• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.106-116
• /
• 2022

Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) have actively responded to global climate change, and developed and operated the Common Principles for Climate Finance Tracking. They estimate climate finance in a granular manner with a conservative view. In other words, the MDBs track their financing only for those elements or proportions of projects that directly contribute to or promote climate adaptation or mitigation. The MDBs have reported jointly on climate finance since the first edition in 2012, which reported for 2011 and up to the 10th edition in 2021, which reported for 2020. MDBs apply two difference methodologies for adaptation and mitigation. For adaptation, the methodology is based on a context and location specific approach and captures the amounts associated with activities directly linked to vulnerability to climate change. For mitigation, it is evaluated in accordance with a comprehensive list of activities thatreduce greenhouse gas emissions. The result of climate risk assessment is one of the major due diligence items for MDBs alongside with that of environmental and social impact assessment. Under the circumstance that many countries endeavor to deal with climate change at project level, it is meaningful to understand how MDBs have addressed climate change issues in their project approval process. This would be a good reference to establish a methodology for responding to climate change and to expand scope of environmental and social impact assessment.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.37-56
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this research is to present the implication for Korean firms' entry into the power market in Myanmar. This study investigated the characteristics of the Myanmar power market and analyzed SWOT, focusing on energy policy, power supply and demand, energy relations with neighboring countries and climate change issue. Opportunity factors are changes in energy strategies, the launch of an energy integration organization, changes in the power energy portfolio, rapid economic and power demand growth, and a clean development mechanism. The threats are high nonfulfillment of a contract, high power loss rates and low electricity distribution rates, increased energy exports to neighboring countries, and vulnerability to climate change. We suggest the use of CHP (Combined Heat and Power), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and Multilateral Development Bank (MDB).