• 사료
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• s.7
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• pp.4-28
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• 2004

태국등동남아시아국가에서 시발된가금인플루엔자가 2003년 12월국내에서처음으로발생되었다. 가금인플루엔자의발생은 비단양계산물뿐만 아니라전체축산물의소비를급감시키며 우리축산업의 생산기반을크게위축시키는결과를 가져왔다. 이는가축질병에 대한 잘못된이해와언론의 그릇된보도의 탓도있으나결국 가장큰원인은 소비자들의축산물 안전성에대한요구를수용치못한 결과이다. 향후 축산물 안전성에 대한소비자들의 욕구는 더욱증대될것이며, 이를 충족시키지못하는 경우축산물에대한소비자들의기피현상은 보다 근본적이고 장기적인 경향으로나타날 수있다. 기히수입개방되어 있는 축산업시장에칠레와의자유무역협정을시작으로 축산물에 대한 관세철폐가현실로다가온시점에서우리 축산물의시장개혁을 위해서는 외국축산물과의차별화 즉, 소비자들의가장큰관심사인 축산물안전성을제고시키는것이다. 이에 국내에서주로발생하거나재발가능성이 높은주요가축질병에 대한증상 및 예방대책등을 알아본다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.78-81
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• 2009

저멀리 북아메리카에서 신종 인플루엔자 A(H1N1)가 발생해 곧이어 국내에도 감염자가 입국했다는 뉴스가 긴급하게 보도 되었다. 다행히 추가 감염자 발생으로 이어지지 않았지만 불안감을 떨쳐 낼 수 없는 것이 현실이다. 이로 인해 국민들의 시선은 자연스럽게 축산물에 대한 안전성 문제에 대해 의혹의 시선으로 바라보고 있다. 또한 소비자들이 축산물에 대한 지식이 높아만 가고 있는 현실에서 우리 양계인들이 소비자들의 높은 인식을 따라가지 못한다는 지적이다. 따라서 본회는 질병관리에 대한 예방법과 중요성을 재인식시키고 교육과 토론을 같이 공유 할 수 있는'전국닭질병방역순회세미나'를 개최 하였다. 수도권을 시작해 세차례에 걸쳐 전국을 순회하는 이번 세미나는 5월 15일 충북음성의 '반석가금진료연구소', 5월 18일 전북 전주의 '삼성생명전주연구소', 제주도 '칼 호텔'에서 연 인원 650여명이 참석해 질병세미나에 대한 뜨거운 관심을 보여주었다. 특히, 제주도는 뉴캣슬(ND) 및 조류인플루엔자(AI)의 청정지역으로서 신종질병 등에 대해 다시한번 재인식을 할 수 있는 기회가 되었다. 본고는 세미나 기간 중 주요하게 다루어졌던 내용을 중심으로 정리를 함으로써 세미나에 참여하지 못한 농가들에게 도움을 주고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2004

The present experiment was carried out to study the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease(ND), ND virus (NDV) antigens and genes in various organs from NDV inoculated chickens were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Immunohistochemically, NDV antigens were detected in the spleen, thymus, cecal tonsil, proventriculus, trachea and lungs at 12 hour post-inoculation (hpi). Viral antigens were localized mainly in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes and macrophages. After 48 hpi, clinical findings of the affected chickens were open-mouth breathing, conjunctivitis, watery diarrhea and edema around the eye and neck. After 72 hpi, chickens showed muscular tremor, paralysis of the legs and wings, and coma. Histopathological results consist of multi-focal necrosis with hemorrhages in lymphoid aggregates of the intestinal tracts, necrosis of the lymphoid tissues, neuronal degeneration and necrosis, and perivascular cuffing. Using RT-PCR, virus genes were detected in the spleen and proventriculus at 48 hpi, and in the brain at 60 hpi.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine whether the vaccination programs for the control of Newcastle disease(ND) would affect the immune status of Ogol chicken in Yeonsan, Chungnam province. The results obstained are summerized as followes ; 1. Maternal antibody titers level of Ogol chickes was 2 $log_2$. 2. The efficacy of the Newcastle spray and drinking water vaccine was evaluated by the antibody responses and the protection rates(over 90% ) after challenge with a virulent Newcastle disease vims at 14 days. 3. Spray vaccine caused on visible side reaction like respiratory symptoms, but it is declined of the 4~5 days.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the immune response of layers fed diets supplemented with excess micronutrients, i.e., vitamin A, methionine, Zn, Cu, and Fe to the inoculation of Newcastle disease vaccine(NDV) or infectious bronchitis vaccine(IBV). The antibody titer against the NDV increased immediately after the inoculation and stayed high during the next 6 wk. On the other hand, The antibody titer against the IBV increased after 4 wk of inoculation The IgM level increased rapidly after 1 wk of NDV inoculation, however, it decreased after 5 wk of inoculation. The IgA displayed similar pattern to that of IgM in response to NDV inoculation. The pattern of IgM change after IBV inoculation was similar to that when layers were treated with NDV. However, IgA level changed earlier than did IgM. The IgG response to the NDV and IBV was very weak compared to the other immune responses. The excess supplementation of micronutrients to the diets of layers inoculated with NDV elicited favorable antibody titer and immune response compared to the layers fed the control diet. The excess Zn, however, allowed the layers to have higher antibody titer for the 4-wk period after NDV injection: after that they showed no effect of extra-Zn. The immune responses of layers fed excess vitamin A, Cu, methionine, and Fe were markedly higher in IgA and IgG than the control layers. The excess Zn, however, did not bring about any favorable result. No difference was detected in IgG level between control and micronutrients-treated groups.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2001

Pathologic changes and distribution of viral antigen as determined by immunohistochemistry were compared among 4-wk-old specific-pathogen free (SPF) chickens inoculated intratracheally with velogenic vis-cerotropic Newcastle disease virus isolated in Korea. Although the pattern of organ involvement and severity of lesion was different among chickens infected with different velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease (VVND) viruses, the pathological types of lesion was similar among the chickens. Severe lymphocytic necrosis and depletion were main histologic lesions in the immune related organs such as thymus, Fabricius bursa and spleen. The frequency of IP positive staining was variable depends on the types of tissues but not types of the kinds of VVND viruses infected. Brain, Fabricius bursa, thymus, cecal tonsil and trachea were IP positive with fairly high frequency and spleen, lung, proventriculus, intestine, pancreas, liver, kidney, heart and Harderian gland were with relatively low frequency. These results suggest that histologic evaluation and viral antigen specific immunohistochemical staining methods to determine virus distribution will be useful for pathogenic study of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus infection in chicken.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.351-362
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• 2002

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious infection of poultry, Two pathology-based techniques, in situ RT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) were applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from chickens naturally infected with velogenic ND virus (VNDV). Two pairs of primers and a probe for ISH and in situ RT-PCR, respectively, were selected from highly conserved region of matrix gene of NDV. The ISH experiment was carried out using MicroProbe$^{TM}$ capillary action system within 2 hours. In situ RT-PCR was performed using MicroProbe$^{TM}$ capillary action system and GeneAmp In Situ PCR system. With ISH and in situ RT-PCR, viral nucleic acid was detected in the central nervous system of chickens from infected with neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NVNDV), whereas viral nucleic acid was detected in various organs or tissues of chickens from infected with viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus (VVNDV). In the NVND group, positive signals were characteristically defined in the cytoplasm of neuron, vascular endothelial cells, and perivascular mononuclear macrophages in the central nervous system. One of NVND group, chicken from one farm exhibited positive signals in the bronchial epithelium. The VVND group chickens showed positive reaction in the macrophages, vascular endothelium, and bronchiolar epithelium. Markedly, viral nucleic acid was detected in the macrophages of morphologically normal tissues which were peripheral or located in distant areas from lesions. The central nervous system of chickens infected with VVND virus had positive signals in the vascular endothelial cell, perivascular mononuclear macrophages and some neuron. The number and intensity of the positive cells by in situ RT-PCR were more and stronger, respectively, in comparison with those by ISH. Particularly, positive reaction was detected in macrophages infiltrating in cardiac muscle by in situ RT-PCR, but not obtained by ISH. Therefore, these results demonstrated that ISH is a rapid diagnostic method for detection of NDV and in situ RT-PCR can be used as an efficient method for detection of low viral load infection or subclinical viral infection of NDV.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2012

The study was undertaken to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of rapid Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) combo antigen kits from field samples of domestic (broiler and layer chicken, native chicken) and semi-domestic (duck, goose, pigeon and quail) birds of Bangladesh. Samples were collected from naturally infected AI suspected domestic and semi-domestic birds of five different outbreak areas in Bangladesh. From each area two birds were selected for sampling, and from each bird three types of samples (tracheal, cloacal and oro-nasal swabs) were collected. A total of 210 field samples from a total of 70 birds were collected and tested using AI and NDV combo antigen rapid diagnostic kits in the study. All three different samples from a bird showed similar pattern of reaction. Out of 210 samples, 15 samples (5 birds), 63 samples (21 birds) and 27 samples (9 birds) were positive for AIV, NDV and both for AIV and NDV, respectively; whereas the remaining birds were negative for either AIV or NDV in this screening test. Among the five AIV positive, a layer chicken from wet market in Mymensingh, Netrokona, Gibandha and Kurigram and a native chicken from wet market in Kurigram area was positive to AIV. The semi-domestic birds are either positive to NDV or free from both AIV and NDV. This study revealed that the AIV and NDV rapid diagnostic kits could be effectively use to diagnose the respective virus in trachea, oro-nasal and cloacal samples simultaneously. AIV-NDV combo Ag test result clearly indicates that the test kit designed for AIV and NDV could diagnose the disease rapidly with less effort and higher scientific know how which could be used for the detection of AIV and NDV using field samples in large scale.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2012

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a variety of birds with a wide range of clinical signs from asymptomatic to severe. During a 10-month period in 2011, a total of 1,024 sera from wild birds including 42 species of birds in 8 orders were collected and the seroprevalence of NDV in wild birds was evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Evidence of NDV infection was observed in 12.6% (129/1,024) of wild birds with a maximum prevalence reported in Mandarin duck (27.8%, 32/115) followed by Mallard duck (20.8%, 57/274), Spot-billed duck (11.9%, 36/303), Pintail (2.9%, 1/34), Black-tailed gull (2.9%, 1/34), White-fronted goose (1.8%, 1/56) and Common teal (1.4%, 1/69). None of the other 35 species of wild birds were antibody-positive for NDV. Mandarin duck, Mallard duck and Spot-billed duck showed high sero-prevalance of 12.2% to 42% during winter season (November to March). Our results indicate that Mandarin duck, Mallard duck and Spot-billed duck might be natural reservoirs for NDV in Korea and the prevalence of NDV infection in wild birds displayed a seasonal pattern with high prevalence of NDV in winter season (November to March).