• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1131-1138
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• 2001

This paper concerns the crashworthiness of the widely used vehicle structure, the spot welded hat and double hat shaped section members, which are excellent on the point of the energy absorbing capacity and low production cost. The target of this paper is to analyze the energy absorption capacity of the structure against the front-end collision, and to obtain useful information for designing stage. Changing the spot weld pitches on the flanges, the hat and double hat shaped section members were tested on the axial collapse loads in impact velocities of 4.72m/sec, 6.54m/sec, 7.19m/sec and 7.27m/sec. To efficiently review the collapse characteristics of these sections, the simulation have been carried out using explicit FEM package, LS-DYNA3D. The solutions are compared with results from the impact collapse experiments.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.891-895
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• 2002

Purpose : The prevalence of renal anomalies in Turner syndrome(TS) has been reported to vary from 33% to 60%. The purpose of this study was to clarify the true incidence of renal malformations in Korean TS. Methods : We evaluated 33 patients with Turner syndrome diagnosed by karyotype in Inje University Busan Paik hospital and Youngnam University from January 1995. Intravenous pyelography(IVP) was performed on all patients; abdominal ultrasonography and 99mTc-DMSA renal scan were performed on some. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on all patients with peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results : Of the total 33 patients, the karyotype showed 45, X in 18(54.5%) patients, mosaicism in 11(33.3%) patients and structural aberration in 4(12.2%) patients. The overall incidence of renal anomalies was 36.4%. The renal anomalies included four cases of horeshoe kidney, six cases of abnormal renal collecting system one case of single kidney and one case of malrotation. The incidence of renal anomalies in 45, X karotype(44.4%) showed a higher rate than that of mosaicism and structural aberration(26.7%), but there is no statistical significance. Conclusion : The incidence of renal anomalies in Korean TS reveals 36.4%. This rate is similar to other foreign TS studies. We recommend that renal ultrasonography or IVP for investigation of renal anomalies should be done as a screening procedure for the better quality of life in patients with TS.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.104-107
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• 2009

Mitrula paludosa (Geoglossaccae, Helotiales, Ascomycetes) is reported about morphological and ecological characteristics for the first time in Korea. The mushroom fruited on rotten pine leaves or fine twigs in ditches with flowing or standing water in Sogri Mountain National Park from May to June. The apothecium of M. paludosa is 20 to 50 mm tall. The cap is bright yellow to orange, cylindrical to wrinkled ovoid and $5{\sim}10\;{\times}\;10{\sim}20$ mm. The stem is whitish and cylindrical distinctly set off from the cap. The ascospore is hyaline, smooth long elliptical fusoid with round ends and $13{\sim}17\;{\times}\;1.5{\sim}2.0{\mu}m$. The ascus is unitunicate, $90{\sim}110\;{\times}\;5{\sim}6{\mu}m$, and has eight spores biseriately lined to the inoperculate apex. Paraphyses are septate filiform, $95{\sim}120\;{\times}\;1.0{\sim}1.5{\mu}m$, $7{\sim}10{\mu}m$ longer than the asci.