• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.311-322
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to ascertain pattern design element in traditional palaces among those in the neighboring three nations of East Asia, notably Korea, China and Japan. The basic assumption underlying this study is that these northeastern Asian states have been developed a unique inter-cultural ties over long periods of time in history, culminating in their respective design cultures. Undoubtly the ultimate goal to be pursued, by so doing, has to be inquiry into the identical prototype of Korean pattern design element. In the West, the pattern is appreciated by an aesthetic level, but the East Asian pattern is a symbolic alphabet deeply rooted in religious and folk beliefs. The difference of the respective country comes from the expression style of the pattern the Chinese express the magnificent pattern with various color, the Korean do the moderate pattern with harmonious color with the nature and the Japanese do the stylized pattern with the material color. To sum up similarities and dissimilarities among the design element in traditional palaces of Korea, China, and Japan is as the following : It is to be noticed that the mainly common characteristics of the artistic design are 'naturalism', 'harmonious ideas 'and 'confucianism'. But the representation style of the design element is differed from the country.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2017

Purpose: From August 2017, hospice-palliative care (HPC) will be provided to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and liver cirrhosis in Korea. To contribute to building a non-cancer (NC) hospice-palliative care model, NC specialists were interviewed regarding the goals, details, and provision methods of the model. Methods: Four physicians specializing in HPC of cancer patients formulated a semi-structured interview with questions extracted from literature review of 85 articles on NC HPC. Eleven NC disease specialists were interviewed, and their answers were analyzed according to the qualitative content analysis process. Results: The interviewees said as follows: It is difficult to define end-stage NC patients. HPC for cancer patients and that for NC patients share similar goals and content. However, emphasis should be placed on alleviating other physical symptoms and emotional care rather than pain control. Timing of the care provision should be when patients are diagnosed as "end stage". Special issues should be considered for each NC disease (e.g., use of anti-retroviral drugs for AIDS patients, oxygen supply for COPD patients suffering from dyspnea, liver transplantation for patients with liver cirrhosis) and education should be provided to healthcare professionals. NC patients tend to negatively perceive HPC, and the government's financial assistance is insufficient. Conclusion: It is necessary to define end-stage NC patients through in-depth discussion to minimize issues that will likely accompany the expansion of care recipients. This requires cooperation between medical staff caring for NC patients and HPC givers for cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.64-73
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• 2011

This study starts from the hypothesis that the information society has affected the layman's interpretation and production of content. Specifically, the manner and contents of communication concerning the landscape of Soonyoo-do Park in blogs are surveyed and the possibilities and limitations of this phenomenon are discussed. The following topics are dealt with. Firstly, what is the landscape of Seonyoodo Park as captured by bloggers? What type of landscape do bloggers respond to? Secondly, what is the unique way that bloggers capture and interpret the landscape? Thirdly, What are the possibilities and limitations discovered from the landscape as captured and interpreted by bloggers? Thus, 1,000 blog posts concerning Soonyoo-do Park, as culled from the Internet, were categorized into three areas, First are blog posts browsed by keywords such as 'photo', 'a photographer's visit', 'a good p1ace for taking photos', and 'landscape'. These are focused on the visual aspects of the landscape. The second category is posts under the keywords 'domestic travel', 'Seoul travel', 'travel', and 'recommendation'. They contain introductory information on Seonyoodo Park; that is, they focus cm the more utilitarian functions of Seonyoodo Park as a place. The third one is posts that record personal experiences. The subjects for photography are the bloggers themselves and their companions. As a result of studying the way bloggers deal with landscape, it was found that first, people have developed the ability to capture the landscape and interpret the landscape actively and independently. This process can be regarded as the reproduction of landscape and place. In addition, the recording of their appreciation and feeling overlaps with evaluation and assumption. One negative aspect, however, is that many bloggers dramatize and repeat similar scenes. This can be seen as a make-up of image. The limitations of this study include difficulty in interpretation because blogs, which are the objects of this study, are very subjective and personal. In addition, it was not easy to categorize posts because there were diverse images and a broad range of writing. Nevertheless, practitioners of landscape architecture should continue to monitor and use one-person media like blogs, because the relationship between modern man and the landscape can be better understood through them.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to find the visual characteristics and geographic structure in a landscape of mountains in Yangsan City. In order to carry out this study, 40 view points of 6 mountains in Yangsan City were selected to experience the mountainscape. The results are as follows. The mountainscape of Yangsan City was confirmed from the view point to the object of view as ranging in middle distance reverse, the angle of elevation 11${\sim}13^{\circ}$ which give the impression of confronted to the mountain, and the horizontal angle 50${\sim}90^{\circ}$ which gives the impression of vastness. This shows that mountainscapes are perceived impressively when seeing the mountain with the meaning to feel the texture of the mountain as a confrontational relationship rather than a pictorial relationship. The geographic structure of the view point which occurs in scenes of impressive experience is classified into eight types and its characteristics are investigated. The first type is corridor, and it emerges in a long narrow linear structure made from the surrounding environment with buildings or street trees. The second is tunnel in which a vision and light hidden while passing underneath a bridge, high-level road, or inside a tunnel can be seen. Third, the maze is formed by the mountain shape. The hill spur emerges when the direction of traffic changes after turning the coner of a building or mountain edge. The hill ground emerges at the top of a hill slope. Next, parallel emerges when the observer and the mountain are in the same direction of process. Confrontation occurs when confronting an isolated mountain. Finally, the view point emerges when passing through major points such as a bridge or square and the boundary of a village or city. This research arranged visual conditions that create impressive mountainscapes. Geographic characteristics in terms of Types that make possible to experience mountainscapes were described. The results of this research will be basic data collected for the management and preservation of mountainscapes and for landscape effect evaluation. Furthermore, this research suggests theoretical evidence to preserve and manage geographic structures that create view experiences as well as to preserve the landscape in terms of view points.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.650-654
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• 2008

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) and mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are both independently inherited disorders. GSD is a member of a group of genetic disorders involving enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. GSD leads to abnormal tissue concentrations of glycogen, primarily in the liver, muscle, or both. MPS is a member of a group of inherited lysosomal storage diseases, which result from a deficiency in specific enzymatic activities and the accumulation of partially degraded acid mucopolysaccharides. A case of a 16-month-old boy who presented with hepatomegaly is reported. The liver was four finger-breadth-palpable. A laboratory study showed slightly increased serum AST and ALT levels. The liver biopsy showed microscopic features compatible with GSD. The liver glycogen content was 9.3% which was increased in comparison with the reference limit, but the glucose-6-phosphatase activity was within the normal limit. These findings suggested GSD other than type I. Bony abnormalities on skeletal radiographs, including an anterior beak and hook-shaped vertebrae, were seen. The mucopolysaccharide concentration in the urine was increased and the plasma iduronate sulfatase activity was low, which fulfilled the diagnosis criteria for Hunter syndrome (MPS type II). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of GSD and Hunter syndrome being identified at the same time.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2005

Purpose: To provide the basic data in developing the nursing intervention for patients who have symptoms of insomnia after undergoing hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This was achieved through investigating sleep quality and sleep patterns according to admission time, and discharge time. Methods: Data was put together by studying 52 HSCT patients who have been admitted to the department of HSCT from August 2002 to August 2003, in a university hospital. Research instruments used were, PSQI for sleep quality and a specified questionnaire for sleep patterns. Results: The PSQI regarding the past mono which was measured at the last day of hospitalization, was 11.8. This was significantly higher than 5.3, which was a measurement for the past month before the hospitalization (t=11.41, P=0.000). Looking at it with 7 categories-quality of sleep, consistency of sleep, sleep period, effectiveness of sleep, sleeping disorder, usage of sleeping pills, impediment of daily life- the PSQI for a month after admission increased significantly compared to the rate measured for a month before admission. Comparing the subjects sleep pattern before and after admission, it showed a significant difference regarding time attending sleep, time it takes to sleep, wake-up time, total time of sleep, day time sleep, number of times waking up during sleep, number of usage of sleeping pills, actions that are taken during sleep disorder, reasons for insomnia. Conclusion: The PSQI score of patients who undergo hemopoietic stem cell transplantation have increased significantly after hospitalization. Compared to the change of sleep patterns when hospitalized, significant changes were observed. Therefore nursing interventions addressing sleep are needed.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.361-390
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• 2018

Users of KakaoTalk emoticons use Kakao Talk emoticons as means of communicating their emotions in virtual space. Emotional state is represented by design element (auxiliary, color, form, motion) and storytelling element contained in emoticons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of the storytelling and design elements of kakaoTalk emoticons and how they prefer the kakaoTalk emoticons as emotional expression means. In terms of storytelling, crocodiles, peaches, dogs, ducks, lions, moles, and rabbits were made up of ordinary fruits and animals. Most of the emoticons are composed of stories with unique personality, and each story has a complex one by one, which makes it easy for users to approach and use them. In terms of design, I used various auxiliary elements (flame, sweat, tears, runny nose, angry eyes, etc.) to express angry, sincere, nervous, begging, joy, and sadness. The color elements consisted of most of the warm color series with the unique colors (green, red, yellow, pink, white, black, brown, etc.) of emoticon characters regardless of feelings of joy, anger, sadness, pleasure. The form factor is composed of a round shape when expressing factors such as joy and sadness. On the other hand, when FRODO and NEO express sadness and anger, they represent the shape of a rectangle. The motion elements are horizontal, vertical, and oblique expressions of APPEACH, NEO, TUBE, and JAY-G, expressing emotional expressions of sadness, anger, and pleasure. APEACH, TUBE, MUZI & / Shows the dynamic impression of the oblique and the radiation / back / forward / rotation. The anger of TUBE and FRODO shows horizontal / vertical / diagonal and radial motion. As a result of this study, storytelling is structured in accordance with each emoticon character. In terms of design, auxiliary elements such as flame, sweat, and tears are represented by images. The color elements used the unique colors of the character series regardless of the difference of emotion. The form factor represented various movements for each emotion expression. These findings will contribute to the development of communication, emotional design and industrial aspects. Despite the significance of the above paper, I would like to point out that the analysis framework of the storytelling and the semiotic analysis of the supplementary elements are not considered as limitations of the study.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.82-93
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to explore attitude and belief about menopause and severity of menopausal symptoms according to menopausal status. This study conducted a cross-sectional assessment of the effects of depressive symptoms and the severity of trait anxiety on the severity of menopausal symptoms. Methods : Participants were all outpatients at the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Korea University Guro Hospital. All participants, aged 40 to 64, had depressive or anxiety disorders and were divided into the premenopause, perimenopause, premenopause, and postmenopause groups. Menopause Rating Scale(MRS) was used to measure the severity of menopausal symptoms. The attitude toward menopause was examined by a self-report questionnaire regarding menopause. Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) were used to assess depressive symptoms and anxiety. Results : The severity of menopausal symptoms was not different among the groups according to menopausal status. There was a significant correlation between a negative attitude toward menopause and the severity of menopausal symptoms. Patients with moderate to severe depressive symptoms and trait anxiety had more severe menopausal symptoms. Conclusion : Negative attitude toward menopause, depressive symptoms, and anxiety had a significantly negative impact on the severity of menopausal symptoms. The results of this study suggest that treatment to relieve depressive symptoms and anxiety and intervention to reduce negative attitude toward menopause are required. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to evaluate potentially effects of depressive symptoms and anxiety on severity of menopausal symptoms in middle-aged female psychiatric patients.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.611-622
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• 2006

Fatty acid compositions and physicochemical properties of feta cheese made from bovine milk were studied. Nutritional compositions of feta cheese were fat 22.79%, protein 10.57% with moisture content of 59.87%. The log cfu/g of lactic acid bacteria in bovine feta cheese decreased from 10.25 to 7.95 and pH also changed from pH 6.22 to pH 5.55 during storage at 4℃ for 14 d aging. The color of feta cheese turned into more whitish (L-value, 100.1) with a red (a-value, 4.6) and gray (b-value,－4.1) color after 14day's aging. For the texture profile analysis of bovine feta cheese, resilience was increased significantly (p<0.01) throughout the aging periods and adhesiveness was rapidly increased right after progressing of aging at both temperatures, but no difference was found between the aging periods. Hardness, fracturability, gumminess and chewiness were gradually increased at 0℃, but no statistical significances were found. Springiness and cohesiveness were not changed at both temperatures. In organoleptic evaluations, organoleptic intensities in sweetness, milky taste and saltiness were significantly enhanced over those of the control cheese at the level of p<0.01, and masticatory texture at p<0.05 with the progress of aging to 14d. Organoleptic preferences were significantly (p<0.01) enhanced except smell, color, mouth feel, and masticatory texture with the aging. In the fatty acid compositions of feta cheese analyzed by gas chromatography, the content of SFA (52.61%) was slight higher than that of USFA (47.39%) composed with MUFA (28.98%) and PUFA (18.41%). Among the nutritionally important fatty acids; ω6 (9.27%) and ω3 (0.55%) fatty acids, CLA (0.12%), arachidonic acid (0.19%) and DHA (0.12%) were also found in bovine feta cheese.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.159-172
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• 1989

This study was conducted to compare the date on knowledge, attitude and motivation toward blood donation between donors and nondonors. The study population included 622 donors and 322 nondonors who visited the mobile blood donation car of Taegu Red Cross Blood Center and participated the group appointed blood donation campaign managed by the center from March 1 to March 31, 1989. The donors and nondonors were questioned above mentioned items with a formulated questionnaire. Among the general characteristics of the subjects in the study, male predominace(84.1% in donors and 73.6% in nondonors) in young age group (16-24 years) was the outstanding feature. As a medium of information about blood donation, "television" was playing a dominant role(donors ; 75.2%, nondonors ; 78.9%), while "magazine"played more important roles among donors. Of the donors, 70.6% and of the nondonors, 58.1% replied that they had ever been induced to donate blood (p<0.01). Major inducers were friend and personnel of mobile blood donation vehicle. On the measuring of knowledge level, the average rates of correct answer was higher in donors (62.6%) than in nondonors (54.1%) (p<0.01). Higher the education level was presented, higher the knowledge level (p<0.05). There have been noticeable difference between donors and nondonors in blood replying the questionnaire set to measure their attitude toward blood donation. especially in the items such as "impression toward blood", "selection of transfusion blood source" and "view on the situation of blood shortage." The major motivation toward blood donation of the groups were "possible future need" and "altruism or humanitarian interest". The major reasons for not donating blood in both groups were "fear of the needle" and around to visit to mobile car or center."