• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1994

Optimization study was conducted for preparation of uncompressed soy protein isolate(SPI) tofu in the aspects of water addition ratio, second heating temperature and amounts of oil and dextrin added. The SPI tofu was prepared without compression step with SPI-oil-dextrin mixture and $CaSO_4-GDL$ mixed coagulants. The data were statistically analyzed by multiple regresstion and response surface methodology(RSM). Addition of dextrin increased the hardness of tofu, particularly for the second heating at $85^{\circ}C$ and 8 times of water to SPI. RSM figure showed that the effect of dextrin on hardness became to be less as the heating temperature increased. The hardness increase effect was no significant except addition of 25% oil and 8 times of water and second heating at $85^{\circ}C$. The addition of 25% oil and $10{\sim}15%$ dextrin and second heating at $90^{\circ}C$ for $45{\sim}60$ minutes resulted hardness and cohesive tofu. The optimal method proposed for uncompressed SPI tofu on the basis of textural and sensory properties was first heating of homogenized SPI-oil-dextrin(100:25:15) with addition of 8 times of water(on the basis of SPI) at $100^{\circ}C$ for 6 minutes, cooling to $40^{\circ}C$, additon of mixed coagulants of $CaSO_{4}-GDL$(0.07 g, 0.0075 g/SPI) and second heating at $90^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 1998

기존에 건설된 교통시설의 운영효율을 극대화하기 위한 지능형 교통체계의 한 분야인 ATIS는 도로를 이용하는 통행자에게 편리성을 제공하는 동시에 도로를 효율적으로 운영할 수 있는 정보체계이다. ATIS 체계하에서 통행자에게 신뢰성 있는 정보를 제공하기 위해서는 교차로서의 회전에 의한 지체를 정확하게 반영함은 물론이고 실시간으로 변화하는 교통상황을 반영할 수 있는 동적인 최단경로 탐색 알고리즘이 요구된다. 하지만 기존에 발표된 동적인 최단경로 탐색 알고리즘은 회전에 대한 정보를 반영하지 못하며 정적인 최단경로 탐색 알고리즘은 회전에 대한 정보를 반영하지 못하며 정적인 탐색알고리즘 조차 회전에 대한 정보를 정확히 반영하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 이유에서 알고리즘 내부에서 회전을 반영하기 위해 수정형 덩굴망 알고리즘의 표지기법을 이용하여 동적인 최단경로 탐색알고리즘을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 동적 최단경로 탐색 알고리즘은 정적인 상태의 수정형 덩굴망 알고리즘에 시간에 따라 변화하는 교통상황을 반영하기 위해 시간에 대한 변수를 추가하였다. 이렇게 해서 알고리즘은 시간대별로 변화하는 통행시간을 고려하여 최단 경로를 탐색하게 되며 출발시점을 기준으로 표지를 설정하여 모든 앞선 시간에 대해 경로를 고려하도록 하였다. 매 단계에서 전 노드를 추적하여 회전에 관한 정보를 반영하도록 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 최단경로 탐색 알고리즘은 교차로에서의 회전에 대한 정보와 통행금지 등을 정확히 반영하며 실시간으로 변화하는 통행시간을 반영함으로써 신뢰성 있는 노선 정보를 ATIS를 이용하는 통행자들에게 제공하는데 활용될 수 있는 기법이다.적으로 세부적 차종분류로 접근한다.의 영향들을 고려함으로써 가로망 설계 과정에서 가로망의 상반된 역할인 이동성과 접근성의 비교가 가능한 보다 현실적인 가로망 설계 모형을 구축하고자 한다. 지금까지 소개된 가로망 설계모형들은 용량변화에 대한 설계변수의 형태에 따라 이산적 가로망 설계 모형과 연속적 가로망 설계모형으로 나뉘어지게 된다. 본 논문의 경우, 계산속도의 향상 측면에서는 연속적 가로망 설계 모형을 도입할 수 있지만, 이때 요구되는 도로용량이 이산적인 변수(차선 수)로 결정되어야만 신호제어 변수를 결정할 수 있기 때문에, 이산적 가로망 설계 모형이 사용된다. 하지만, 이산적 설계모형의 경우 조합최적화 문제이므로 정확한 최적해를 구하기 위해서는 상당한 시간이 소요되며, 경우에 따라서는 국부 최적해에 빠지게 된다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해, 우선 이상적 모형의 근사화, 혹은 조합최적화문제를 위해 개발된 Simulated Annealing기법의 적용, 연속적 모형의 변수를 이산화하는 방법 등 다양한 모형들을 고려해 본 뒤, 적절한 모형을 적용할 것이다. 가로망 설계 모형에서 신호제어를 고려하기 위해서는 주어진 가로망에 대한 통행 배정과정에서 고려되는 통행시간을 링크통행시간과 교차로 지체시간을 동시에 고려해야 하는데, 이러한 문제의 해결을 위해서 최근 활발히 논의되고 있는 교차로에서의 신호제어에 대응하는 통행배정 모형을 도입하여 고려하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 지금까지 연구되어온 Global Solution Approach와 Iterative Approach를 비교, 검토한 뒤 모형에 보다 알맞은 방법을 선택한다. 차량의 교차로 통행을 고려하는 perf

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2007

To recover transmitted signal perfectly at DTV receiver, we have to acquire carrier frequency synchronization to compensate pilot signal which located in wrong position and rotated phase. Also, we need a symbol timing synchronization to compensate sampling timing error. Conventionally, to synchronize symbol timing, we use Gardner's scheme which used in multi-level signal. Gardner's scheme is well known for its sampling the timing error signal from every symbol and it makes easy to detect and keep timing sync in multi-path channel. In this paper, to discuss the problem when the received power level is out of range and we cannot get synchronization information. With this problem, we use 2 step procedures. First, we put a received signal power compensation block before Garder's timing error detector. Second, adaptive loop filter to get a fast synchronization information and averaging loop filter's output value to reduce the amount of jitter after synchronization in PLL(Phased Locked Loop) circuit which is used to get a carrier frequency synchronization and symbol timing synchronization. Using the averaging value, we can estimate offset. Based on offset changing ratio, we can adapt adaptive loop filter to carrier frequency and symbol timing synchronization circuit.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.544-555
• /
• 2011

The acute toxicity in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was analyzed and predicted using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). The aquatic toxicity, 96h $LC_{50}$ (median lethal concentration) of 275 organic pesticides, was obtained from EU-funded project DEMETRA. Prediction models were derived from 558 2D molecular descriptors, calculated in PreADMET. The linear (multiple linear regression) and nonlinear (support vector machine and artificial neural network) learning methods were optimized by taking into account the statistical parameters between the experimental and predicted p$LC_{50}$. After preprocessing, population based forward selection were used to select the best subsets of descriptors in the learning methods including 5-fold cross-validation procedure. The support vector machine model was used as the best model ($R^2_{CV}$=0.677, RMSECV=0.887, MSECV=0.674) and also correctly classified 87% for the training set according to EU regulation criteria. The MLR model could describe the structural characteristics of toxic chemicals and interaction with lipid membrane of fish. All the developed models were validated by 5 fold cross-validation and Y-scrambling test.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.685-693
• /
• 2015

There have been high demands for urban underground structures. However, they should be rapidly constructed while maintaining the functions of adjacent structures and road systems especially in urban areas. In this respect, trenchless excavation methods are considered to very effective in minimizing ground displacements during excavation works. A variety of field conditions such as economic, technical and environmental aspects should be taken into consideration when an optimum trechless excavation method is to be chosen in a given condition. Therefore, this study aims to carry out a fundamental study to select an optimum trenchless excavation method by the decision making technique. Especially, AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) which is a kind of a multiple attribute decision making process is adopted to consider the opinions of experts and to derive reliable decision criteria. As a result, the weights of key factors and the most effective trenchless methods for different ground conditions were proposed in this study.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.745-753
• /
• 2011

In this paper, the planar monopole antenna for multi-band service is proposed. The proposed antenna, which is a rectangular patch antenna with a U-shaped slit based on a monopole antenna for wide bandwidth characteristic, is designed and analyzed. The antenna size has been miniaturized by using the U-shaped slit. The frequency characteristics are modified and optimized by varying specific parameters. To obtain desired frequency bands, the U-shaped slit and patch lines have been applied. Whole antenna dimensions including the ground plane are $35{\times}50{\times}1\;mm^3$, and the antenna part size is $35{\times}27\;mm^2$. It is fabricated on the FR-4 substrate(${\epsilon}_r=4.4$) using a microstrip line of $50{\Omega}$ for impedance matching. For the measured results, the impedance bandwidth below a VSWR of 2 is 790~916 MHz, 1.74~2.14 GHz, and 2.36~3.13 GHz. The fabricated antenna is satisfied with the aimed impedance bandwidth in GSM/DCS/US-PCS/UMTS/Bluetooth/S-DMB applications.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2013

In this paper, a broadband planar monopole antenna for multi-band services is proposed. The physical size of the proposed antenna is miniaturized by folding a rectangular loop. And a resonance point in the 3.9 GHz band is reduced by a coupling phenomenon with the central part of the T-shaped patch and the folded rectangular loop. In addition, the T-shaped patch is inserted to the rectangular shaped monopole antenna due to deriving the broadband frequency characteristics. The frequency characteristic is optimized by adjusting the gap and length of the folded rectangular loops and a transverse diameter of the T-shaped patch. The antenna dimensions including the ground plane are $40{\times}60{\times}1.6mm^3$. It is fabricated on the FR-4 substrate(${\epsilon}_r$=4.4) using a microstrip line of $50{\Omega}$ for impedance matching. In the measured result, the bandwidth corresponding to the VSWR of 2:1 is 162 MHz(815~977 MHz) and 2,530 MHz(1.43~3.96 GHz). For analyzing the human effect by the proposed antenna, 1 g and 10 g averaged SARs are simulated and measured. As the simulated results, 1 g-averaged SAR is 1.044 W/kg, and 10 g-averaged SAR is 0.718 W/kg. This result are satisfied by the SAR guidelines which are 1.6 W/kg(1 g-averaged) and 2.0 W/kg(10 g-averaged).

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2018

A change in object distance would generally change the magnification of an optical system. In this paper, we have proposed and designed a double-Gauss optical system with a fixed magnification and image surface regardless of any change in object distance, according to moving the lens groups a little bit to the front and rear of the stop, independently parallel to the direction of the optical axis. By maintaining a constant size of image formation in spite of various object-distance changes in a projection system such as a head-up display (HUD) or head-mounted display (HMD), we can prevent the field of view from changing while focusing in an HUD or HMD. Also, to check precisely the state of the wiring that connects semiconductor chips and IC circuit boards, we can keep the magnification of the optical system constant, even when the object distance changes due to vertical movement along the optical axis of a testing device. Additionally, if we use this double-Gauss optical system as a vision system in the testing process of lots of electronic boards in a manufacturing system, since we can systematically eliminate additional image processing for visual enhancement of image quality, we can dramatically reduce the testing time for a fast test process. Also, the Gaussian bracket method was used to find the moving distance of each group, to achieve the desired specifications and fix magnification and image surface simultaneously. After the initial design, the optimization of the optical system was performed using the Synopsys optical design software.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.143-156
• /
• 2023

To precisely and reliably analyze the contents of the satellite imagery, recognizing the clouds which are the obstacle to gathering the useful information is essential. In recent times, deep learning yielded satisfactory results in various tasks, so many studies using deep neural networks have been conducted to improve the performance of cloud detection. However, existing methods for cloud detection have the limitation on increasing the performance due to the adopting the network models for semantic image segmentation without modification. To tackle this problem, we introduced the multi-branch neural architecture search to find optimal network structure for cloud detection. Additionally, the proposed method adopts the soft intersection over union (IoU) as loss function to mitigate the disagreement between the loss function and the evaluation metric and uses the various data augmentation methods. The experiments are conducted using the cloud detection dataset acquired by Arirang-3/3A satellite imagery. The experimental results showed that the proposed network which are searched network architecture using cloud dataset is 4% higher than the existing network model which are searched network structure using urban street scenes with regard to the IoU. Also, the experimental results showed that the soft IoU exhibits the best performance on cloud detection among the various loss functions. When comparing the proposed method with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) models in the field of semantic segmentation, the proposed method showed better performance than the SOTA models with regard to the mean IoU and overall accuracy.