An attempt was made to determine the optimum levels of sewage sludge application for seogwangbyeo in the farmer's field. 1. Optimum amount of sewage slude application was 338kg/11a at the fertilizer (N-P-K) level of 15-10-10kg/10a, 430kg/10a at that of 7.5-10-10kg/10a and 544kg/10a at no fertilizer. 2. Number of tillers during all growing period were increased with amounts of sewage sludge and/or chemical fertilizers. 3. Panicles per hill was increased but percent ripeness was decreased with the application of increasing level of sewage sludge and/or chemical fertilizer. In particular, the decrease of ripeness among yield-related components sotood out as an important one to be solved for higher yield. 3. Panicles per hill was increased but percent ripeness was decreased with the application of increasing level of sewage sludge and/or chemical fertilizer. In particular, the decrease of ripeness among yield-related components stood out as an important one to be solved for higher yield. 4. Ripeness was remarkably decreased in high nitrogen content of soil and rice plant under heavy amounts of sewage sludge and/or chemical fertilizer. 5. Ripeness that had direct effect on yield showed significantly possitive correlation with the content of $SiO_2$ and $SiO_2/N$ in rice plant from 25 days after transolanting to harvesting stage. 6. Maximumutillzation of nitrogen and its production efficiency of absorbed nitrogen in sewage sludge were 16.6% and 31.9kg (Yield/kg, N) at the level 15-10-10kg/10a as fertilizer with amounts of sewage sludge application, and 19.0% and 31.8kg (yield/kg, N) at sewage sludge application without fertilizer.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
/
v.10
no.2
/
pp.85-96
/
2015
Korea is one of low-ranked countries in women's economic participation rate among OECD nations because well-educated females are not participating in economic activities. Regardless of current state of our society, opening a business is being considered as a effective method for job creation. Also, increasing the number of female business founders can lead to female job creation which promotes even growth of foundation and job creation and augments women's economic activity rate. Therefore, this study suggests the direction of foundation and inspires foundation factors and aims at increasing social re-participation through vitalization of business foundation by women in career discontinuity. For this study, I carried out a survey targeting career interrupted women who have attained entrepreneurial education using five- point scale by Likert and analyzed with SPSS Windows 18.0. The analysis set up 3 hypotheses with independent variables of psychological traits, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial environment and the dependent variable of entrepreneurial intention of the career interrupted women. Also, I looked if there is the modify effect when psychological traits and entrepreneurial education affect the entrepreneurial intention with entrepreneurial environment as a moderating variable. To summarize the positive analysis result, Firstly, all psychological traits, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial environment had similar positive affects on career interrupted women's entrepreneurial intention. Secondly, when psychological traits and entrepreneurial education affect the entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial environment had similar effects as a moderating effect. This study implies that psychological traits, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial environment are all important for the career interrupted women's entrepreneurial intention. There are so many women who are going through both professional experience and personal network's severance. Therefore, optimized entrepre neurship education must be provided to help those women return to economic activity considering their psychological traits. Additionally, we should put emphasis on producing the entrepreneurial environment that can positively convert others' perceptions and construct those women's personal network. There seems to be more productive information for the strategies which can induce those women's actual business foundation if the social problems of the women who have highly willing to open a business are treated in the future. Also, considering that psychological traits, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial environment all have effect on entrepreneurial intentions, there should be more related follow-up study on this.
The Purposes of this study were to investigate the initial tissue changes on the teeth and surrounding tissues under contraction and intrusive force by contraction UTA. A control and experimental dogs, 10-months in age, were studied. Contraction and intrusive force(60gm) were applied at upper four incisors by contraction UTA. Experimental dogs were sacrificed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after force application, respectively. In this study, 2 experimental groups were designed by the duration of force applied(E1, E2). The specimens were taken around the upper first and second incisor in each groups and were prepared for the H-E and MT stain for light microscopic observation. From the results of the study, the following conclusions may be drown. : 1. In control group, the periodontal ligament width was constant from apical third to cervical third of the root and periodontal fiber arrangement was horizontal or oblique in cervical third, oblique in middle third and apical third. In alveolar bond, smooth appearance was shown with osteoblast. 2. In experimental group 1, in proportion to force was concentrated at labial middle third and apical third of root of the upper first and second incisors, root of these tooth tipped labially and intruded at a time. 3. In experimental group 2, periodontal ligament width and arrangement was similar to control and observed strong calcified response at the labial middle third of root. But, alveolar bond resorption and cementum resorption were as before seen at labial middle third and apical third of root that force was concentrated.
Multi-Vertical Loop Arch Wire(MVLAW) is a kind of appliance for uprighting the mesially inclined posterior teeth axes simultaneously. In this study MVLAW was classified as 3 types by modifing the vertical loop design and named type A, B and C. Each MVLAW was fabricated from .017'x.025' TMA wire and preactivated at the distal end of the open vertical loop with 10 degree tip-back bend(type B has an electric welding stop at the distal end of each loop and type C has no electric welding stop). Type A MVLAW was preactivated at the apex of each open vertical loop with 10 degree tip-back bend(the electric welding stop of type A is positionod at the mesial side of each loop). The aim of the present study was to identify when and which MVLAW is more effective to correct the buccal segment axes simultaneously. The Photoelastic overview of the upper and lower right quadrant showed that stress concentrations were observed in its photoelastic model. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Higher level compression can be seen clearly at the distal curvature of the lower 1st and 2nd molar when A type MVLAW was applied without short class m elastic, but mild compression cannot be seen at the distal curvature of lower anterior teeth using the class m elastic. 2. Higher concentration was presented at the mesial curvature from the lower 1st premolar to the 2nd molar than the anterior teeth when B type MVLAW without short class III elastic was applied, but using the short class III elastic, higher concentration of compression was presented in the anterior teeth area. 3. Areas of higher compression and tension were not observed at the mesial and distal curvature of the entire 1ower teeth except lower central and lateral incisors in C type MVLAW without short class III elastic, but using the short class III elastic, higher concentration was seen at the mesial curvature of the lower 1st premolar and 1ower anterior teeth.
An unfavorable tipping movement can occur during the retraction of anterior teeth because orthodontic force is loaded by brackets positioned far from the center of resistance. To avoid this unfavorable movement, a compensating curved wire or lingual root torque wire is used. The purpose of this study is to investigate, using photoelastic material, the distribution of initial stress associated with the retraction of the incisors according to the degree of the compensating curve, to model changes associated with tooth ud alveolar bone structure. The following results were obtained by analysis of the polarizing plate of the effects of initial stress resulting from retraction of the anterior teeth: 1. When the incisors were retracted using combination archwire or sliding mechanics, the maximal polarizing pattern of the apical area decreased as the degree of the compensating owe increased from 0 to 15 to 30. 2. When the incisors were retracted by the combination archwire or sliding mechanics, the maximal polarizing pattern of the canine and premolar area increased as the degree of the compensating curve increased from 0to 15to 30. 3. A lower degree of polarizing patterns were associated with the combination archwire technique than the sliding mechanics technique at a given force. The above results indicate that there is no significant difference between the combination loop archwire technique and sliding mechanics, for the retraction of maxillary anterior teeth with decreased lingual tipping tendency by a compensating curve on the arch wire. However, the use of sliding mechanics is more effective for the prevention of lingual inclination of the anterior teeth, because the hook used in sliding mechanics is closer to the center of resistance of the maxillary anterior teeth.
Seo, In-Soo;Moon, Hyung-Tae;Choi, Byoung-Mi;Kim, Mi-Hyang;Kim, Dae-Ik;Yun, Jae-Seong;Byun, Ju-Young;Choi, Hue-Chang;Son, Min-Ho
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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v.27
no.4
/
pp.341-352
/
2009
This study was carried out to investigated community structure of macrobenthic assemblages around the Wolseong Nuclear Power Plant, East Sea of Korea and seasonal sampling was performed from October 2007 to July 2008. A total of 163 macrobenthic fauna were collected. The overall average macrobenthos density and biomass were 1,005 individuals $m^{-2}$ and $21.81\;gWWt\;m^{-2}$, respectively. Based on the LeBris (1988) index, there were 10 dominant species accounting for approximately 69.00% of total individuals. The major dominant species were the polychaetes Spiophanes bombyx (349 inds. $m^{-2}$), Mediomastus californiensis (82 inds. $m^{-2}$), Sigambra tentaculata (55 inds. $m^{-2}$), Magelona japonica (50 inds. $m^{-2}$), Scoletoma longifolia (33 inds. $m^{-2}$) and the Unidentified amphipod (Amphipoda spp., 72 inds. $m^{-2}$). The conventional multi-variate statistics (cluster analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling) applied to assess spatial variation in macrobenthic assemblages. Cluster analysis and nMDS ordination analysis based on the Bray-Curtis similarity identified 2 major station groups. The major group 1 was associated with sand dominated stations and was characterized by high abundance of the bivalves Mactra chinensis, Siliqua pulchella and the polychaete Protodorvillea egena. On the other hand, major group 2 was connected with mud dominated stations and was numerically dominated by the polychaetes M. californiensis, M. japonica, Sternaspis scutata, S. longifolia and the bivalves Thyasira tokunagai and Theora fragilis. However, macrobenthic community structure were no significant differences between the environmental variables (sediment type and depth) and heated discharge.
Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
/
v.5
no.1
s.9
/
pp.49-63
/
2003
Recently, two international standard organizations, ISO and OGC, have done the work of standardization for GIS. Current standardization work for providing interoperability among GIS DB focuses on the design of open interfaces. But, this work has not considered procedures and methods for designing GIS DB. Eventually, GIS DB has its own model. When we share the data by open interface among heterogeneous GIS DB, differences between models result in the loss of information. Our aim in this paper is to revise the design guidelines for geographic information databases in order to make consistent spatial data models, logical structures, and semantic structure of populated geographical databases. In details, we propose standard guidelines which convert ISO abstract schema into relation model, object-relation model, object-centered model, and geometry-centered model. Furthermore, we provide sample models for applying these guidelines in commercial GIS S/Ws. Building GIS DB based on design guidelines proposed in the paper has the following advantages: the interoperability among databases, the standardization of schema definitions, and the catalogue of GIS databases through.
The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
/
v.6
no.2
/
pp.81-92
/
2001
According to analyses of high-resolution seismic profiles (air gun, sparker, and SBP) and a deep-drill core(YSDP 105) in the mid-eastern Yellow Sea, stratigraphic and geoacoustic models have been established and seismo-acoustic modeling has been fulfilled using ray tracing of finite element method. Stratigraphic model reflects seismo-, litho-, and chrono-stratigraphic sequences formed under a significant influence of Quaternary glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations. Each sequence consists of terrestrial to very-shallow-marine coarse-grained lowstand systems tract and tidal fine-grained transgressive to highstand systems tract. Based on mean grain-size data (121 samples) of the drill core, bulk density and P-wave velocity of depositional units have been inferred and extrapolated down to a depth of the recovery using the Hamilton's regression equations. As goo-acoustic parameters, the 121 pairs of bulk density and P-wave velocity have been averaged on each unit of the stratigraphic model. As a result of computer ray-tracing simulation of the subsurface strata, we have found that there are complex ray paths and many acoustic-shadow zones owing to the presence of irregular layer boundaries and low-velocity layers.
[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: The purpose of this study is to develop a practical method for determining accurate marker positions for prostate cancer radiotherapy using CT images and kV x-ray images obtained from the use of the on- board imager (OBI). $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: Three gold seed markers were implanted into the reference position inside a prostate gland by a urologist. Multiple digital image processing techniques were used to determine seed marker position and the center-of-mass (COM) technique was employed to determine a representative reference seed marker position. A setup discrepancy can be estimated by comparing a computed $COM_{OBI}$ with the reference $COM_{CT}$. A proposed algorithm was applied to a seed phantom and to four prostate cancer patients with seed implants treated in our clinic. $\underline{Results}$: In the phantom study, the calculated $COM_{CT}$ and $COM_{OBI}$ agreed with $COM_{actual}$ within a millimeter. The algorithm also could localize each seed marker correctly and calculated $COM_{CT}$ and $COM_{OBI}$ for all CT and kV x-ray image sets, respectively. Discrepancies of setup errors between 2D-2D matching results using the OBI application and results using the proposed algorithm were less than one millimeter for each axis. The setup error of each patient was in the range of $0.1{\pm}2.7{\sim}1.8{\pm}6.6\;mm$ in the AP direction, $0.8{\pm}1.6{\sim}2.0{\pm}2.7\;mm$ in the SI direction and $-0.9{\pm}1.5{\sim}2.8{\pm}3.0\;mm$ in the lateral direction, even though the setup error was quite patient dependent. $\underline{Conclusion}$: As it took less than 10 seconds to evaluate a setup discrepancy, it can be helpful to reduce the setup correction time while minimizing subjective factors that may be user dependent. However, the on-line correction process should be integrated into the treatment machine control system for a more reliable procedure.
Lee, Ju Young;Shim, Jeong Ok;Yang, Hye Ran;Chang, Ju Young;Shin, Choong Ho;Ko, Jae Sung;Seo, Jeong Kee;Kim, Woo Sun;Kang, Gyeong Hoon;Song, Jeong Han;Kim, Jong Won
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
/
v.51
no.6
/
pp.650-654
/
2008
Glycogen storage disease (GSD) and mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are both independently inherited disorders. GSD is a member of a group of genetic disorders involving enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. GSD leads to abnormal tissue concentrations of glycogen, primarily in the liver, muscle, or both. MPS is a member of a group of inherited lysosomal storage diseases, which result from a deficiency in specific enzymatic activities and the accumulation of partially degraded acid mucopolysaccharides. A case of a 16-month-old boy who presented with hepatomegaly is reported. The liver was four finger-breadth-palpable. A laboratory study showed slightly increased serum AST and ALT levels. The liver biopsy showed microscopic features compatible with GSD. The liver glycogen content was 9.3% which was increased in comparison with the reference limit, but the glucose-6-phosphatase activity was within the normal limit. These findings suggested GSD other than type I. Bony abnormalities on skeletal radiographs, including an anterior beak and hook-shaped vertebrae, were seen. The mucopolysaccharide concentration in the urine was increased and the plasma iduronate sulfatase activity was low, which fulfilled the diagnosis criteria for Hunter syndrome (MPS type II). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of GSD and Hunter syndrome being identified at the same time.
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