• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.5A
• /
• pp.846-854
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 무선통신로 채널상에 존재하는 가우스 잡음을 포함한 협대역 A급 임펄스 잡음과 나카가미 페이딩 환경에서 하이브리드 DS/FH-CDMA MFSK 시스템의 성능을 비교 분석하고, 성능 개선 기법으로 MRC 다이버시티 수신 기법과 부호화 기법을 동시에 채용함으로써 고려되어진 시스템의 성능을 개선시켰다. 결과에 의하면 임펄스 지수가 강할수록 또한, 페이딩 지수가 작을수록 하이브리드 DS/FH-CDMA 시스템에서는 성능이 더욱 열화됨을 알 수 있었고, 성능 개선 기법으로 BCH 부호화 기법을 채용했을 경우 페이딩 지수가 증가할수록 성능개선의 폭이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 페이딩 지수가 작은 열악한 환경에서는 MRC 다이버시티 수신 기법을 채용하였을 경우 시스템 성능이 우수하였지만, 페이딩 영향이 감소할수록 BCH 부호화 기법을 채용하였을 경우 시스템 성능이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 레일리 페이딩 환경에서 각각의 성능개선 기법을 단독으로 채용하였을 경우, 음성서비스 품질($10^{-3}$)에 도달할 수 없지만, BCH 부호화 기법과 MRC 다이버시티를 동시에 채용함으로써 강한 임펄스 잡음 하에서도 24dB 이상에서 음성서비스 기준 오율을 만족하는 성능 개선 효과를 얻을 수 있었고, 페이딩 지수가( $m_{i}$=3) 이상에서는 강한 임펄스 잡음이 부가되어도 21dB에서 $10^{-3}$을 만족하고 28dB 이상에서는 데이터 서비스 기준($10^{-5}$) 오율을 만족하는 우수한 성능 개선 효과를 보임으로써 다이버시티 가지수와 부호화의 이득에 의한 에러 성능이 향상되었다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2008

Conventional 1-1-1 cooperative protocol offers path-loss gain as advantage of multi-hop and spatial diversity which is equivalent to MIMO system. This protocol is enable to get higher reliability and reduction of power consumption than those of the single-hop or multi-hop. But the 1-1-1 cooperative protocol get only the diversity order 2 and limited path-loss reduction gain because this protocol has a single cooperative relay. We propose 1-2-1 cooperative protocol using two cooperative relays R1, R2. The 1-2-1 cooperative protocol can improve path-loss reduction and increase diversity order 3. Moreover, the cooperative relay R2 attains diversity order 2. The signaling method in transmission uses DF (Decode and Forward) or DR (Decode and Reencode) and 1-2-1 DF/DR cooperative protocol are applied to clustering based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the protocols under Rayleigh fading channel plus AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.3A
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2006

This paper improves the effects of clustered OFCDM scheme considering the frequency diversity effect over a frequency selective fading channel. In OFCDM with frequency domain spreading compared to OFDM, we can increase uncorrelated symbols by frequency allocation method of correspondent symbols over the same antenna and different antenna after spreading. The simulation results show that the performance of proposed system is improved by approximately 4 dB in ${\sigma}=0.02{\mu}sec$, the performance is improved by approximately 2.5dB in large delay spread in a 12-path Rayleigh fading channel with overall the root mean squared delay spread and the maximum Doppler frequency of 20 Hz. Also, the required average received Eb/No at the average BER of $10^{-3}$ by optimum method is improved by approximately 2.0 dB, compared to that of STA-OFCDM with frequency rearrange. The new method does not require any bandwidth expansion any feedback from the receiver to the transmitter and its computation complexity is similar to clustered OFCDM.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.399-404
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 Hybrid $SC/MRC-{L_c}/L$ 다이버시티 수신 기법과 콘볼루션 부호화 기법을 각각 또는 함께 이용할 때의 Multi-Carrier DS-CDMA시스템의 성능 개선을 구하였다. 우선 다중경로 페이딩 및 다중접속간섭의 영향을 분석하고, 두 기법에 의한 성능 개선 정도를 구하여 비교, 분석하였다. Hybrid SC/MRC-Lc/L 수신에서는 각각의 반송파에 대하여 상관을 취하고 상관기 출력들 중에서 가장 큰 신호성분을 {$L_c}$개 만큼 선택하여 최대비 합성하며, 콘볼루션 부호화는 다중경로 다중경로 페이딩 및 다중접속간섭에 의하여 발생된 오류를 정정 및 검출한다. 분석 결과, 콘볼루션 부호화 기법을 채용함으로서 성능이 현저하게 개선되는데, 보호이득과 전력제한 사이에 trade off를 고려하여 부호화 율 (r)을 선택할 필요가 있다는 것과 하이브리드 $SC/MRC-{L_c}/L$ 수신에서는 입력 다이버시티 가지의 수 (L)가 많을수록 선택의 폭이 넓어지며, 적절한 숫자의 다이버시티 가지의 선택이 시스템의 복잡성과 성능 대 배용 등을 결정한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.293-300
• /
• 2015

Recently, multiuser diversity(MUD) technique is used to improve the performance of OFDM transmission systems. With STBC antenna diversity technique, the performance of OFDM systems can be also improved. Pilot symbol is used for the channel estimation in OFDM systems. However, imperfect channel estimates in this systems degrade the performance. The performance of MUD STBC OFDM systems using pilot symbol, gauged by the bit error rate, is analyzed considering the channel estimation error. Result shows that MUD can improve the required power by a factor of approximately 5 dB for users number 32.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2012

Using OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) provides the same diversity order as MRRC(Maximal Ratio Receiver Combining). It is assumed that fading channel is constant across two consecutive symbols. Unfortunately, when the channel condition is changed for the two consecutive symbols, the OFDM using STBC(Space Time Block Code) does not offer good performance due to the large doppler shift. In this paper, we have proposed a performance enhancement scheme for OFDM using STBC over time-selective fading channel. Simulation results for various doppler shift rates are presented to robust system performance of OFDM due to using our proposed scheme over time-selective fading channel.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.117-127
• /
• 1996

In this paper, we present the bit error performances of 4PSK and 8PSK signal transmission schemes using Maximal Ratio Combining diversity reception for m-distribution and Rician fading channels. The suitability of modeling a Rician fading environment by a properly chosen m-distribution model is examined. Using the error performance of the derived equation has been evaluated and shown in figures as a function of fading index (m), Rician factor (K), diversity branches number (L) and E($E_b/N_o$). It is found that MRC (Maximal Ratio Combining) diversity technique is very efficient for reducing the effects of fading, And then, diversity benifit much large as depth of fading becomes deeper but more decreases as many diversity branchs. Also the results show that the error performance corresponds as much as fading becomes weak and increases with the number diversty branches.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.1A
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of various diversity techniques which can contribute to provide efficient multimedia broadcasting services via hybrid/integrated satellite and terrestrial network. Space-time coding (STC) can achieve the diversity gain in a multi-path environment without additional bandwidth requirement. Recent study results reported that satellite systems can achieve high diversity gains by appropriate utilization of STC and/or forward error correction schemes. Based on these previous study results, we present various cooperative diversity techniques by combining STC and rate compatible turbo codes in order to realize the transmit diversity for the mobile satellite system. The satellite and several terrestrial repeaters operate in unison to send the encoded signals, so that receiver may realize diversity gain. The results demonstrated in this paper can be utilized in future system implementation.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2008

This paper proposes a new beamforming algorithm to select beamforming gain or/and diversity gain in CDMA2000, W-CDMA, W-LAN channel according to signal environment on the multipath. In this paper, we present the criteria to obtain deversity gain at any point that based on quantized experimental value. Proposed method proposes represents a performance better than conventional algorithm adopting the largest two eigenvector when angle spread is exit. From the results of performance analysis through various simulation, it is confirmed that proposed method is far superior about $3{\sim}4$ times compare to conventional method in signal environment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.4C
• /
• pp.336-341
• /
• 2008

In this paper, beamforming algorithm is proposed which can obtain diversity gain in beamforming system that deploy antenna elements with half-wavelength. The proposed algorithm provides beam-pattern using eigen-vectors that span received signal subspace. The criterion to decide optimal rank of eigen-space used for beamforming is also proposed. A beamforming system applied the proposed algorithm shows better performance with diversity gain as getting larger angle spread. This paper provides a description of proposed algorithm with analysis of the performance using various computer simulations.