• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1992

미성숙 래트의 외경정맥에 카테타를 장착하고, 다음날 (28일령) 대조군에는 4IU, 다배란 처치 군에는 20IU의 PMSG를 피하주사하였다. 각 실험동물은 혈중의 LH농도 변화를 측정하기 위하여 PMSG 투여 직전 (0시간), 투여후 12시간, 그 이후 6시간 간격으로 혈액을 채취하고 72시간에 희생시켰다. 그 결과 다배란 용량의 PMSG 투여는 먼저 배란반응 및 난소중량을 대조군에 비하여 각각 4,7배 및 2.1배나 현저하게 (P<0.05) 증가시켰다. 그리고 혈청 LH농도는 Radioimmunoassay(RIA)에 의하여 결정되었는데, 먼저 두 군 모두 두 개의 분명한 peak을 가진 경시적 변화관계를 보였다. 즉 이들 두 군네 있어서 LH농도 변화는 0-18시간대에 처음으로 완만한 증가와 54-60시간대에 두번째는 급격한 증가(surge)를 보였다. 그러나 두 군간에 LH농도의 크기는 현저하게 달라, 다배란처치군의 동물에 있어서는 두번째의 LH peak에 앞서 전반적인 LH농도가 대조군보다 현저하게 (P<0.001) 높았으며, 반대로 PMSG 투여후 60시간에 일어나는 peak에 있어서는 LH농도가 대조군보다 현저하게 (P<0.001) 54%나 낮았다. 덧붙여 두 peak간의 증가폭은 대조근에 비하여 다배란 처치군에서 훨씬 낮았다. 본 열구 결과는 PMSG 처치된 래트에 있어서 두 가지의 분명한LH peak의 존재를 정의하며, 다배란 처치에 따른 난소과잉 자극과 내인성 LH surge의 감소와의 연관성을 밝힌다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.617-622
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• 2011

The study was conducted to determine the efficiency in producing spontaneous polyploids in some mandarin hybrids with different seed embryony. Seed formation by open pollination, frequency of spontaneous polyploids, and plant growth characteristics were evaluated in four mandarin hybrids with polyembryony such as 'Amakusa', 'Haruka', 'Hayaka', and 'Seminole' and two with monoembryony such as 'Benibae' and 'Harehime'. The mean number of the developed seeds per fruit was 10.0 and frequency of small seeds was 25.1%. Polyploids were selected from plants germinated in vitro by a flow cytometry and confirmed by chromosome analysis. One triploid was produced from 'Harehime', one tetraploid, 'Amakusa', and one tetrapoid, 'Benibae'. There were little differences in leaf shape, thickness, petiole length, and internode length between diploids and polyploids such as tri- or tetraploid. However, polyploids had larger stomata and lower density of stomata in abaxial epidermis than diploids. SPAS indicating chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were significantly affected by ploidy level. The results indicated that spontaneous polyploids might be produced by open pollination in some mandarin hybrids and monoembryony had higher frequency in polyploid occurrence than polyembryony.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2007

본 연구는 한우와 홀스타인 젖소에서 연속적인 다배란 처리 시 효율성 및 부작용에 대한 문제점을 연구하고자 다른 종간 다배란 처리효과를 비교, 조사하였다. 연속적인 다배란 처리를 위하여 estradiol benzoate(EB)와 CIDR plus, FSH 호르몬을 이용하여 한우에서는 17두, 젖소에서는 9두를 2회 이상 반복 이용하였다. 다난포 발생을 위해서는 FSH 호르몬을 이용하고 호르몬 처리 동기화를 위해서는 CER plus 기구를 질 내 삽입하였으며, 주요 조사 항목으로는 번식기관의 문제점, 배란 효율, 회수된 수정란 수, 우수 수정란 수 등을 분류하고, 종합적으로 종간 연속적인 다배란 효과를 비교, 조사하였다. 한우에서는 17두 중 4두(23.5%)에서 자궁경관의 협착이 발생하였고, 자궁 내에 손상이 발생하여 채란이 되지 않는 경우도 4두(23.5%)의 발생이 조사되었으나, 상대적으로 젖소에서는 9두 중 4두에서 일시적으로 배란이 전혀 일어나지 않는 경우가 있었다. 연속 처리 후 채란된 수정란의 수를 종합해 보면, 젖소에서는 평균 $4.3{\pm}3.4$개, 한우에서는 $2.7{\pm}2.5$개였으며, 종간 호르몬 효율과 연관된 배란율 조사에서는 한우에서는 89.7%, 젖소에서는 80.4%의 성적을 보였다. 또한, 3회까지 연속 다배란 처리를 한 결과, 한우나 젖소에서 채란된 수정란의 수는 비슷한 수준으로 채란되었다. 이와 같은 성적을 종합해 볼 때 EB제나 CIDR plus, FSH를 이용하여 1개월 주기로 연속적인 수정란 채란을 위한 다배란 처리가 소의 종에 무관하게 가능하다고 사료되지만 일시적으로 배란이 일어나지 않는 소에 대한 문제나 번식기관의 손상, 채란되는 수정란의 수가 적다는 것에 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.735-744
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• 1994

Catheters were placed into the external jugular veins of immature female rats. On the following day (day 28 of age), the animals were injected subcutaneously with pregnant mare serm gonadotropin(PMSG): 4IU(control) or 20IU(superovulation). Each animal was sequentially bled at Ohr and 12hr and subsequently at 6hr intervals until sacrifice at 72hr after PMSG. The superovulatory dose of PMSG significantly(P<0.05) increased the ovulatory response by 4.0 fold above controls. On the other hand, superovulated oocytes displayed considerably different stages of meiotic maturation: prophase I (14.7%), anaphase I (36.2%), telophase I (10.3%), metaphase I/II (32.4%), while in control rats a majority of the oocytes examined(94.0%) consistently showed a metaphase II configuration. Serum luteinizing hormone(LH) levels were determined by RIA. Both groups exhibited a similar time relationship with two distinct peaks: an initial slight rise at 0-18hr and a second sharp rise at 54-60hr. However, there was a marked change in the magnitude of LH levels between the two groups. In superovulated animals, prior to the second peak, overall LH levels were significantly(P<0.001) higher than controls. In contrast, at the peak occurring at 60hr, LH concentrations were significantly(P<0.001) reduced by 54% below that of control. Additionally, a maximum increase of mean ${\Delta}LH$ between two peaks was much less in superovulated as compared to control rats. The initial prolonged elevation of serum LH before 54hr in superovulated rats was found to result from actual cross-reaction of the injected PMSG with LH antibody in the assay, while a precipitous second elevation between 54hr and 60hr resulted primarily from an endogenous LH surge. This study clearly defines time-course features of serum LH in PMSG-treated rats. The overall results indicate that, following superovulatory treatment with PMSG, the increased ovulatory response is primarily associated with PMSG-derived intrinsic gonadotropin, and that the recovery of immature or asynchronously mature oocytes at ovulation may reult from the circulatory alteration of LH activity characterized by an initial prolonged elevation of serum LH and its subsequent attenuation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.203-204
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• 2015

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2002

멸종위기에 있는 우리나라 재래돼지의 안전한 보존을 위해서는 수정란 동결보존이 필수적이며 동결에 적합한 수정란 생산이 선행되어야 한다. PMSG/hCG 에 의한 돼지 체내수정란 생산 연구는 주로 대형종을 중심으로 이루어져 왔으며 우리나라 재래돼지와 같은 중소형종에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구는 다배란를 유도하기 위해 투여하는 PMSG/hCG 에 대한 우리나라 재래돼지의 난소반응과 외과적 채란에 의한 수정란 회수율을 구명함으로써 재래돼지 체내수정란 생산의 효율성을 높이기 위해 수행되었다. 18일 동안 20㎎/day의 Altrenogest(Regumate/sup R/, Intervert)로 발정주기를 동기화 시킨 미경산 재래돼지 11두를 3군으로 나누어 각각 500, 750, 1,000 IU의 PMSG(Folligon/sup R/, Intervert)를 주사하고 80-84시간 후 500 IU의 hCG(Chorulon/sup R/, Intervert)를 주사하여 다배란을 유도하였다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 1997

Superovulation with exogenous gonadotropins creates a spectrum of pre or periovulatory hormonal changes with subsequent detrimental effects on oocyte quality, fertilization, embryo development, implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. Our recent study determined potential roles for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in uterine environment regulation and preimplant tation in the rat. The evidence indicates that IGF-l may play an important role in the main tenance of a receptive uterine environment for embryonic development and the regulation of decidualization. Embryonic loss and failure of implantations following superovulation may be partially attributed to disturbances in uterine IGF-l action as observed in this study. We investigated the effects of superovulatory doses of gonadotropins on frequency of chromosomal a abnormalities of mouse embryos. Chromosome a analysis of mouse zygotes and 8- to 16-cell stage embryos from spontaneously ovulated, 5, 10, and l 15 lU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) superovulated mice was carried out. Aneuploidy, polyploidy and structural chrom- osomal abnormalities were detected among the four groups. However, only polyploidy was correlated with superovulation. In 10 and 15 IV PMSG treated groups, the rate of polypoidy was 2.9% and 10.5%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a dose reponse relationship between the PMSG dose and the incidence of embryonic p polyploidy (P

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2016

Citrus is an economically important fruit crop widely growing worldwide. However, citrus production largely depends on natural hybrid selection and bud sport mutation. Unique botanical features including long juvenility, polyembryony, and QTL that controls major agronomic traits can hinder the development of superior variety by conventional breeding. Diverse factors including drastic changes of citrus production environment due to global warming and changes in market trends require systematic molecular breeding program for early selection of elite candidates with target traits, sustainable production of high quality fruits, cultivar diversification, and cost-effective breeding. Since the construction of the first genetic linkage map using isozymes, citrus scientists have constructed linkage maps using various DNA-based markers and developed molecular markers related to biotic and abiotic stresses, polyembryony, fruit coloration, seedlessness, male sterility, acidless, morphology, fruit quality, seed number, yield, early fruit setting traits, and QTL mapping on genetic maps. Genes closely related to CTV resistance and flesh color have been cloned. SSR markers for identifying zygotic and nucellar individuals will contribute to cost-effective breeding. The two high quality citrus reference genomes recently released are being efficiently used for genomics-based molecular breeding such as construction of reference linkage/physical maps and comparative genome mapping. In the near future, the development of DNA molecular markers tightly linked to various agronomic traits and the cloning of useful and/or variant genes will be accelerated through comparative genome analysis using citrus core collection and genome-wide approaches such as genotyping-by-sequencing and genome wide association study.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.502-508
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methods of identifying zygotic seedlings of crosses between 'Morita unshiu' (Citrus. unshiu Marc.) and 'Ponkan' (C. reticulata Blanco). In order to investigate the frequency and position of zygotic seedlings and to determine the efficiency of zygotic seedling identification, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) were performed using UBC (9, 27, 229, 230, and 254) primers and F4/R27, F7/R14, F12/R10, and F44/R62 primer sets, respectively. A total of 37 putative zygotic seedlings out of 55 individuals were selected by RAPD and SRAP. The F7/R14 primer pair showed a screening ability of 45.5% (25/55), whereas the primer UBC27 revealed the highest efficiency of zygotic seedling identification (50.9%, 28/55). When both UBC27 and F7/R14 were properly used for selection of hybridized seedlings of 'Morita unshiu' (C. unshiu Marc.) and 'Ponkan' (C. reticulata Blanco), screening efficiency was increased to 60% (33/55) for putative zygotic seedlings. Thus, it is possible to select putative hybrid zygotic seedlings in an accurate and effective manner by RAPD and SRAP.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2010

An investigation was carried out to obtain basic information needed to develop methods for artificial propagation and conservation of the mottled skate Raja pulchra, an important food resource in western Korea that has declined from overfishing. In this paper we provide evidence of multiple spawning and describe properties of the ovary, and morphology of the egg capsule and the fully-formed offspring. The vitellogenic follicles in the ovary was $179.8{\pm}57.1$ (54~247) and can be classified into five size groups, which the last group of ova are considered as the moving to the capsule gland where fertilization and encapsulation of ova take place. The morphology of the egg capsule of R. pulchra is unique among the species of the family Rajidae and showed multi-embryo characteristics, having two to six yolks in each capsule. The adaptive morphological changes of larvae developing inside the egg capsule are described based on specimens extracted from the capsule.