• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

It was studied how using soft contact lens multi-purpose solution (MPS), often used for medical treatment, effects the inhibition on cell growth, and how using the MPS demages eye cells, on rabbit eye's corneal epithelium and endothelium tissue. $ReNu^{(R)}$ (Baush & Lomb, USA), Opti-free $express^{(R)}$ (Alcon, USA), Free-sol $plus^{(R)}$ (Hanamedicon, Korea) were used as MPS. After culturing Clone 1-5C-4 cell lines (Human conjunctival cell lines), cell growth inhibition rate was measured by MIT assay. By making Hematoxylin and Eosin stain specimen, the morphology was observed by optical microscope. In the In vivo experiment, 9 white rabbit eyes (18 eyes) were classified into 3 groups. The experiment group is left eyes (9 eyes) of rabbit, and MPS were dropped; however the control group, the right eyes (9 eyes), were only used a saline solution without a preservatives. After the dropping within the period, the cornea surface of rabbit endothelium tissue was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2010

Purpose: An in vitro study was conducted to compare the lipid cleaning efficacy of care solutions on balafilcon A silicone hydrogel (SiHy) lens. Methods: Lipid spoilation was performed by incubating balafilcon A SiHy lenses in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing oleic acid, oleic acid methyl ester and cholesterol. Spoiled contact lenses rinsed with PBS were cleaned with surfactant cleaner, alcohol containing cleaner and multipurpose solution (MPS) respectively and repetitive spoilation and cleaning was conducted up to 14 times. To observe the cleaning effect of ultrasonic wave on the lipid deposit, each spoiled lens was ultrasonicated and then compared with non-sonicated lens. Lipids deposit on the contact lenses was extracted by methanol:chloroform (1:1, v/v) solution. High performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze and quantify lipid deposit extracts. Results: The effectiveness of alcohol containing surfactant cleaner on the lipid deposits was better than that of surfactant cleaner and MPS, and the cleaning efficacy was significantly higher in the ultrasonic wave treated group. Lipid deposits were not removed completely by contact lens care solutions so that lipid deposits increased continuously and cumulatively. Conclusions: The cleaning efficacy of contact lens care solutions was not satisfactory to remove lipid deposits on the SiHy lens that new cleaning products specially designed for SiHy lenses are needed to develop.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.428-433
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• 2003

We measured the effect of wettability of six MPSs for RGP(rigid gas permeable) lens. The used MPSs(multipurpose solutions) were OPTI-SOAK(ALCON), SOLO care hard(CIBA Vision), Total care(ALLERGAN), Simplicity(BOSTON), Wetting and Soaking Sol.(Bausch & Lomb) and Aquas-multi(Saehan). These MPSs keeps hydrophilic property of lens surface and increase the effect of cleaning or increase the effect of preservative effect. To compare with the effect of wettability we followed the way of contact angle measurement which was general way to measure wettability and compared lens which was conducted by each MPS made by different companies. As a control, 0.9% NaCl solution and artificial tears were used. The degree of the effect of wettability was decided by contact angle. It is hydrophilic property nearby $0^{\circ}$ of contact angle and it is closed by hydrophobic property as it increases. The results showed that every lens was nearby hydrophilic property within $25\;^{\circ}-36\;^{\circ}$. Also, it was differed by various factors. The surface tension showed various differences between 19.8 and 31.3 mN/m. In the viscosity, MPSs represented the highest viscosity between $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. It was much higher than compared with the viscosity of soft lens MPS. This experiment could be used to grasping the interaction between solutions used to MPS and the natural endowments of lens and to considering the relations of different factors effecting the wettability.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate whether the elution of the dyes from the circle contact lenses existed or not when rubbed with cotton swab. Methods: The change of lens surface was observed by scanning electron microscope when a total of seven kinds of circle contact lens were rubbed with cotton swab, and the dye elution was further compared when the lenses were soaked in multi-purpose solution in $20^{\circ}C$ and $36.5^{\circ}C$ for a week. Results: Five of a total of 7 circle contact lenses showed the dye elution from the front or the back surface of the lens when rubbed with cotton swabs, and existence of dye elution was varied depending on the type of contact lenses and different at the front and back surface even in the same lens. The tear-off of the pigmented portion by the rubbing was found through scanning electron microscopic observation when the dye elution existed. However, the dye was not eluted when the circle contact lenses was soaked in a multi-purpose solution in $20^{\circ}C$ or $36.5^{\circ}C$ for a week. Ingredient of colorant was not provided by the manufacturers in more than 50% of the circle contact lenses investigated for this study and the basic information such as the pigmentation method was provided inappropriately. Conclusions: In this study, the result was the dye elution from circle contact lenses was obtained when a physical force is applied thus, it may appear to contribute the development of circle contact lenses and safety of lens wear.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate antimicrobial activity of ally derivative of garlic against eye diseases, and to get basic data for an application development of the derivative, as a natural preservative, to multi-purpose solution (MPS). Methods: Antimicrobial activity of allyl derivative of garlic, diallyl sulfide (DAS), against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphyloccus aereus (S. aereus) was determined. After DAS treatment in MPS of no microbial activity, its growth inhibition effect to bacteria was also determined. Results: DAS concentrations of $IC_{50}$ against P. aeruginosa and S. aereus were found when both bacteria were treated with DAS concentration of 0.25% and 0.64%, respectively. At MPS test, a product from Company A did not show any effects against both bacteria, but one from Company B showed antimicrobial activity against both bacteria. Antimicrobial activity test of the product from Company B in MPS did not showed any significant difference on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. For a trial application of antimicrobial activity of DAS as a natural preservative, DAS was added to MPS of Company A which did not show any antimicrobial activity at treated concentration. Addition of DAS into MPS of Company A resulted in antimicrobial activity of DAS, which suggested a possible application of DAS as a germicide for contact lenses. Conclusions: This study showed allyl derivative of garlic has antimicrobial activity against both P. aeruginosa and against S. aereus, but more effects on P. aeruginosa. The result suggests that allyl derivative derived from garlic can be developed to a preservative of MPS as a natural substance.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.509-515
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• 2017

Purpose: To compare the amoebicidal effects of nephrite containing contact lens (CL) storage cases with conventional CL storage cases. Methods: Acanthamoeba lugdunensis were inoculated onto 5% nephrite containing CL storage cases as well as conventional CL storage cases both with and without silicone hydrogel contact lenses (SHCLs). Then the amount of Acanthamoeba proliferation on CL storage cases and the number of adherent Acanthamoeba on SHCLs were determined and compared. The effects of multipurpose solution (MPS) with and without 1% or 5% nephrite solution on Acanthamoeba adhesion were analyzed. Results: Nephrite containing CL storage cases showed more inhibitory effects on Acanthamoeba proliferation (p = 0.02) and significantly reduced the number of adherent Acanthamoeba on SHCLs compared with conventional CL storage cases, regardless of SHCLs generation (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The number of adherent Acanthamoeba on the first generation of SHCLs was significantly reduced by MPS with 1% and 5% nephrite solutions (p = 0.03 and p = 0.004, respectively), but the numbers for the second and third generation SHCLs were not. Conclusions: Nephrite could be used as a new additive component for CL storage cases and multipurpose solutions to improve the disinfection effects on Acanthamoeba.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2003

We measured the effect of wettability of six MPSs for RGP lens. The used MPSs(multipurpose solutions) were OPTI-SOAK(ALCON), SOLO care hard(CIBA Vision), Total care(ALLERGAN), Simplicity(BOSTON). Wetting and Soaking Sol.(Bausch & Lomb) and Aquas-multi(Saehan). These MPSs keeps hydrophilic property of lens surface and increase the effect of cleaning or increase the effect of preservative effect. To compare with the effect of wettability we followed the way of contact angle measurement which was general way to measure wettability and compared lens which was conducted by each MPS made by different companies. As a control, 0.9% NaCl solution and artificial tears were used. The degree of the effect of wettability was decided by contact angle. It is hydrophilic property nearby $0^{\circ}$ of contact angle and it is closed by hydrophobic property as it increases. To compare with the effect of wettability we followed the way of contact angle measurement which was general way to measure wettability and compared lens which was conducted by each MPS made by different companies. As a control, 0.9% NaCl solution and artificial tears were used. The degree of the effect of wettability was decided by contact angle. It is hydrophilic property nearby $0^{\circ}$ of contact angle and it is closed by hydrophobic property as it increases. The results showed that every lens was nearby hydrophilic property within $25^{\circ}{\sim}36^{\circ}$. Also, it was differed by various factors. The surface tension showed various differences between 19.8 and 31.3(mN/m). In the viscosity, MPSs represented the highest viscosity between $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. It was much higher than compared with the viscosity of soft lens MPS. This experiment could be used to grasping the interaction between solutions used to MPS and the natural endowments of lens and to considering the relations of different factors effecting the wettability.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 1996

In this study, contact lens care solutions were compared to each other for cytotoxic effect on cultured mouse fibroblasts by the use of neutral red(NR) assay. This study tested the cytotoxicity of 12 cleaning solutions, 2 lubricants and 5 multipurpose solutions(MPS) at 1%, 2%, 3% and 5% concentrations. These solutions are manufactured in Korea and foreign countries. The relative cytotoxic comparison of these solutions showed that some of them are toxic, three of the cleaning solutions were especially highly toxic 10 cells, so most fibroblasts were dead at 1% concentration. The toxic cleaning solutions have more components than other solutions. But both lubricants and MPSs are non-cytotoxic 10 cells. Some of these solutions did not have any descriptions or indications. They are very dangerous to eyes. From this study, contact lens care solutions should be tested for cytotoxic effects.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2002

The Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) was developped in 1960's and later the use of contact lenses increased. At present more and more people use RGP contact lenses. Due to the wide range of optical corrections available and due to their high oxygen transmission Japanese and Korean people like them. Nevertheless one of nine CL users(beginners) stopped wearing the CL within the first year. We conducted a survey to evaluate the level of patient compliance in lens care and maintenance and to assess practitioner knowledge of contact lens information. Generally 6% of contact lens wearers drop out per year. The aim of this research was to find out what opticians can do to reduce the drop-out rate by getting information on handling, on general data of the patient and on optical prescription. Lens wearer were asked to complete a 10 question survey that focused on lens care-wear modality, lens replacement, storage, symptoms and case disinfection. There were total 180 participants in the study. Most of contact lens wearers have an inadequate understanding of contact lens care system. Therefore, it is important that contact lens specialists place more emphasis on practitioner education about general contact lens fields and reinforce patient education during the dispensing visit.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the actual condition of caring soft contact lens cases and the change in contamination level of lens cases by wearing and storage period of soft contact lens. Methods: The actual condition of caring soft lens cases was surveyed with sixty-three of contact lens wearers. Soft contact lenses were worn for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, and the lenses were separately stored in 12 lens cases for 1, 3 and 7 days. The contamination level of lens cases was determined by counting the numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi. Results: Only 14% of survey answerers cleaned their lens cases with a brush, rinsed and dried them upside down before next usage of lens case when those lenses were kept for a long time. Furthermore, 54% of total answerers just kept soft contact lens in the case without changing the multipurpose solution. Microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi were detected in lens cases even when soft contact lens were kept for 1 day in the lens case after wearing for 1 day and cleaning it with multipurpose solution. The numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi in lens cases increased with storage periods of soft contact lens, and also contamination level of lens cases was increased in accordance with wearing period of lens. In the lens cases without changing multipurpose solution, the numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi increased with storage period of lens with statistical significance. Conclusions: This study showed that lens wearers' concerns on caring contact lens case were not satisfactory. As the result, the contamination of lens cases was related to increase of lens wearing and storage periods suggesting that the proper instruction and education for lens wearers are required.