• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.1C
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• pp.131-139
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• 2008

This paper presents a scalable dual-field Montgomery multiplier based on a new multi-precision carry save adder(MP-CSA), which operates in both types of finite fields GF(p) and GF($2^m$). The new MP-CSA consists of two carry save adders(CSA). Each CSA is composed of n = [w/b] carry propagation adders(CPA) for a modular multiplication with w-bit words, where b is the number of dual field adders(DFA) in a CPA. The proposed Montgomery multiplier has roughly the same timing complexity compared with the previous result, however, it has the advantage of reduced chip area requirements. In addition, the proposed circuit produces the exact modular multiplication result at the end of operation unlike the previous architecture. Furthermore, the proposed Montgomery multiplier has a high scalability in terms of w and m. Therefore, it can be used to multiplier over GF(p) and GF($2^m$) for cryptographic applications.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 실내 광조건에서 자생 장미과 상록 활엽 목본 2종의 생육반응을 조사하였다. 식물재료는 다정큼나무[Rhaphiolepis indica var. umbellata (Thunb.) Ohashi]와 비파나무[Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.]의 3년생 실생묘를 사용하였다. 실내 광량은 10, 50, 100 및 200 PPFD (${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)로 설정되었으며, 광주기(12/12 h), 온도($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), 습도($55{\pm}3%$) 및 관수(1회/3일) 주기는 일정하게 유지하였다. 실내에서 8주간 재배한 다음 유리온실에서 동일 기간동안 재배된 대조구와 생육 및 광합성 능력 등을 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 다정큼나무의 생육은 200 PPFD에서 대조구와 유사한 수준이었으며, 줄기직경은 광량과 정비례하는 경향이었다. 엽수는 대조구에 비해 고 광량(100, 200 PPFD) 조건에서 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다. 처리 별 최대 양자수율(Fv/Fm) 및 광계II 성능지수(Pi_Abs)는 대조구와 유사한 수준이었으며, 광량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 비파나무는 재배기간 동안 광량에 관계없이 생육변화가 크지 않았으나, 엽록소함량은 200 PPFD에서 가장 많았다. 한편 10 PPFD에서는 모든 개체의 잎 고사에 따른 관상가치가 하락하였다. Fv/Fm은 200 PPFD에서 대조구와 유사한 수준이었으며, Pi_Abs는 저광량(10, 50 PPFD) 조건에서 유의적으로 높은 수치였다.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of fertilizing ability following the morphologically normal sperm ratio in porcine IVF using epididymal sperm The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows: 1. When the penetration rate (PR), polysper my rate (PSR), pronuclei formation (2PNF) and mean number of sperm (MNS) per oocyte were evaluated according to the percentage of morphologically normal epididyrnal sperm at insemination($\leq$lO%, 10~30% and $\geq$50%). the PR and PSR of $\leq$50% group (82.4, 87.4%) were significantly higher than those of other two groups ($\leq$lO%; 29.7%, 22.6% and 10~30%; 20.3, 37.0%) (p<0.01). Also, the 2PNF per examined oocytes was significantly high in $\geq$ 50% group (p<0.01). 2. When the $\geq$50% group in epididymal sperm was adjusted to 100% (5x1$^5$ cells/ml) , the PSR and 2PNF were not different between epididymal sperm (86.7, 35.1%) and frozen-thawed ejaculated sperm (86.0. 39.4%) although the PR in epididymal sperm (79.7%) was significantly lower than that in frozen-thawed ejaculated sperm (95.5%)(p<0.01). 3. Also. when the PR, PSR, 2PNF and MNS of epididymal sperm were evaluated according to the oocyte: sperm ratio (1:6000, 1:6650. 1:7700 and 1: 10000) at insemination. the PR, PSR and MNS were increased as the oocyte:sperm ratio increases. However, this result indicated that the 2PNF was high in the oocyte:sperm ratio (1:6000 and 1:6650). Therefore. these results suggested that when the percentage of morphologically normal epididymal sperm was more than 50. the fertilizing a ability was very similar to that of frozen-thawed ejaculated sperm and that the detailed evalu¬a ation of morphological normality in porcine IVF using epididymal sperm should be prerequisite to obtain the more effective fertilizing ability.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 1999

The functional role of cumulus cells on the penetration and polyspermy during in vitro fertilization in porcine was examined. The penetration rate was significantly higher (P＜0.01) in oocytes with (61%) than without (25%) cumulus cells, but significant differences in polysper-my rates were not observed. When hyaluronidase was added to the fertilization medium with different concentrations, penetration rates in oocytes with cumulus cells were higher than in oocytes without cumulus cells at 0 (61% vs 34% ; P＜0.05), 0.01 (56% vs 35% ; P＜0.05), 0.1 (66% vs 30% ; P＜0.05) and 1.0mg/$m\ell$ (39% vs 27%). The polyspermy rates were lower in oocytes without than with cumulus cells, and had a tendency to decrease with high concentrations of hyaluronidase. In another experiment, the penetration and polyspermy rates had a tendency to increase as time of sperm-oocyte culture was prolonged. At 16 and 20 h after insemination, the penetration rates were significantly higher (P＜0.05) in oocytes with (48 and 62% for 16 and 20 h) than without (25 and 31% for 16 and 20 h) cumulus cells in medium containing hyaluronidase. Polyspermy rates were significantly (P＜0.05) lower in oocytes without (13% and 16%) than with (37% and 48%) cumulus cells at 16 and 20 h after insemination. In cumulus-free oocytes inseminated in medium containing different concentrations of cumulus cells, the penetration rates were significantly (P＜0.05) higher in medium with than without hyaluronidase. The proportion of polyspermy was lower in medium without than with hyaluronidase at 0 (10% vs 0%), 10$^2$(25% vs 0%), 10$^4$(24% vs 14%) and 10$^{6}$ (29% vs 10% ; P＜0.05) cumulus cells/$m\ell$. These results suggest that cumulus cells can have a positive influence on sperm penetration, its action on polyspermy control does appear to function primarily on zona pellucida by co-culture of cumulus cells and oocytes in medium without hyaluronidase.

• Electric Engineers Magazine
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• s.131
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• pp.14-15
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• 1993

손에 만져지지 않는 전기$\ldots$$\ldots$지금 우리는 누구도 큰 관심을 가져 주지 않습니다. 그러나 전기는 우리의 곁에 있는 다정한 벗입니다. 이에 우리는 올 여름 전력수급의 안정을 위해 소중한 전기가 어떻게 생산되어 공급되는지를 다시 생각하고 가정에서의 올바른 전기사용법을 익혀 범국민적으로 전기소비절약 분위기를 확산하고자 한다.

• 중국학논총
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• no.65
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• pp.265-285
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• 2020

最近世界经济中最热门的是中美贸易摩擦。被称为"中美贸易战争"的贸易摩擦是2018年5月27日, 在国际社会展现强大力量的世界超强国美国, 对实现了世界最大的人口和持续经济增长的中国的进口产品进行大规模的抵制, 中国也不服软, 相应做出回应而产生的。中美两国过去也经常发生贸易纠纷。特别是2001年加入中国WTO以来, 美国开始提高了中国的抵制。最近, 特朗普总统当选后, 提出美国优先主义, 更加提高了对美国最大贸易收支赤字国中国的抵制。中国也迎来了习近平政权第二期, 提出一对一路(One BentOne Road)经济政策和新型大国关系等强有力的中国复活战略, 加强了国际社会中的地位, 积极应对美国的抵制, 贸易战争逐渐发展成报复关税战争。在中美贸易战争中受最大影响的国家除美国以外, 其次是韩国受到最严重的影响。因为中国是韩国的出口依赖度高的国家之一, 因此在韩国国民经济, 出口依赖度会下降至25%。中美贸易战争阻碍了韩国整体GDP的上升。在本论文中, 了解了中美贸易战争的原因和现状, 因此对中韩贸易造成的影响, 从中摸索应对方案是对于经济学家来说意义非凡。

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.4
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• pp.484-492
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• 2019

The aim of the present study was to compare the cold tolerance of seven different types of trees growing in southern Korea to select evergreen broad-leaved trees that can be used as street trees in large land areas experiencing climate change. The trees compared were the thorn tree, Cinnamomum camphora, Camellia japonica, Machilus thunbergii, Dendropanax morbifera, Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq., Quercus glauca Thunb., and Raphiolepis indica. When the trees were subjected to low temperature treatment, their electrolyte elution volume values appeared to increase with the decreases in the treatment temperature. The analysis of the cold tolerance of each type of tree was based on the estimated temperatures in the following order: C. japonica (-11.586℃) > R. indica (-9.348℃) > Q. glauca (-8.719℃) > M. thunbergii (-8.090℃) > D. macropodum (-7.409℃) > D. morbifera (-7.085℃) > C. camphora (-6.995℃). The relative cold tolerance difference found in the seven tree species was more than 5℃, as evaluated previously. In the Lauraceae family, the difference in cold tolerance was more than 2℃, even in the same species. The analysis showed that trees with excellent cold tolerance included Q. glauca Thunb., C. japonica, R. indica, and the thorn tree. This knowledge is required for the evaluation of the possibility of the survival of trees under cold temperature conditions in cities.

• Polymer Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2015

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.456-458
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 스테고 영상의 화질을 개선하기 위해 픽셀 값의 주변 통계적 특성을 고려한 보다 정확한 계수값을 사용한 픽셀 변형 방법을 제안한다. 이와 같은 방법을 사용함으로써 기존 방법의 삽입 용량을 유지하면서도 스테고 영상의 왜곡 정도가 줄어 PNSR 수치가 기본 방법보다 높아지게 된다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.1429-1432
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• 2003

무선 링크는 유선에 비해 대역폭이 낮고 에러율이 높은 고유한 특성에 기인한 단절이 자주 발생하게 된다. 분산 응용 구축 수단인 RMI는 메소드 호출 중에 발생하는 단절로 인해 심각한 성능저하가 유발된다. 하지만 기존의 RMI는 단절에 대한 어떠한 대책도 마련하지 않고 있다. 본 논문은 RMI의 하부 구조를 수정하여 RMI가 무선 링크의 단절에 적응하도록 한다.