• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2014

The gold textile is Korean traditional weaving technique using the gold thread since 5th century. The making technique of gold thread was written in various references, but it is severed because the gold thread weaving equipment and sumptuous moods were forbidden in the early 18th century. There are some studies of traditional gold thread which are mainly about conservation treatment of cleaning and strength. To restore traditional gold thread, investigation of material and manufacturing technique is vitally required. The gold threads are composed of gold leaf, adhesive and base sheet. Gold leaf and base sheet are available for investigation because they are exposed to the surface, whereas adhesive is not easy to investigate because it is not exposed to the surface. In this study, samples are made of pure and impure gold, animal glue and lacquer, and various types of Hanji based on domestic and foreign references to compare materials for gold threads. As a result of morphological character and stability evaluation, the optimum materials for the restoration of gold threads are pure gold, animal glue and Dochimji(smoothing paper by beating). This study is expected to be basic data for manufacturing gold threads techniques and modernization of traditional gold threads hereafter research.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.516-551
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• 2011

This study analysed the institutional evolution of Korea's international cooperation of science and technology (S&T) from the viewpoint of the historical institutionalism. For this, it examined Korea's institutions for international S&T cooperation by dividing the whole period from the Korean war to the present into five sub-periods; period of technology aids, technology transfer, mutual cooperation, expanded cooperation, and highly sophisticated cooperation, respectively. It, then, reviewed the evolving process and characteristics of each period. In this study, the structure (environment), the actor (government), the institution of higher rank (science & technology policy) were considered as variables influencing upon the institutions of the international S&T cooperation. Upon this assumption, this study analysed how and through what evolutionary process the international S&T cooperation institutions have evolved so far. This study obtained the following conclusions; First, the study confirmed the existence of the "institutional layering" in the institutions of the international S&T cooperation in Korea. The momentums for the change of the institutions of the international S&T cooperation stem from international environment and domestic economic environment. They influence upon economic policy, industrial policy, and S&T policy, which, together with the actor (the government), again brings about the institutional evolution of the international S&T cooperation. Second, the institutional evolution of the international S&T cooperation is taking place gradually. As mentioned above, the momentums for the change of the institutions of the international S&T cooperation originate from international and domestic macro environment. These momentums do not directly influence upon the institutions of the international S&T cooperation, rather they give indirect influence, through other related institutions, upon the institutions of the international S&T cooperation and make its gradual change or evolution. This is because the institutions of the international S&T cooperation have the "institutional layering".

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.291-305
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of nerves in the dental pulp of early extracted primary teeth, normal exfoliated primary teeth, partially-erupted, nonfunctional, premolars, and erupted, functional, premolars. Numbers of sample were 10 teeth in each group. The distribution of nerves in the dental pulp were investigated by means of immunohisto chemistry for detection of neurofilament protein(NFP). The results were as follows: The early extracted primary teeth exhibited patterns of innervation similar to those observed for young permanent teeth. The plexiform arrangement of fibers was not evident in the primary teeth. Most nerves appear to terminate about the odontoblasts. As primary teeth began to undergo root resorption, degenerative changes such as vesicles and fragmentation appear in the nerves. The quantity of neural tissue also decreased. In teeth in which the roots were almost completely resorbed only a small number of nerves remain. There was a decrease in the number of terminal branches in the pulp of the partially erupted, nonfunctional, premolars and those present reached the pulpo-odontoblastic border. The nerve terminals in the pulp of the erupted, functional, premolars were traced to the dentinal tubule and a few nerve fibers formed loops in the predentin.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.200-218
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study was to examine daily lives of elderly welfare recipients and their experiences with social welfare services. Researchers collected and analyzed data through individual interviews with 11 elderly welfare recipients. A major theme in the time context was "Daily lives enduring physical and mental sufferings alone and mismatches of social welfare services": 'Starting same tedious days: trading diligent work for basic living assistance', 'Forced ritual of having meals', 'Struggle with depressing night: not attentive welfare services at closing hours', 'Welfare services suspended in holidays', 'Mind and body withered by economic hardship in winter', 'Social support for enduring weary lives'. In the space context, a major themes was "Inadequate welfare services and social interaction in the context of social isolation": 'Unhygienic and unsafe living environment', 'Hiding places: spending tedious days in vacant lots', 'Community welfare centers useful only for healthy elderly', 'Differences and similarities of elderly in urban and rural areas', 'Receiving restricted medical services at hospitals', 'Hard-to-reach public institutions', 'ambivalence about living as welfare recipients'. Based on the findings, the researchers proposed implications for policy and practice to improve elderly welfare recipients' quality of life.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.313-321
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• 2017

Traffic accidents in the country have steadily increased. Although IOT technologies have been applied so as to prevent the primary accident, practical solutions to prevent the secondary accident have not been suggested. A general guideline is simply recommended. In this paper, utilizing existing communication technology, we implement a proposed model and its simulation to prevent the secondary accident. When it is possible for a driver to secure visibility, the secondary accident can be prevented; In areas like tunnel, mountain terrain, and curve road with heavy traffic, where the driver has difficulty in securing the visibility, the secondary accident rates after the primary accident have been increasing. Therefore, we implement an accident prevention system that determines the primary accident utilizing sensor technology and prevents the secondary accident communicating through V2V or V2I. After the simulation, we found that the proposed model and the existing model made no difference with regard to the secondary accident rates when the visibility of the driver is secured; With the application of the proposed model, however, the accident rates decreased for 3-7 percent even though the visibility and communication were not secured.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

In this study, the physical, mechanical, structural, and environmental performances based on field measured data were evaluated to check the suitability of concrete for ecological preservation and cultivation of a hydrophilic environment. More specifically, the study is focused on developing an environmentally friendly functional concrete with river ecology restoration and natural river early formation capabilities. The mechanical performance evaluation results showed that the increase in mix rate of the PVA (Poly Vinyl Alcohol) reinforcement fibers and silica fume caused an increase in the strength. The optimal mix rate was found to be 0.05 volume % PVA fiber and approximately 10% silica fume. The frost resistance evaluation showed that superior performance was gained when 0.05 volume % PVA fiber and 15% silica fume was mixed simultaneously. In the structural performance evaluation, the bending strength was improved by 47.7% compared to plain concrete when mixed with 0.05 volume % PVA fiber. The flexural toughness also saw significant improvement. The environmental monitoring of field performance showed that grasses germinated most rapidly, but the growth of red poppies, a plant that germinates in the spring, was most active with passing of time. Coverage measurements in all of the monitoring locations found favorable coverage of over 95% after 12 weeks. The study results showed that the environmentally friendly functional concrete had outstanding environmental performance.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.3-19
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• 2014

Large-scale unband development resulted from the rapid economic growth in the Republic of Korea has brought about the habitat destruction for the native animals and plants living in forest and farmland. In order to resolve this problem, it is necessary to consider the natural ecosystem as an organism and to preserve the natural ecosystem by managing ecologically significant habitat consistently. Especially, the local governments should be able to establish regional ecologic networks in consideration of the ecological connectivity and the environmental and ecological excellence, and to reflect them into the local development plans. In regard to this, the methods of the regional ecological network establishment was presented, making use of the results including the national ecological network which assessed the ecological connectivity of the nation and the environmental and ecological assessment results of the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map which was designed to analyze and assess the national environmental and ecological values quantitatively. Making use of the case of Gyeongsangnam-do; the results presented that the existing national ecological network in the core region has expanded from $2,986km^2$ to $4,049km^2$ and the existing national ecological network in the buffer region has expanded from $2,940km^2$ to $3,006km^2$. Referring to the regional ecological network in the process of the local development plans could contribute to the increase in biodiversity and the integrated local environmental management including the ecosystem preservation.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-114
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to review the changes in the aviation safety management system, how that system has evolved and what forces caused these changes to take place. Also included is an examination of the development process of the aviation safety management system in view of the new institutionalism, identifying the patterns of change. Based on the results of this study, I propose policy methods to design a desirable civil aviation safety system with a view toward raising the safety standards in the Korean civil aviation community. The major analysis variables are as follows: first, aviation accidents caused by external factors and international standards as independent variables second, environmental changes and political processes affecting aviation safety management system as major mediating variables and third, the aviation safety management legal system, the aviation safety management organizations and an expert participation system as dependent variables. The institutional changes and continuance of the aviation safety management system show that when specific circumstances arise, the continuance lasts depending on the path dependency, and in a certain circumstance, when immanent changing factors reach a critical point, the system suddenly changes by a punctuated equilibrium, which are all included in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 2007

The urban forest offer many opportunities to maintain and enhance local and regional biological diversity. Pinus densiflora stands in isolated urban forest in five areas of Seoul, Incheon, Daegu, Ulsan, and Cheongju were investigated by landscape and community ecological methods for diagnosis of current status and construction of conservation plan. Species composition of five study areas revealed regional characteristics. As the result of stand dynamics, absence of pine seedlings and saplings were observed. Cheongju, significantly, revealed highest species diversity (H'=1.86) and richness (24) among study areas, and the opposite was true for Daegu (1.35 for H', and 14 for richness). Ratio of alien species was highest in Daegu (15.8%) (F=5.05, p=0.0016). Based on landscape analysis, complexity of pine patch was higher in local city than metropolitans, but statistically not significant (p=0.133). Complexity of pine patch revealed significant positive correlation with diversity and richness, but not with percentage of aliens. Synthetically, ecological management based on community and landscape ecological information was recommended. Cautious artificial regeneration strategy was necessary to regenerate pine forest in urban area.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.215-228
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• 2017

Taking a look at recent trends of port cities, many port cities in the world have been shedding new light on the function being kept by existing port spaces, caused by changes of industrial structure according to the stream of the times, developments of surrounding areas, and etc., and we can see that its meaning also has been changing. However, in case of domestic port spaces they are in the real situation not responding to those movements quickly. Therefore, unlike the existing zoning system dividing functionally urban spaces according to use simply, in this study FBCs getting the timelight recently as a system capable of reflecting spatial characteristics at the maximum have been utilized as a measure for solving current problems of urban spaces. The purpose of this study is to propose the direction of urban planning approach that harmonizes the whole harbor space by strengthening the interlinkage between heterogeneous spaces of port area and port area using FBCs. FBCs are institutional devices that are proposed and implemented in the United States to reflect the unique characteristics of the space, that is, the location and the uniqueness, and the pedestrian-oriented space planning.