cases.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.331-342
• /
• 2013

동아프리카 열곡대는 아라비아반도와 아프리카 북동부의 경계에서 부채꼴 형태로 남쪽으로 뻗은 대단층 함몰지구대이다. 아프리카 판 내부에 발달한 열곡대의 폭은 35~60 km이며 연장은 약 4,000km로 알려져 있다. 열곡대는 에티오피아에서 남서방향으로 발달하다 에티오피아 남부에서 동, 서 및 남서 열곡대로 나누어진다. 이 열곡대는 제3기초 올리고세(30~35 Ma)부터 에티오피아 북부 아파르 침강대를 중심으로 주 에티오피아 열곡대가 형성되고, 남쪽으로 확장되면서 마이오세에 활성화된다. 서부 열곡대는 동아프리카대지의 가장자리와 빅토리아 호의 서편을 따라 발달하며, 고각의 정단층에 의해 특징되는 전형적인 반지구대이다. 동부 열곡대(주 에티오피아 열곡대와 케냐 열곡대)는 30 Ma 전 화산활동과 지구조활동이 시작되었으나, 서부 열곡대는 Albert 호 북부에서 12 Ma 전에, Tanganyika 열곡에서는 7 Ma 전부터 시작되었다. 서부 열곡대의 남서 방향으로 분기된 남서 열곡대는 DR-콩고 남부와 잠비아의 Tanganyika 호에서부터 남서 방향으로 확장되어 보츠와나 Okavango 열곡대와 연결된다. 주 에티오피아 열곡대(MER)의 화산암류와 관련 퇴적암류는 지열, 소다회, 포타쉬(K), 천열수 금, 벤토나이트, 유황 및 부석자원으로 중요한 관련암으로 역할을 한다. 열곡관련 대표적인 광상으로는 Afar 열곡대에 분포하는 Danakhil K-광상과 Megenta 및 Blackrock 천열수 금광상이다. Danakhil K-광상은 제4기 화산활동과 높은 지열류에 의해 열곡대 내 분포하던 소금 선상지(salt fan)에서 증발작용에 의해 형성된 증발형 K-광상으로서 총 자원량은 약 12.6억톤으로 평가되었다. 이 광상에서는 4종의 K-광물인 실바이트, 카날라이트, 포리하라이트, 카이나이트가 산출한다. 아파르 침강대 내 분포하는 대표적인 천열수 금광상은 텐다호 지구대에 위치하는 Megenta 및 Blackrock 광상이다. 제4기에 EMR에서 산성의 과알칼리 화산활동에 의해 열수활동이 초래되어 현재까지도 활동하여 지열대가 형성되고, 저유황형금 광상들이 형성되었다. Megenta 저유황형 금 광상은 2009년 발견되었으며, 현재 영국의 Startex International사에 의해 탐사가 진행 중이다. 지금까지의 탐사 결과 옥수질 규화 변질암 분포지에서 5개의 광체가 분포하며, 그중 Hyena 광체에서는 규화 변질된 열수각력암에서 최고 16.75 g/t의 금 품위가 보고되었다. 동아프리카 열곡대의 서편인 부룬디에 분포하는 Gakara REE 광상은 카보너타이트 유형의 REE 광상이다. 이 광상은 $400km^2$ 면적 내 수 cm부터 수 m까지의 폭을 가지는 맥상 또는 망상세맥상의 광체를 형성한다. 주로 조립의 바스트너사이트와 모나자이트로 구성된다. 바스트너사이트의 형성시기는 $587{\pm}4Ma$인 신원생대로 알려져 있으며, 이 지역에 분포하는 카보너타이트와 알칼리암들이 신원생대에서 신생대까지의 광범위한 연대를 보이는 것은 동일한 구조선을 따라서 일어나는 반복되는 열곡활동으로 해석된다. 또한 REE, U, 인회석 자원의 관련암체로 생각되는 알카리 조면암(네펠린-조면암 포함)과 카보너타이트는 동아프리카 열곡대의 남동부 끝자락인 말라위와 모잠비크에 우세하게 분포한다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.313-324
• /
• 2017

Tsogttsetsii area, an intrusive complex associated with Cu mineralization, is located in the South Gobi, Mongolia. We performed the cross geochemical and extended exploration survey in Tsogttsetsii area. Cu mineralization in Tsogttsetsii area is porphyry Cu type related with alkali granite intruded in Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. In the concentrated occurring to malachite appears extensively prophylitic alteration zone having a chlorite and epidote. As results of the survey, Cu contents of potable XRF and of chemical composition for altered rocks ranges 1.08 to 18.3% in the 30 points and 1.08 to 32.9% in the 13 points, respectively. Ore minerals identified in XRD analysis and polarizing microscope that samples of copper oxides were composed mainly of malachite, azurite, permingeatite and cuprite and the other minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrargyrite, dickite, calcite, chlorite and epidote. Mineralization can be considered occurring to selectively some granite of the surrounding aplite and faults in the only upper part coming up the hydrothermal solution of the remaining residual magma after the aplite intrusion.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of elastic modulus of restorative materials and the number of interfaces of post and core systems on the stress distribution of three differently restored endodontically treated maxillary second premolars using 3D FE analysis. Model 1, 2 was restored with a stainless steel or glass fiber post and direct composite resin. A PFG or a sintered alumina crown was considered. Model 3 was restored by EndoCrown. An oblique 500 N was applied on the buccal (Load A) and palatal (Load B) cusp. The von Mises stresses in the coronal and root structure of each model were analyzed using ANSYS. The elastic modulus of the definitive restorations rather than the type of post and core system was the primary factor that influenced the stress distribution of endodontically treated maxillary premolars. The stress concentration at the coronal structure could be lowered through the use of definitive restoration of high elastic modulus. The stress concentration at the root structure could be lowered through the use of definitive restoration of low elastic modulus.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.209-221
• /
• 1999

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to calculate the size and CT number of both normal parotid and submandibular gland. and evaluate their relation to sex, age and obesity using computed tomography. Materials and Methods: The computed tomography was performed parallel to the Frankfurt plane in 46 subjects with healthy salivary gland. The subjects were divided into the three groups (young, middle. old) according to their ages. The size of salivary gland was determined as maximum cross-sectional area and the CT number of salivary gland was determined as the mean CT number of three ROI's. The body mass index was calculated from weight and height. Results: The mean maximum cross-sectional area was 7.79(±1.25)cm² on parotid gland and 4.12(±0.83) cm² on submandibular gland. The mean CT number was -4.43(±23.87) HU on parotid gland and 50.01(±15.63) HU on submandibular gland. There was decreasing pattern of the maximum cross-sectional area of submandibular gland and the CT number of both parotid and submandibular gland according to age(p<0.05). As the body mass index increased. the maximum cross-sectional area of parotid gland increased and CT number of both parotid and submandibular gland decreased(p<0.05). The maximum cross-sectional area of submandibular gland in male was larger than that in female(p<0.05). As the maximum cross-sectional area and CT number of left salivary gland increased. those of right gland increased(p<0.05). Conclusion : Intra-individual differences in salivary gland size and CT number is considered in the age and individual obesity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.110-115
• /
• 1999

Pulmonary histiocytosis X is a granulomatous disorder of the lung of unknown cause. Patients with this disease often complain of cough, dyspnea on exertion and, occasionally, chest pain from pneumothorax or bone involvement. However, DI is uncommon in these patients. We report a case of primary pulmonary histiocytosis X with central diabetes insipidus. A 23-year-old man presented with dyspnea suffered from dry cough, exertional dyspnea, polydipsia and polyuria for 4 months. He was a heavy smoker. He was found to have reticulonodular interstitial opacities on chest X-ray film. High-resolution computed tomography revealed thin-walled cysts of various sizes in both lungs. Open lung biopsy was done. On light microscopic examination revealed proliferation and infiltration of Langerhans cells. Immunohistochemically, Langerhans cells showed strong cytoplasmic staining with S-100 protein and electronmicroscopic examination showed Birbeck granules in Langerhans cells. Water deprivation test showed central-type diabetes insipidus and brain MRI showed no abnormal lesion on suprasellar region. Smoking cessation was recommended. He was treated with oral desmopressin.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 1970

A study on the purification of the surf clam Mactra Sulcataria REEVE for the remove of sand and fecal piles was conducted in the laboratory. The sand was mostly distributed around the inhalent and exhalent siphon, mantle and gill, and were also distributed in the digestive tract including the mid-gut gland. The sand particles in the digestive tract were extremely small and their sizes were about $180\times10\mu\;to\;550\times200\mu$. It could be seen that there was little, if any, difference in the rate of sand removal when either the hanging Purification method was used or the method of laying the surf clams in thick or thin layers on the bottom of the experimental vessel was used. The surf clam removed about $50\%$ of its sand during the first hour of purification. The weight of the removed sand and fecal piles on a dry basis reached a constant value after 22 to 26 hours of purification. After 42 hours of Purification, no sand could be seen in the fecal piles. The surf clam removed the sand in its body more rapidly when it was in sea water with the pH of 8.75 than when it was in natural sea water. Also high temperature had a much greater depressing effect upon the removal of sand In the surf clam than did natural sea water. Also low salinity had greater accelerating effect upon the removal of sand in the body than did natural sea water. However the surf clam died when the salinity was $8.19\%_{\circ}$.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2005

Objective : This study is designed to find out the effect of Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy on the Post-stroke Pain. Methods : Bee venom solution was injected on Seven Points of CVA-GB2l(肩井), LI15(肩隅), Ll11(曲池), GB31(風市), ST36(足三里), GB39(絶骨), ect- every other day for 3 weeks, in twenty patients who were admitted in Dong-Seo Oriental Medical Hospital, as diagnosed by their typical pain characteristics of central pain from stroke. Result : After 3 weeks treatment, visual analogue scale of pain severity showed significant decrease.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.403-415
• /
• 2014

Recently, the temperature rise in the summer due to climate change, power usage is increasing rapidly. As a result, power generation facilities have been newly completed and the need for ultra-high-voltage transmission line for power transmission of electricity to the urban area has increased. The mechanized tunnelling method using a shield TBM have an advantage that it can minimize vibrations transmitted to the ground and ground subsidence as compared with the conventional tunnelling method. Despite the popularity of shield TBM for cable tunnel construction, study on the mechanical behavior of cable tunnel driven by shield TBM is insufficient. Thus, in this study, the effect of fractured zone ahead of tunnel face on the mechanical behavior of the shield TBM cable tunnel is investigated. In addition, it is intended to compare the behavior characteristics of the fractured zone with continuous model and applying the interface elements. Tunnelling with shield TBM is simulated using 3D FEM. According to the change of the direction and magnitude of the fractured zone, Sectional forces such as axial force, shear force and bending moment are monitored and vertical displacement at the ground surface is measured. Based on the stability analysis with the results obtained from the numerical analysis, it is possible to predict fractured zone ahead of the shield TBM and ensure the stability of the tunnel structure.