• Russian Language and Literature
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• no.67
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• pp.155-173
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• 2019

After the October Revolution, the Soviet Union created a theory of creating letters for people who did not have scripts, and the task of applying this theory to the actuality emerged. As a result of this activity, the number of languages that have obtained the scripts exceeds the number of scripts created throughout Europe. At that time, most of the people of the Soviet republics spoke only mother tongue, and it had only oral form. In the shortest time, a scripts system for the Soviet people's mother tongue was to be created to approach and educate a large number of people to the achievements of international science and culture. At that time, Russians, Ukrainians, Georgians, and Armenians had developed and had a script system that fit their language. The languages of Tatars, Kazakhs, Kyrgyzs, Uzbeks, Turkmen, Tajiks and Azerbaizans had not well suited to Turkic languages, based on Arabic characters reflecting Semitic characteristics. For some minorities such as the Yakuts and the Chubashians, the Cyrillic-based notation had already been established before the revolution, but about 50 peoples, especially all northern peoples, had no scripts. As we see above, not only peoples who did not have not scripts before the revolution, but also scripts for all ethnic groups of the Soviet Union, which had previously been based on Latin, Arab or Jewish scripts, were created to access and educated large numbers of people within the shortest time to the achievements of world science and culture. The principle of markings for the people without the Soviet Union was to represent the unique notes of the ethnic languages by considering the unique phonetic components of the ethnic language as much as possible while observing the unity required for the Soviet ethnic characters, approaching the actual literary language and actually creating supplementary letters.